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HARVARD UNIVERSITY
TETRA TRC OF THE
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY
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THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CHYLON.
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THE
Pee OO: Paha OF Cay Lon
BY
F. MOORE, F.Z.S.
ASSOCIATE OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON; MEMBER OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON ; CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE ENTOM. SOC. OF STETTIN, AND OF THE ENTOM. SOC. OF THE NETHERLANDS.
WO, IL.
(Published wider the special Patronage of the Government of Ceylon.)
LONDON:
L. REEVE & CO., 5, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN.
1882-3. e
is = ot ie JAN "7 1896 —
re x LIBRARY: ; k F Tita JA
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a.
CONTENTS OF VOL. II.
HETEROCERA. on
FAMILY SPHINGIDA 5 ; 5 : : : : : : : il Subfamily SpHincinn 6 ; : : ‘ : : : : Ih
5 ACHERONTIINE : : : : ; : : : 5 5
un SMERINTHINE : 5 : : ; : : : : 7
s AMBULICINE . : F 4 : é : : : a le
* CHGEROCAMPINE . : : ; 4 : : : eels
p MacroGLossiInz : E : : : : : 5 AD
FAMILY AGARISTIDA . ; : : 5 . 3 ; ‘ sp oe FAMILY ZYGANIDA : ; : ; 5 ; : : : ~ 8A Subfamily Synromine . : 6 i : 5 : : : . 34
43 ZYGENINE . : i ; ; d ; : : 5 | OU
FAMILY CHALCOSIIDA . : : ‘ 2 ; ‘ : : . 40 FAMILY NYCTEMERIDA . ‘ é : : : : : ieee ai FAMILY CALLIDULIDA . : : ; : : j ; 5 x, AO FAMILY LITHOSIIDA y 3 ; : ' . : : : 5 &0 Subfamily Hypsinm. : : ‘ : : 0 ; : o. oll
45 LITHostInm . : ‘ : ‘ 5 : : i 5 | OO
FAMILY ARCTIIDA . : : ‘ s : ‘ : ; : eit FAMILY LIPARIDA . : : : ; : : : : : ai RRA FAMILY PSYCHIDA . : é : : % ; * : : > Oy FAMILY NOTODONTIDA . é 3 : ; j : ; - - loz Subfamily Dickanurinz : : : 6 ; 6 : : s Oe * Noropontin& é : : P : 3 : : > LI@ % CaREINE ! : é : ie : j F : 7 G FAMILY DREPANULIDA. : : 5 4 : , 5 a > Ig FAMILY SATURNIIDA . : ; : : : : : : ~ UBil FAMILY LIMACODIDA . : : ; : : ; : : = UBS FAMILY BOMBYCIDA : ‘ ; 4 ‘ : : : - 135 FAMILY LASIOCAMPIDA ; : é : : A : : a UdZ FAMILY COSSIDA é : 3 : 0 ‘ ‘ : . Ss FAMILY HEPIALIDA : : : ‘ : c ® zZ é = 56
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DESCRIPTION
Qu IPLAC.
PLATE 72.
Fig. 1, 1 a, 4. Nephele Hespera . Prats 73.
Fig. 1, 1 a, 6. Diludia discistriga Piate 74,
Fig. 1, la. Diludia vates 2. Diludia obliqua
Prats 75. Fig.1,1a,4,¢,d,e. Protoparce orientalis
Prats 76. Fig. 1, 1 a, 4, ec. Acherontia Styx
Prats 77. Fig. 1, 1 a, 6, c. Acherontia Lachesis .
Prats 78. Fig. 1, 1 a, 4, c. Marumba Dyras
Pate 79. Fig. 1, 1 a, 6. Ambulyx auripennis 2. Marumba Ceylonica 3. Cypa ferruginea
PratE 80. Fig. 1. Ambulyx turbata . 2, 2 a, 6. Ambulyx Thwaitesii 3. Leucophlebia rosacea
Prats 81. Fig. 1, 1 a, 6. Amblypterus Panopns
« Pate 82. Fig. 1, la. Daphnis Nerii
PAGE
14.
‘ PLATE 83, Fig. 1, la. Daphnis Hypothous .
« PLaTE 84, Fig. 1. Daphnis Layardi 2. Xylophanes prunosa 3. Isoples Raffles 4. Hippotion Celerio 5. Isoples Theylia . 6. Gnathothlibus pallicosta .
« PratE 85. Fig. 1, la. Xylophanes Oldenlandiz
¢ PuatE 86. Fig. 1. Theretra Nessus 2, 2a. Hathia tenebrosa 3. Hathia Lucasii
¢ Prats 87. Fig. 1. Hathia Clotho 2. Xylophanes Pinastrina 3, 3 a, b, c. Panacra Vigil
« Prats 88. Fig. 1, la. Pergesa Acteus .
, Puate 89. Fig. 1. Angonyx testacea 2, 2a. Acosmeryx cinerea
¢ PuatE 90. Fig. 1. Rhamphoschisma imperator 2. Rhamphoschisma rectifascia 3, 3a. Macroglossa taxicolor
PAGE
15
16 18 19 16 19 21
17
22 20 20
* PratE 91.
‘
C
vi
Fig. 1,
PLATE
Fig.
PLATE
Fig.
PLATE Fig
Ss:
PLATE
Fig.
PEATE
Kies
« PLATE
« Prats 98. Fig. 1,
Fig
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NOapaenre Lf anpnwnwe ©
we
96.
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2. 4,
97. o IL,
DESCRIPTION OF PLATES.
1 a, 6. Macroglossa proxima
. Rhamphoschisma glaucoptera .
. Rhamphoschisma nigrifasciata . . Rhamphoschisma divergens
3 a, 6. Macroglossa insipida
. Maeroglossa Gyrans . Macroglossa vialis . . Macroglossa affictitia
4 a, 6. Cephonodes Hylas
. Aigocera Venulia
. Aivocera bimacula . . Episteme nigripennis . Syntomis Artina
. Syntomis montana
6a. Euchromia Polymena.
. Syntomis Cysseoides
. Syntomis Georgina .
. Procotes diminuta
. Eressa subaurata
. Callizygena nivimacula . . Hressa confinis
. Phacusa thoracica
8a. Trypanophora taprobanes .
la. Sephisa Cingala Scaptesyle bicolor Heteropan scintillans
. Chaleosia pretiosa . Chaleosia quadrifasciata ,
1 a, 6. Cyclosia Panthona 2a. Chaleosia venosa 3a. Chalcosia similata
1 a. Amesia Midama Chalcosia affinis
Dondera alba . é 4a. Nyctemera nigrovenosa
PAGE
33
45 48
« PLATE
Fig
« PLATE Fig.
¢ PLATE
98),
. 1, la. Nyetemera Lacticinia 2. Nyctemera latistriga
8, 3a. Curoba Sangarida
4, 4a. Cleosiris Catamita
100. . 1, 1 a. Hypsa persecta 2. Lacides Ficus . 3. Digama insulana 4. Digama fasciata . : 5. Migoplastes Ceylonica
101.
Fig. 1, 1 a, 6. Damalis producta .
; PLATE Fig
« PLATE
2. Conistis Entella 3. Brunia antica . 4. Katha brevipennis .
102.
. 1, 1 a, 6. Damalis Alciphron 2. Capissa fasciata 5 3. Tegulata basistriga .
4, 4a. Gampola fasciata
103.
Fig. 1. Padenia transversa .
¢ PLATE Fig
¢ PLATE
2. Garudinia latana
3, 3a. Bizone puella
4, Bizone subornata
5. Lyclene arcuata
6. Lyclene Ila
7. Lyclene semifascia . 8. Setina solita .
9. Setina punctilinea . 10. Barsine cuneonotatus
104. . 1. Nola cingalesa 2. Aimene taprobanis . 3. Aimene guttulosana 4, Amene sordida 5. Utetheisa pulchella . 6
105.
Fig. 1, 1 a, 6, ¢. Argina Argus
2,2 a, 6. Argina Syringa
65
DESCRIPTION OF PLATES.
v Prats 106. Fig. 1, la. Argina Cribraria 2, 2 a, b. Alope Ricini
« Prats 107. Fig. 1, 1 a, 6. Pangora erosa 2. Rajendra irregularis 3, 3a. Spilarctia subfascia
« Prats 108. Fig. 1, la. Rhodogastria Astrea . 2. Areas melanopsis 3, 3a. Creatonotus emittens 4, Creatonotus continuatus . 5, 5a. Creatonotus interruptus 6, 6a. Aloa sanguinolenta
« Prats 109. Fig. 1, 1 a, 6. Orgyia postica 2, 2 a, b. Enome ampla
« Prate 110. Fig. 1, la. Charnidas plana C 2, 2a, 6. Antipha costalis 3. Antipha antica F 4, 4a. Charnidas rotundata . 5, 5a. Lelia angulifera 6. Lelioides fasciata . 0
« Prats 111. Fig. 1, 1 a, 6. Somena subnotata 2. Somena irrorata 3, 3a. Somena scintillans 4, 4a, 6. Artaxa apicalis 5. Bembina apicalis
© Pirate 112.
Fig. 1, la. Artaxa digramma 2, 2a. Artaxa citrina . 3. Artaxa cervina c 4. Artaxa pusilla. 5, 5a. Porthesia subdita 6, 66. Euproctis bimaculata . 6a. Euproctis bigutta .
« Prats 113. Fig. 1. Euproctis lutescens .
2, 2 a, §. Cherotricha decussata .
3. Cispia punctifascia . 4. Redoa submarginata 5. Kanchia subvitrea .
PAGE
68 70
72
73
82 81 80 82 83 84,
87 87 86 85 88
85 85 86 86 89 89 90
90 91 91 92 93
« Prats 114. Fig. 1, 1 a, 6. Perina nuda . 2, 2.4, 6. Cultura alba.
« Prats 115. Fig. 1, 1 a, 6. Psalis securis 2. Olene basivitta 3. Olene fusiformis 4, 4a, 6. Olene mendosa
« Pirate 116. Fig. 1, 1 a, 6. Dasychira Thwaitesi1 2, 2a. Lymantria obsoleta
v PratE 117. Fig. 1, 1 a, 6. Lymantria grandis
¢ Prats 118.
Fig. 1, la. Eumeta Cramer 2, 2a. Eumeta Layard 3, 3a. Bambalina consorta . 4, 4a. Manatha albipes 5, 5a. Chalia Doubledayii 6, 6a. Dappula Templetonii . 7, 7a. Aprata Thwaitesii 8. Aprata Mackwoodii 9. Metisa plana .
c Prater 119. Fig. 1, 1 a, 6. Stauropus alternus 2. Antheua exanthemata 3. Ceira metaphea
¢ Pate 120. Fig. 1, la. Harpyia Kandyia 2, 2a. Netria viridescens
¢ Prats 121. Fig. 1, la. Pheosa basalis 2, 2a. Sphetta apicalis
v PratE 122. Hig. 1, 1 a, &. Ichthyura restitura 2, 2 a, &. Brada truneata
¢PiatE 123. Pig. 1, la. Carea varipes 2, 2a. Beara dichromella 3, 3a. Dabarita subtilis
Vii PAGE
94. 98
95 97 97 96
98 100
99
viii DESCRIPTION OF PLATES.
¢ Prats 124. Fig. 1, 1 a, 6. Teldenia alba 2. Drepana specularis . 3, 3a. Oreta extensa 4. Cobanilla marginata
‘ Prats 125. Fig. 1, 1 a, 6. Antherza Cingalesa
« Prate 126. Fig. 1, la. Actias Selene
¢ Prats 127. Fig. 1, la. Attacus taprobanis
« Prate 128. Fig. 1, 1 a, 6. Seopelodes aurogrisea 2, 2a, 6. Parasa lepida
« Pirate 129. Fig. 1 la. Miresa argentifera 2, 2a. Thosea cervina . 3, 3a. Aphendala ochracea
¢ Prats 130. Fig. 1. Parasa leta . 2. Parasa similis : 3,3 a, 6. Aphendala cana . 4, 4a. Aphendala aperiens .
« Prats 131. Fig. 1, 1 a, b. Susica signata 2, 2a. Susica fraterna . 3. Thosea duplexa
« PratEe 132.
Fig. 1, 1 a, 6. Cheromettia ferruginea .
2, 2 a, 6. Narosa conspersa . 3, 3a. Narosa adala
4. Candyba punetata .
5. Rabila frontalis
« Pirate 133. Fig. 1, 1 a, 4. Trilocha varians 2. Aristhala Thwaitesii 3. Ganisa postica 4. Messata similis 5, 5a. Messata plumipes
=
PAGE 120 120 119 121
122
123
« Prats 134. Fig. 1. Messata enescens 2. Messata tristis 3. Messata quadrifasciata 4, Messata vialis 5. Pandala dolosa 6. Sangatissa subcurvifera
¢ Piate 135. Fig. 1. Brachytera phalenaria 2. Eupterote diffusa : 3, 3 a, 6. Eupterote mollifera
« Prats 186. Fig. 1, 1 a, 6. Eupterote ochripicta 2. Tagora murina .
« Pirate 1387. Fig. 1, la. Horanpella placida 2, 2a. Brachytera geminata. 3, 3 a, 6. Lenodora subcostalis 4. Hondella juvenis
« Pirate 138. Fig. 1, 1 a, 6. Trabala Vishnu 2, 2a. Trabala Vishnu .
© Prater 139. Fig. 1. Lebeda variegata 2, 2a. Suana cervina . f ¢ Pirate 140. Fig. 1, 1 a, 6. Suana bimaculata . « Prats 14].
Fig. 1, 1 a, 6. Metanastria ae . Odonestis divisa
- Prate 142. Fig. 1, la. Estigena Nandina 2, 2a. Taragama igniflua 3, 3a. Hinneya leuconota
¢ Pirate 148. : Fig. 1, 1 a, 6. Zeuzera Coffece 2, 2a. Zeuzera nigra 3. Arbela quadrinotata 4. Phassus purpurescens
Wists Ib JelIDOQue IT ia lee Ole Ola SION.
Section HETEROCERA. Family SPHINGIDA.
Forewing long, narrow; submedian vein with a lower basal branch. Hindwing small; with the subcostal and costal veins joined together by a short transverse subbasal spur. Palpi broad, compressed, terminal jot minute; antenne more or less prismatic, gradually thickened towards the middle, and with a slender ciliated tip; proboscis in some species extremely long. Flight very powerful; crepuscular and diurnal.
Larva cylindrical, either naked or covered with minute granular tubercles; furnished with a dorsal horn on 11th segment. Pupa beneath the earth, or in a light cocoen on the surface.
Subfamily SPHINGIN 4.
Imago Cherocampine in form, but with the head generally smaller, the thorax variable in length; proboscis very long.
Larva with the anterior segments very slightly smaller than the posterior ; generally marked with oblique lateral stripes; horn (when present) rather long ; head tolerably large; position, when in repose, almost sigmoidal. Pupa frequently with an external sheath for the proboscis. (Butler.)
Genus NEPHELE.
Nephele, Wiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 133 (1818-25). Zonilia, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus. viii. p. 192 (1856); Boisd. Spee. Gén. Lep. Het. p. 139 (1874).
Forewing moderately short and broad; costa slightly arched towards the end, apex pointed, exterior margin oblique, even, slightly convex in middle; costal vein long ; first subcostal branch emitted at one-third, second at one-fifth before end of the cell, and extending to near apex, fourth from below third at one-sixth beyond the cell, fifth from end of the cell; discocellular inwardly oblique, bent slightly outward
VOL. IL. B
2 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
below the middle, the radial from the angle; cell short; middle median at one-fifth and lower median at three-fifths before end of the cell; submedian much recurved upwards, basal branch short: hindwing short, somewhat pointed at the apex; exterior margin very oblique, recurved; abdominal margin very short; costal vein extending to apex ; subcostal joined to costal by a short oblique ascending spur at nearly one-half from its base ; two subcostal branches from end of the cell; upper much arched from its base ; discocellular outwardly oblique, shghtly bent inward at the middle; radial from the angle; middle median at one-fifth and lower median at nearly one-half before end of the cell; submedian straight, internal recurved. Body fusiform; head large, prominent, conical; palpi large, thick, projecting beyond front of head; legs long, slender; antenne of male serrated-ciliate ; proboscis rather long.
NEPHELE HESPERA (Puare 72, Fic. 1, 1 a, b, larva). Sphinx hespera, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p. 546 (1775). Nephele hespera, Butler, Trans. Zool. Soc. ix. p. 624 (1876). Sphinx chiron, Cramer, Pap. Exot. ii. p. 62, pl. 137, f. E (1779). Sphinx Morpheus, Cramer, Pap. Exot. ii. p. 84, pl. 149, f. D (1779). Zonilia Morpheus, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. viii. p. 194; Boisd. Spec. Gén. Lep. Het. p. 139. Sphinx didyma, Fabr. Spee. Ins. ii. p. 148 (1781). Sphine quaterna, Charpentier, Edit. Esper’s Ausi. Schmett. Sph. pl. 1, f. 2 (1830). Perigonia obliterans, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus. Suppl. p. 28 (1864).
Greenish olive-brown: forewing crossed by two waved more or less distinct darker subbasal lines, two antemedial and two sinuous postmedial lines, a similar coloured discal sinuous line, and an angulated submarginal line; some specimens of both sexes with a very indistinct blackish discocellular spot or a small pure white lunule and contiguous upper spot, the two latter being also sometimes connected : hindwing darker brown, the outer border somewhat dusky. Abdomen with broad black segmental lateral bands ; sides of thorax and palpi beneath grey; legs greyish- brown.
Expanse 23 to 3 inches.
Larva (Young). Olive-green, minutely dotted with olive-brown; from 4th segment a dorsal row of slender oblique violet-brown streaks, below which is a longitudinal line extending to tip of horn; a reversely oblique violet-brown streak also on 7th to 11th segment; spiracles black. Adult: green, with an oblique pale-bordered stripe on 8rd to 5th segment, and a longitudinal line from 8th seement to base of horn; spiracles black. Pupa pale dull red; wing cases with a few dusky spots; abdominal segments minutely spotted, and a lateral darker streak; spiracles and caudal spine black.
“ Feeds on Carissa Carandas.”’
SPHINGIN 4. 3
Genus DILUDIA. Diludia, Grote and Robinson, Proc. Ent. Soe. Phil. v. p. 188 (1865). Macrosila (part), Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. viii. p. 198 (1856). Meganoton (part), Boisd. Spec. Gén. Lep. Het. p. 58 (1874).
Similar to Protoparce (P. Convolvuli): forewing slightly broader and the exterior margin even; middle median emitted at one-fourth and lower at one-half before end of the cell: hindwing with a more oblique, and even exterior margin; discocellular veinlet nearly straight ; radial from its middle. Body shorter, stouter ; head smaller; palpi broader and more pointed in front; antennz thinner; tarsi longer and more slender.
DILUDIA DISCISTRIGA (Prate 73, Fre. 1, 1 a, }, larva). Macrosila discistriga, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus. viii. p. 209 (1856) ; Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. I. C. i. p. 268 (1857).
Diludia discistriga, Butler, Trans. Zool. Soc. 1876, p. 615.
Meganoton discistriga, Boisduval, Spec. Gén. Lep. Het. p. 59 (1874).
Wings comparatively longer and narrower than in D. Vates: forewing darker grey; the transverse markings similar, prominent, more sinuous, the streak below the apex shorter: hindwing much darker.
Expanse, 3 34, ? 44 inches.
Larva (Adult). Green, darkest on anterior segments; with a dorsal yellowish band, from which proceed white-bordered dark green oblique lateral stripes, the dorsal band with two minute violet-brown spots, the stripes with two similar short linear spots, the anterior and posterior stripe brown streaked ; anterior segments with transverse rows of white dots; horn with yellow tubercles. Pupa dusky red, with exserted proboscis.
*“‘ Feeds on Ligustrum, Vitex, &e.” (Thwwaites.)
DILUDIA VATES (Pirate 74, Fia.1,la, 5 ?). Diludia Vates, Butler, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 13 ; Trans. Zool. Soc. 1876, p. 616, pl. 91, fig. 18, 19.
Forewing light grey, with two or three whitish spots on basal half of the costa and at centre of discoidal cell; a double angulated discal series of brownish-edeed lunate spots; a small oblique spot towards middle of costa, a less oblique streak crossing the cell near its end, two parallel streaks within the mterspaces, a small lunule beneath them, an irregular streak maregining the apical patch, and a series of spots at end of the veins upon the fringe, black-brown ; an indistinct discal series of brown dots: hindwing fuliginous-brown, abdominal area paler; costal border testaceous; anal angle grey and crossed by two brown sinuous streaks. Cilia alternated with white. Body grey; tegule and hind part of thorax margined externally by a black streak slightly bordered within by ochreous ; abdomen with
B 2
4 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
blackish dorsal line and paler lateral line, segments with slight narrow brownish bands; palpi with a broad brown lateral band; tarsi with brown bands. Expanse, ¢ 38, ? 4} inches.
DILUDIA OBLIQUA (Parte 74, Fic. 2). Macrosila obliqua, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus. viii. p. 208 (1856). Diludia obliqua, Butler, Trans. Zool. Soc. 1876, p. 614.
Forewing brownish-grey ; crossed by a subbasal, three irregular antemedial, three postmedial, and a discal sinuous brown whitish-bordered slender band, the medial upper area also brown and traversed by an oblique darker brown fascia which extends from middle of the costa to exterior margin and spreads hindward towards posterior angle, and has a contiguous patch on the margin in front; a dark brown zigzag streak extending below the apex: hindwing brown, with two indistinctly darker brown transverse sinuous fasciz extending from anal angle; abdominal border and angle greyish. Body brownish-grey; collar and tegule brown streaked and hind part of thorax blackish streaked; abdomen brown speckled, with indistinct darker dorsal and lateral lines; palpi with brown lateral streak; tarsi with brown bands.
Hxpanse 54 inches.
Genus PROTOPARCE. Protoparce, Burmeister, Abhandl. Nat. Gesellsch. Halle, p. 63 (1855). Phlegethontius et Agrius (part), Hiibner.
Forewing long, narrow; costa arched near the end, apex pointed; exterior margin slightly uneven, very oblique and slightly convex; posterior margin much recurved ; first subcostal vein emitted at one-third and second at one-ninth before end of the cell, fourth at one-third beyond the cell from below the third, fifth immediately beyond end of the cell; discocellular inwardly oblique, slightly bent near lower end, radial from the angle; cell long, narrow; middle median at one-fifth, and lower at three-fifths befcre end of the cell; submedian recurved, emitting a lower branch inward about one-third from its base: hindwing narrow; apex somewhat pointed ; exterior margin very oblique, slightly waved and angulated near the anal angle; cell narrow, extending about one-third the wing; costal vein slightly arched in the middle; a short oblique subcostal spur at one-third from its base joined to the costal; two subcostal branches from immediately beyond end of the cell; discocellular outwardly oblique, twice bent, upper angled inward in the middle, radial from lower angle; middle median at one-fifth and lower at one-third before end of the cell ; submedian straight, internal recurved. Body long, fusiform; head moderate; palpi bluntly pointed in front; antennz long, thick; tarsi long, slightly spined (P. Con- volvuli).
n
ACHERONTIIN ZZ.
PROTOPARCE ORIENTALIS (Prate 75, Fic. 1, 1 a—e, larva). Protoparce orientalis, Butler, Trans. Zool. Soc. 1876, p. 609, pl. 91, fig. 16, 17. Sphinx Convolvuli, Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. I. C. i. p. 257, pl. 9, fig. 3, 3a.
Forewing grey, blackish-speckled; crossed by two subbasal, two antemedial zigzag grey-bordered black streaks, and two postmedial, acutely and lengthened pointed, zigzag lines; some black oblique streaks on the costa, and a zigzag line below the apex ; some white-bordered circular black marks along exterior margin, and an indistinct dusky fascia obliquely across middle of the wing traversed by two distinct black lines between the median veins; a grey and black-speckled spot at end of the cell: hindwing brownish-erey, suffused with pale blue basally ; crossed by a subbasal, two medial, and a submarginal blackish sinuous band. Female with all the markings paler: Thorax grey, with black streaks and circular spots on hind part ; abdomen purplish-red, with a broad grey dorsal band, black transverse bands with white segmental borders ; tarsi with brown bands.
Expanse 31 to 34 inches.
Larva (Young). Pale green, with indistinct darker oblique stripes. (Another Stage.) Immediately after change of skin—darker spotted green, oblique stripes paler, but more distinct; horn yellowish; head with green bands; spiracles black ringed. Becomes darker coloured in seven or eight hours after. (Hurther Stage.) Brighter green; oblique stripes very distinct and blackish-bordered anteriorly ; spiracles red centred. (Adult.) Before changing to pupa—pale olivaceous-ochreous, whitish beneath; transversely dotted with brown; spiracles black; head with blackish bands. Pupa dusky red, with black spiracles ; proboscis case exserted. Feeds on Calonyction speciosum, Pharbitis nil, Argyreia cymosa, Ipomaa polyanthes, Phaséolus, &e.
Subfamily ACHERONTIIN &. Imago clumsy ; legs, antenne, and proboscis thick, the latter very short ; head, thorax, and abdomen short and broad. Larva thick, clumsy, Sphine-like, but with the horn always more or less recurved at the tip and tuberculated or granulose. (Butler.)
Genus ACHERONTIA. Acherontia, Ochsenheimer, Schmett. Eur. iv. p. 44 (1816) ; Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 139 (1818-25) ; Boisd. Spec. Gén. Lep. Het. p. 4 (1874). Manduca, Hiibner, Tentamen, p. 1 (1806). Brachyglossa, Latreille ; Boisduval (1829). Forewing long, slightly arched towards the apex ; exterior margin oblique, even, slightly convex; first subcostal vein.at nearly one-half and second at one-twelfth
6 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
before end of the cell, fourth at one-third beyond the cell from below the third, fifth from end of the cell; discocellular inwardly oblique, bent outward at one-third from lower end, radial from above the angle; cell long, upper end extending beyond half the wing; middle median at one-fifth and lower at three-fifths before end of the cell; submedian curved towards the end and emitting a lower branch inward at one-third from its base: hindwing angularly convex at apex; exterior margin even, slightly concave beyond the middle; costal vein slightly recurved, extending to apex ; a short oblique subcostal spur emitted at nearly one-half from its base, and jomed to costal; two subcostal branches at a short distance beyond end of the cell; discocellular outwardly oblique, upper end concave, radial from the angle ; cell short, broad ; middle median at one-fifth and lower at two-fifths before end of ,the cell; submedian and internal vein recurved. Body large, bluntly fusiform ; head large and broad; palpi laterally adpressed, apex convex in front; antennz short, very thick, serrated, terminating in a slender bristle; legs very thick ; tarsi short, stout, numerously spined.
ACHERONTIA LACHESIS (Pare 77, Fie. 1, 1 a, b, larva).
Sphinx Lachests, Fabricius, Eat. Syst. Suppl. p. 434 (1798).
Acherontia Morta, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 140; Butler, Trans. Zool. Soc. 1876, p. 598, pl. 92, fig. 9.
Sphinx Atropos, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iii. pl. 187, fig. E ; Gray in Cuvier’s Anim. Kingdom, pl. 137, f. 4 (nec Linn.).
Acherontia Satanas, Boisd. Spec. Gén. Lep. Pap. pl. 16, f. 1 (1836) ; Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. HE. I. C. i. p. 267, pl. 9, f. 2, 2a ; Boisd. Spec. Gén. Lep. Het. p. 7.
Acherontia Lethe, Westwood, Cabinet of Orient. Entom. p. 187, pl. 42, f. 2 (1847) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. viii. p. 235.
Forewing blackish chestnut-brown, ochreous and grey speckled, with transverse prominent blackish irrecularly undulated basal band, ochreous-bordered antemedial zigzag lines, and grey-bordered postmedial sinuous lines ; also less defined confluent greyish and ochreous subapical and submarginal lines; middle of the wing with irregular black sinuous streaks and oblique fasciz extending to outer margin; a greyish-white dot at end of the cell; an ochreous-yellow hairy patch at base of posterior margin: hindwing ochreous-yellow, with three broad black simuous- bordered bands. Thorax, head, palpi, and legs blackish chestnut-brown ; thorax grey speckled, tegule and metathorax black streaked, middle of thorax more or less grey, red bordered, black spotted and cross streaked, these markings pale bordered ; abdomen with broad black segmental bands and lateral yellow bands, the latter decreasing towards apex, a broad dark slaty-blue dorsal band; legs with yellow bands.
Hixpanse, ¢ 4, ¢ 5 inches.
SMERINTHIN 42. 7
Larva (Adult). Green, with blue-bordered yellow oblique lateral stripes; spiracles black ; head black striped; horn with yellow tubercles. Pupa dark dusky red.
“Feeds on Datura.”
ACHERONTIA STYX (Piate 76, Fre. 1, 1 a, b, larva). Acherontia Styx, Westwood, Cabinet of Orientai Ent. p. 88, pl. 42, fig. 3 (1847); Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. I. C. i. p. 266, pl. 9, fig. 1, la; Boisd. Spec. Gén. Lep. Het. p. 6 (1874) ; Butler, Trans. Zool. Soc. 1876, p. 597.
Forewing black, grey speckled ; crossed by three antemedial, three postmedial, and a submarginal black irregular sinuous line, the interspaces of the antemedial lines dull red; a red narrow parallel streak between the veins from the cell to exterior margin, and a red streak within the cell; upper interspace of postmedial and submarginal lines also red; a yellow spot at end of the cell: hindwing ochreous- yellow, with a narrow black medial and a submarginal band, the latter crossed by black veins; cilia with black linear streaks. Thorax, head, and palpi black, grey speckled ; tegulee and thorax black streaked ; middle of thorax reddish-grey with two black spots and indistinct lower streaks ; abdomen ochreous-yellow, with narrow black segmental bands and greyish-blue dorsal band; legs with black bands.
Expanse, d 33, 2 4¢ inches.
Larva (Adult). Green; fifth to last seement darker spotted, and with a lateral oblique yellow stripe; horn yellow, tuberculated. Pupa dusky red.
“Feeds on Solanum melongena, S. trilobatum, Stachylarpheta indica, Coccinia indica, &c.”
Subfamily SMERINTHIN A.
Imago with the head and thorax short and broad ; palpi small ; antenne of male more or less pectinated.
Larva rugose; with the anterior segments tapering towards the head, which is abruptly and decidedly larger, flattened in front, and angular above; horn straight. (Butler.)
Genus CYPA. Cypa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus. xxxi. p. 41 (1864) ; Boisd. Spec. Gén. Lep. Het. p. 52 (1874).
Forewing elongate, triangular; apex slightly falcate; exterior margin very oblique and irregularly angulated ; posterior margin concave at the end ; cell long, upper end extending beyond half the wing; first subcostal emitted at nearly one-half and second at one-twelfth before end of the cell, third terminating at apex, fourth from below third at one-half beyond the cell, fifth from immediately beyond the cell ;
8 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
discocellular very inwardly oblique, radial from below the middle; the middle median at one-third and lower at one-half before end of the cell ; submedian much recurved, arched upward and extending close to lower median towards the end, emitting a straight short basal branch near the base: hindwing with nearly straight costa, apex very convex, exterior margin even, slightly concave in the middle and angular at end of submedian vein, abdominal margin short; cell broad, extending half the wing ; costal vein extending to apex; subcostal with a short spur joined to costal at one- third from the base; two subcostal branches at one-third beyond end of the cell; discocellular outwardly oblique, slightly convex, radial from one-third above its lower end; middle median at one-sixth and lower at two-fifths before end of the cell; submedian and internal veins widely apart, internal recurved and terminating at anal angle. Body moderately stout, smooth, fusiform, male with short lateral anal tuft ; thorax extending half beyond base of wings ; head short ; palpi compactly adpressed ; antennz short, serrate-ciliate ; proboscis not visible.
CYPA FERRUGINEA (Prate 79, Fie. 8). Cypa ferruginea, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus. xxxi. p. 42 (1864) ; Boisd. Spec. Gén. Lep. Het. p. 53; Butler, Trans. Zool. Soc. 1867, p. 554.
Ferruginous : forewing with two or three very indistinct transverse darker waved fasciz, and three similar discal fascize, the inner discal being broadest and the two outer sinuous, the points of the latter paler; the fascie in the male more distinct and with paler interspaces ; the outer margin of the wing dusky ferruginous ; a small dusky black spot at lower end of the cell: hindwing palest along costal border; cilia ferruginous-yellow. Abdomen with slightly darker ferruginous dorsal segmental bands.
Hxpanse, d 2, ? 23 inches.
Genus MARUMBA. Triptogon (part), Butler, Trans. Zool. Soc. 1876, p. 586.*
Forewing long ; costa much arched towards the apex ; exterior margin oblique, scalloped; posterior margin concave towards the end; first subcostal emitted at one-third and second at one-ninth before end of the cell, fourth from below third at nearly one-half beyond the cell, fifth from immediately beyond the cell; discocellular slight, very oblique and concave, radial from below the middle; cell extending to half the wing; middle median at one-fifth and lower at one-half before end of the cell; submedian much recurved, emitting a lower inward branch at one-fifth from the base: hindwing narrow; apex convex; exterior margin slightly scalloped, and angulated near apex ; cell broad, short, not extending to half the wing; costal vein
* The type of Triptogom, Bremer (TZ. dissimilis), belongs to a different group.
SMERINTHIN 4h. 9
arched at the base, extending to apex; subcostal with a short oblique spur ascending and jomed to costal; two subcostal branches from immediately beyond end of the cell; discocellular outwardly oblique, upper end angled in the middle, above the radial; middle median at one-fifth and lower at one-third before end of the cell ; submedian anda internal vein slightly recurved. Body large, laxly squamose ; thorax short; head small; palpi obtuse, compact; antenne large, long, strongly pectinate in male, tip slender (MM. Dyras).
MARUMBA CEYLONICA (Prare 79, Fic. 2, 2).
Triptogon Ceylonica, Butler, P. Z. 8. 1875, p. 255 ; Trans. Zool. Soc. 1876, p. 587. Smerinthus Dyras (part), Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus. viii. p. 250.
Pale olivaceous brownish-ochreous: forewing with a short brown basal streak, three transverse antemedial slightly waved lines, of which the first is outwardly oblique and the third inwardly oblique—thus nearly touching one another on the posterior margin; a parallel postmedial line, followed by two less distinct waved lines, an irregularly undulated line which is slightly sinuous at the costal end and curved over a black spot before the posterior angle; from the costa before the apex extends a duplex line to posterior angle: hindwing pale reddish-ochreous, anal angle pale brownish-ochreous, marked with two dark purple-black spots. Thorax and abdomen traversed by a brown dorsal line; palpi, and legs above brown.
Expanse, 3d 2%, ? 3% inches.
MARUMBA DYRAS (Pratz 78, Fie. 1, 1 a, 6, ¢, 5 &, larva).
Smerinthus Dyras (part), Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus. viii. p. 250 (1856). Triptogon Dyras, Butler, Trans. Zool. Soc. 1876, p. 586.
Very similar to M. Ceylonica. Differs in being larger and darker coloured ; the forewing having four brown transverse antemedial lines, two postmedial lines, and the irregularly undulated line not sinuous at the costal end; below the dark purple- black spot is also a dash of the same colour before the angle: hindwing similar, but darker.
Expanse, 5 33, % 44 inches.
Larva pale green, bluish-green when adult, covered with paler short granular spines; a lateral band on fifth to last segment; horn spinous; head triangular, flattened in front, with a pale whitish streak down the cheek; a short serrated longitudinal Jateral streak on the third and fourth segments. Pupa dusky red, with black segmental bands, and short exserted proboscis.
“Feeds on Sterculiacese, &e.” (Thwaites.) VOL. II. 0
10 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
Genus LEUCOPHLEBIA. Leucophlebia, Westwood, Cabinet of Oriental Entom. p. 46 (1847); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. ix. p. 136 (1856); Boisd. Spee. Gén. Lep. Het. p. 55 (1874).
Forewing narrow, long, lanceolate; first subcostal branch emitted at one-third and second at one-twelfth before end of the cell, fourth at one-third beyond the cell, fifth from end of the cell; discocellular very obliquely inward, concave at lower end, radial from below the middle; cell more than half the wing; middle median at one- sixth and lower at one-twelfth before end of the cell; submedian straight, emitting a basal lower branch at one-fourth: hindwing rather long and narrow, apex pointed, exterior margin very oblique, convex; cell large, broad, extending more than one- third the wing ; costal vein extending to apex; subcostal with a short oblique spur one-third from the base ascending to and joined to the costal; two subcostal branches at a short distance beyond end of the cell; discocellular outwardly oblique, upper end angulated inward, radial from the middle; the middle median at one- sixth and lower at one-twelfth before end of the cell; submedian and internal veins straight. Body long, thorax and head short, head small; palpi thick, broad and flat in front, composed of lax hairy scales, third jomt minute; antennz long, thick, in male serrate-ciliate; legs thick, femora and tibize laxly hairy beneath.
LEUCOPHLEBIA ROSACEA (Pratz 80, Fie. 3). Leucophlebia rosacea, Butler, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 14, pl. 2, fig. 4, ¢.
Forewing pale pinkish-red, with a broad deep yellow band extending from base of the cell to below apex, and a narrower yellow fascia from below the base of the cell to posterior angle; median veins also lined with yellow: hindwing ochreous- yellow. Cilia whitish. Thorax creamy-white, slightly suffused with pale pink; front of head, and palpi, dark purple-red; abdomen and legs purplish-red ; shaft of antennee creamy-~yellow, serrations ochreous-yellow; middle and hind legs above yellow.
Expanse ¢ 23 inches.
Subfamily AMBULICIN A.
Imago with externally rounded palpi; antenne slender in both sexes; eyes salient ; thorax rather short ; abdomen of male produced behind, with lateral angular . expansions.
Larva with the anterior segments non-retractile, tapering slightly towards the head, which is abruptly rather larger and rounded; horn oblique, not curved, but slightly pointed upward at the tip; a series of lateral oblique stripes. (Dutler.)
AMBULICIN Zi. ll
Genus AMBULYX. Ambulyx, Westwood, Cabinet of Orient. Entom. p. 61, pl. 30, f. 2 (1847); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. viii. p. 120 (1856).
Forewing considerably arched towards the end, apex very acute and falcate, exterior margin very oblique and slightly uneven, posterior margin much recurved; first subcostal emitted at one-third and second at one-seventh before end of the cell, fifth immediately beyond end of the cell; discocellular obliquely concave ; radial from below the middle ; cell narrow, extending to half the wing; middle median at one-fifth and lower at two-thirds before end of the cell; submedian recurved, lower basal branch at one-fourth from the base: hindwing short, exterior margin slightly scalloped; cell extending to one-third the wing; a short oblique subcostal spur joined to costal; two subcostal branches on a short footstalk beyond the cell; discocellular recurved; middle median at one-sixth and lower at one-half before end of the cell. Body moderate, anal segment in male with slight lateral tuft; head tufted at base of antennee ; palpi broad, second joint ascending to vertex, third joint minute, conical ; antennee pectinate-ciliate, slender at tip.
AMBULYX AURIPENNIS (Prare 79, Fic. 1, 1 a, 0, larva). Ambulyx auripennis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 388.
Male: forewing pale brownish yellowish-ochreous, palest basally, and tinted with olivaceous externally ; crossed by two very indistinct antemedial sinuous slender brown lines, two distinct curved discal sinuous lines, and a more prominent brown curved submarginal line, each line most distinct at the costal end; a curved costal streak before the apex; a dark sap-brown spot at base of the cell and a larger spot below the cell: hindwing brownish-ochreous, costal border yellowish; crossed by three short blackish sinuous fasciz. Body pinkish ochreous-brown; frontal band broad, lateral band on thorax, and a narrow dorsal line sap-brown; palpi, pectus, and anal segments beneath ferruginous.
Expanse 3 inches.
Larya pale green, ringed with darker green granular spots; a very pale yellow lateral oblique stripe on fifth to last segment; claspers dark spotted; horn purple with whitish tubercles. Pupa reddish, with yellowish tinged head, thorax beneath and abdominal rings.
** Feeds on Dipterocarpus.” (Thwaites.)
AMBULYX THWAITESII (Pxate 80, Fic. 2, 2 a, b, larva).
Yellowish-ochreous, the basal, discal, and apical area deeper coloured ; crossed by an antemedial angulated line and postmedial sinuous blackish lines, a submarginal duplex line terminating in a greyish streak below the apex; a grey spot at end of the
c 2
12 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
eell, and some subbasal grey-bordered black spots: hindwing yellowish-ochreous, deeper coloured at the base; crossed by two discal sinuous black fasciz, and a paler marginal band. Thorax and frontal band reddish-ochreous, tegule and a lower transverse black band bordered with grey, two subdorsal grey-bordered black spots on third anal segment.
Expanse 34 inches.
Larva olive-green above, bluish laterally, rmged with paler granular spots; a white spotted subdorsal line and oblique lateral stripes; a subdorsal purplish triangular mark and lateral similar coloured patches on sixth to last segments, and a longitudinal streak on second and third segment; horn green, granulated with white. Pupa dark purplish reddish-brown with pale abdominal bands.
AMBULYX TURBATA (P arr 80, Fie. 1). Ambulyx turbata, Butler, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 252.
Forewing dark purplish reddish-brown, suffused with olivaceous ; crossed by two antemedial and three postmedial sinuous black grey-bordered lines, and a submarginal straight pale reddish line ending below the apex in a greyish streak; a grey-centred spot at end of the cell, and a subbasal series of more prominent grey-bordered black spots: hindwing paler, yellowish on costal border ; crossed by a medial black straight fascia, two confluent sinuous lines, and a marginal band, the latter and the cilia grey streaked at anal end. Body dark purplish reddish-brown ; frontal band and tegule laterally olive-black and grey-bordered; two subdorsal similar coloured spots on third anal segment.
Hxpanse 44 inches.
Genus AMBLYPTERUS.
Amblypterus, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 133 (1818-25). Calymnia,* Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. viii. p. 123 (1856); Boisd. Spec. Gén. Lep. Het. p. 13 (1874).
Forewing very long, narrow; apex produced, convex; exterior margin very oblique; posterior margin much recurved; cell long, narrow, extending more than half the wing; first subcostal vein emitted at one-third and second at one-ninth before end of the cell, fifth from end of the cell; discocellular very inwardly oblique, bent inward below the middle, radial from the angle; middle median at one-fifth and lower at two-thirds before end of the cell; submedian much recurved in the middle, basal lower branch long: hindwing rather long, apex convex, anal angle pointed ; cell short, narrow, extending to one-third the wing; a short subcostal spur joined to
fo) &
the costal, two subcostal branches on a footstalk some distance beyond end of the cell; discocellular outwardly oblique, upper end concave, radial from the middie ;
* Previously used by Hiibner for a genus of Noctuide.
CH@ROCAMPIN A. 13
the middle median at one-sixth and lower at one-half before end of the cell; submedian and internal vein nearly straight. Body large, very stout, abdomen very thick, apex attenuated ; antenne moderate; head small, projected in front ; palpi poited; legs short, very thick.
AMBLYPTERUS PANOPUS (Pare 81, Fie. 1, 1 a, b, larva). Sphinaz Panopus, Cramer, Pap. Exot, iii. pl. 224, fig. A, B (1782). Amblypterus Panopus, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 133 (1818-28).
Smerinthus Panopus, Westwood, Cabinet of Oriental Entom. p. 13, pl. 6, fig. 2 (1847).
Calymnia Panopus, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. viii. p. 124 (1856); Boisd. Spec. Gén. Lep. Het. p- 13 (1874).
Pinkish brownish-ochreous: forewing crossed by a subbasal oblique straight dark purplish-brown band which is basally traversed by grey waved sinuous lines, a discal parallel similar but narrower band with irregular suffused olive-brown outer border, and a marginal olive-brown angulated band traversed by a blackish sinuous line; a brown spot at end of the cell; the medial area of the wing crossed by grey- bordered brown more or less indistinct sinuous lines, and the discal area more or less speckled with brown spots and adorned with a large black, grey-centred, olive-brown bordered ocellate spot before the posterior angle, the inner border of this spot traversed by slender sinuous grey lines, which are continued indistinctly across the disc and ascend parallel to the marginal angular band up to the apex of the wing; some grey-bordered blackish streaks on costa before the apex: hindwing with a broad olive-brown outer marginal band, crossed by three discal sinuous darker lines, the outer line and the veins being black; the subbasal area pink and crossed by two darker pink fascie. Thorax and head purplish ferruginous-brown, abdomen with blackish dorsal spots, anal segments with a dorsal blackish band bordered laterally by ferruginous-brown ; palpi and legs beneath ferruginous.
Expanse, 6 42, ? 6 inches.
Larva grey; granulose; with a subdorsal yellowish-spotted line extending from head to the horn; fifth to last segment with a lateral prominent yellow oblique stripe ; horn granulose. Pupa dusky purplish-brown, with paler segmental bands.
“ Feeds on Mangifera indica.”
Subfamily CHGZROCAMPIN 45.
Imago generally with externally rounded palpi; antenne generally rather slender; eyes salient; thorax large and prominent ; abdomen without an anal tuft.
Larva with the anterior segments retractile, the fifth somewhat abruptly broader ; the fifth, and sometimes all the segments laterally ocellated ; horn variable; head rather large. (Sutler.)
14 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
Genus DAPHNIS.
Daphnis, Hiibner, Verz. bek.Schmett. p. 134 (1818-25) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. viii. p. 187 (1856).
Forewing long, costa slightly arched; apex acute, exterior margin oblique, posterior margin deeply recurved; cell extending to half the wing; first subcostal emitted at one-third and second at one-eighth before end of the cell, fourth at one- third beyond the eell, fifth immediately beyond the cell; discocellular inwardly oblique, concave below the radial; middle median at one-fifth and lower at two-fifths before end of the cell; submedian and basal branch much recurved: hindwing convexly pointed at the apex, anal angle prominent ; cell extending to one-third the wing ; a short oblique subcostal spur joined to costal at one-third from the base, two subcostal branches on a short footstalk beyond the cell; discocellular outwardly oblique, radial from above the middle; the middle median at one-sixth and lower at three-sixths before end of the cell. Body very stout, fusiform, abdomen thick; palpi compact, rounded in front ; eyes stout ; antenne long, thick (D. Neri).
DAPHNIS NERII (Puate 82, Fie. 1, 1a, larva). Sphinx Nerii, Linneus, Syst. Nat.i. 2, p. 798 (1766) ; Cramer, Pap. Exot. iii. pl. 224, fig. D. Daphnis Nerii, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 134 (1818-25); Stephens, Illustr. Brit. Lep. Haust. iv. p. 405 (1835); Stephens, Catal. Brit. Lep. p. 29 (1850); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. viii. p: 188; Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. EH. I. C. i. p. 272, pl. 10, f. 3, 3a. Cherocampa Nerii, Curtis, Brit. nt. xiii. pl. 626 (1837); Boisd. Spec. Gén. Lep. Het. p. 224.
Green: forewing crossed by a broad dark olive-green waved-bordered transverse subbasal band, a similar coloured narrow discal band with the inner border ill-defined and the outer border irregularly angulated, the apical area also olive-green with a darker angular patch below the apex; a circular basal spot; medial and upper discal interspaces between the bands very pale ochreous olive-green, suffused more or less with pink, the lower discal area being pinkish-grey ; a dark olive-green spot at base of wing and some streaks traversing the pale medial area: hindwing dark olive- ereen, basal area suffused with pinkish-brown; crossed by a medial slender undulated pale fascia. Body olive-green, with pale olivaceous-grey fringe to tegule and abdominal segments; tegule, a band on front of thorax, basal and anal segments, and lateral oblique streaks darker olive-green; thorax, head, palpi, and legs above olive-grey ; antennze ochreous.
Hxpanse 3+} to 4 inches.
Larva green, with a prominent whitish bluish-bordered longitudinal lateral band from sixth segment to base of horn; the band traversed by white oval spots ; above and below is a clustered series of white spots and others bordering the segments over the back; a large purple-centred black-ringed blind ocellus on side of fourth segment; spiracles small, black; horn yellow. Before changing the larvae become pale brownish-red, with the back, lateral ocellus, a spot on second segment, and the
CHG@ROCAMPINZ. 15
head dull black; the white lateral clustered spots showing out prominently. Forms a loose leafy silky covering on the ground. Pupa pale brownish-red, with a black line dividing the wing-cases, speckles on abdomen and large lateral spots.
** Feeds on Oleander (Nerium odorum), and on Cinchona.”
DAPHNIS HYPOTHOUS (Prare 83, Fie. 1, 1a, larva). Sphinx Hypothoiis, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iii. p. 165, pl. 285, fig. F (1782). Daphnis Hypothotis, Hibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 184. Darapsa Hypothoiis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. viii. p. 185; Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. I. C. i. p- 271, pl. 10, fig. 2, 2a. Cherocampa Hypothoiis, Boisduval, Spec. Gén. Lep. Het. p. 226 (1874).
Sap-green : forewing crossed by a broad subbasal dark sap-green curved- bordered band, and a similar coloured discal band with an oblique straight inner border and the outer border angularly produced towards the middle of exterior margin and returning abruptly inward below end of the cell, and again angled acutely on the submedian vein; beyond this band is an outwardly oblique straight narrow sap-green fascia, and on the exterior margin immediately below the apex is a triangular patch ; a small circular basal area, medial and discal interspaces between the bands pinkish olivaceous-grey powdered with sap-green scales, these scales also more prominently forming a narrow bordering line to the bands; a small black spot at base of wing, and a transverse streak traversing the pale medial area: hindwing dark brownish sap-green, the outer border dark pinkish-brown, crossed by a waved medial pinkish- grey fascia which extends irregularly up the abdominal margin. Body dark ochreous olive-brown; tegule, two basal and the anal segment above dark sap-green, the abdominal segments with a lateral oblique pale-bordered sap-green streak, the segments also narrowly white fringed; middle and front of thorax, head, and palpi dark grey, legs and antennz greyish-ochreous.
Expanse, ¢ 33, ? 4 inches.
Larva (early stage) pale green—changing to light red—with a subdorsal longitu- dinal yellow band, below which are parallel bluish-white linear streaks and lower yellow dots on sixth to eleventh segments; a blue ocellated spot on fourth segment; horn smooth. Adult stage: brighter green, with a darker dorsal line, and a purple-red sub- dorsal band bordered laterally by yellow anteriorly and by white from sixth segment, the lateral spots oblong and prominent, the dots below deeper yellow, the spiracles white, the ocellus blue; front legs red; horn purple-brown with white spiny tubercles ; anal plate also purple-brown. Before changing the larve are sulfused and blotched with dark purple-brown. Forms a loose canopy of leaves. Pupa pale purplish-red, with darker speckles, and large blackish lateral spots.
«Feeds on Cinchona.” (Thwaites.)
16 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
DAPHNIS LAYARDII* (Puiare 84, Fie. 1 ¢).
Male. Smaller than D. Hypothotis; the markings dark purple-brown and the intervening pale spaces on forewing of a redder tint, the subbasal band transversely shorter and outwardly more abruptly convex; the discal band with straighter inner and upper portion of the outer border, the lower outer portion less defined and merging into the dark discal interspace.
Expanse 24 inches.
Genus HIPPOTION. Hippotion, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 185 (1818-25). Cherocampa (part), Duponchel, Hist. Nat des Lep. France, Suppl. ii. p. 159 (18385). Metopsilus (part), Duncan, Nat. Libr. Brit. Moths, p. 154 (1836).
Forewing long, narrow, slightly arched towards end, apex acute, exterior margin very oblique, shghtly convex in the middle, posterior margin much recurved; first subcostal emitted at two-fifths and second at one-fifth before end of the cell, fifth immediately beyond end of the cell; discocellular inwardly oblique, shghtly bent beyond the middle, radial from the angle; middle median at one-sixth and lower at two-thirds before end of the cell; submedian much recurved from the base, with a lower branch one-fourth from the base: hindwing narrow, apex pointed, anal angle prominent; subcostal spur short; two subcostal branches from end of the cell; discocellular shghtly recurved, outwardly oblique, radial from the middle; cell extending more than half the wing; middle median at one-sixth and lower at one- third before end of the cell. Body stout, thorax broad; palpi pointed in front; antennee short, pectinate ; legs long (H. Celerio).
HIPPOTION CELERIO (Prate 84, Fic. 4).
Sphinx Ceiecrio, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. 2, p. 800 (1766); Cram. Pap. Exot. ii. pl. 25, f. E.
Hippotion Celerto, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 135; Stephens, Illustr. Haust. iv. p. 405.
Deilephila Celerio, Stephens, Ill. Haust. i. p. 128.
Cherocampa Celerio, Duponchel, Lep. France, Suppl. ii. p. 159 (1885); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. viii. p. 128; Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. I. C. i. p. 274, pl. 11, fig. 1, la; Boisd. Spee. Gén. Lep. Het. p. 2388.
Olivaceous-brown: forewing with a broad oblique pale brownish-ochreous band recurving from apex to near base of posterior margin, the band inwardly bordered
* Named after Mr. Edgar L. Layard, who was for several years resident in Ceylon, during Sir Emerson Tennent’s governorship, and who made a considerable collection of the Lepidopterous insects of the island. Mr. Layard’s collection formed the basis of the List of Insects enumerated in Sir E. Tennent’s “History of Ceylon,’”’ published in 1859, and contained the type specimens of the numerous new species described by Mr. Walker in the British Museum Catalogues. It would be of great service to the Author if the whereabouts of this collection could be traced, and its contents thus be made available for the present work.
CHGROCAMPIN A. 17
by two silvery-white lines ; a black submarginal line, and marginal speckled hnular lines, and three intermediate slender indistinct silvery-white lines; the veins below the cell to oblique line black, and the median to end of cell and subcostal veins lined with silvery-white; a black streak below base of the cell; posterior margin fringed with silvery-white : hindwing broadly crimson at the base, the dise black and traversed by a black-veined pinkish-ochreous fascia; outer border olivaceous-brown; cilia silvery-white. Sides of thorax, head, palpi, and legs above lilacine-white ; a dorsal and lateral row of silvery-white duplex streaks.
Expanse 24 to 3 inches.
Larva green, or purplish-brown. On fifth and sixth segments are two round black ocellated spots dotted with yellow and encircled by a yellow ring, those on fifth segment the largest; horn brown, slender and straight. Feeds on Vine.
Genus XYLOPHANES. Aylophanes, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 186 (1818-25).
Wings comparatively shorter and broader than in Hippotion (Celerio) : forewing with the first subcostal emitted at one-third and second at one-sixth before end of the cell, fifth at a short distance beyond end of the cell; discocellular oblique, nearly straight, slightly bent below the radial; middle median at one-sixth and lower at one-half before end of the cell: hindwing similar. Body more robust; palpi less projected and broader in front (X. Oldenlandice).
XYLOPHANES OLDENLANDIZ (Prarz 85, Fic. 1, 1a, larva).
Sphinz Oldenlandie, Fabricius, Spee. Ins. ii. p. 148 (1781) ; Lewin, Prod. Ent. p. 4, pl. 3; Thon, Ent. Archiv. pt. i. p. 6, pl. 1, f. 3.
Cherocampa Oldenlandie, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. viii. p. 142 (1856); Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. I. C. i. p. 278, pl. 11, fig. 4, 44; Butler, Trans. Zool. Soc. 1876, p. 559, pl. 91, f. 1; Boisd. Spec. Gén. Lep. Het. p. 242.
Xylophanes Gortys, Hiibner, Samml. Ent. Schmett. Zutriige, fig. 513-14 (1825).
Greyish olive-brown: forewing with very prominent darker brown lines extending obliquely from the apex, the three inner lines forming one dark band, the fifth and sixth line curved inward, the fifth broader than the others, the outer lines composed of speckles ; a black spot at end of the cell, and some indistinct black-speckled lunular streaks below the subcostal vein; the lower basal area and interspaces between the medial lines pale ochreous-grey: hindwing dusky brown, with a dull pale ochreous-brown submarginal fascia. Sides of thorax, head, palpi, and legs above lilacine-white ; middle of thorax grey ; two silvery-white longitudinal dorsal lines ; tegule and sides of abdomen streaked with golden-yellow scales.
Expanse 2? to 3 inches.
VOL. Il. D
18 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
Larva. Early stage. 1 inch lone; dark purple-brown, with a subdorsal row of yellow dots on second, third, and fourth segments, and-a round ocellus on fifth to eleventh segments, the fifth and sixth being dark blue, the others purple-red ; fore legs yellow; horn slender, with two yellow dots at its base. Second stage: same as preceding, the purple tint being more distinct. Third stage. Also the same, with the addition of a lateral row of yellow dots below the ocelli and a dorsal row across the segments, the anterior subdorsal row being yellow and white alternately. Adult - paler and browner in colour, minutely speckled with purple-brown; the purple ocelli paler and duller coloured ; a pale purplish line replacing the lateral and transverse dots. Pupa pale purplish ochreous-brown, blackish speckled; spiracles black.
“Feeds on Arium.” (Thwwaites.)
XYLOPHANES PRUNOSA (Prare 84, Fic. 2). Cherocampa prunosa, Butler, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 622.
Greyish purple-brown: forewing with seven dark brown narrow oblique lines, the first, fourth, and sixth most distinct and broadest; the interspaces between second and fourth, and also the lower subbasal area paler coloured; some longitudinal brown streaks from base of wing below the cell: hindwing dusky brown, greyish externally, with a slender submarginal red lunular fascia. Body dusky olive-brown; sides ot thorax, head, palpi, and tibiz above lilacine-grey, middle of thorax and dorsal streak dusky grey; femora and tarsi brown; sides of abdomen above and beneath longitu- dinally streaked with golden-yellow scales.
Expanse 2% inches.
XYLOPHANES PINASTRINA (Pratt 87, Fie. 2). Sphina Pinastrina, Martyn, Psyche, pl. 380, fig. 85 (1797), Cherocampa Silhetensis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. viii. p. 143; Boisd. Spec. Géu. Lep. Het. p. 240. Cherocampa bisecta (part), Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. I. C. i. p. 278.
Pale brownish-ochreous: forewing with a very oblique dark olive-brown broad slightly curved band extending from apex to base of posterior margin, the band traversed outwardly by a brown line and bordered by a slender ochreous-white line ; three or four indistinct brown-speckled submarginal lines; a black spot at end of the cell: hindwing dusky ochreous-brown, with a broad submarginal pale ochreous fascia. Front of thorax, head and palpi, and tegulze dark olive-brown ; sides of thorax, head, palpi, and legs above lilacine-white ; middle of thorax grey; a single silvery-white longitudinal dorsal line; tegule and sides of abdomen streaked with golden-yellow scales.
Expanse, d 24, 2 23 inches.
CHEROCAMPIN 2. 19
Genus ISOPLES. Isoples, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 135 (1818-25).
Forewing narrower than in Hippotion (Celerio) ; first. subcostal emitted at one- third and second at one-sixth before end of the cell, fifth from end of the cell ; upper end of the cell extending more than half the wing; discocellular slightly oblique and concave; middle median at one-sixth and lower at one-half before end of the cell: hindwing very narrow; cell extending nearly one-half the wing; two subcostal branches from end of the cell. Body less robust; head narrower; palpi more pointed in front ; antennz shorter (J. Theylia).
ISOPLES THEYLIA (Pratn 84, Fre. 5). Sphinz Theylia, Linneus, Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 360 (1874); Syst. Nat. i. 2, p. 803 ; Clerck, Icones, pl. 46, fig. 7, 8; Cram. Pap. Exot. i. p. 58, pl. 226, f. E. Isoples Theylia, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 135. Cherocampa Theylia, Butler, Trans. Zool. Soe. 1876, p. 556. Sphins Boerhavie, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p. 542 (1775); Sulzer, Gesch. Ins. p. 40, pl. 20, f. 3. Sphinx octopunctata, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. i. 5, p. 2386; Zschach, p. 95, No. 286.
Forewing pale brownish ochreous-erey, with nine brown oblique lines extending from the apex, the two inner lines darkest and confluent, the fifth and upper part of sixth also darker and confluent, the outer lines of a more speckled character; a black dot at lower end of the cell, and another at base of the wing: hindwing vermillion-red, with a narrow dusky brown marginal band. Body olivaceous ochreous- brown; tegule and front of thorax, head, palpi, and legs above pale lilacine-grey ; antennee brownish-ochreous ; middle of thorax ochreous-grey ; sides of abdomen and tegulz streaked with golden-yellow scales.
Expanse 2 to 24 inches.
ISOPLES RAFFLESII (Piare 84, Fie. 3). Cherocampa Raflesii, Butler, Trans. Zool. Soe. 1876, p. 556. Sphine Theylia, Cramer, Pap. Exot. i. pl. 226, f. F.
Comparatively larger, more robust, and darker coloured than I. Theylia: forewing reddish or purplish ochreous-brown ; markings similar but more prominent : hindwing of a deeper red tint, the marginal band paler and of a purplish-brown. Body much darker throughout.
Expanse 23 to 23 inches.
Genus HATHIA.
Forewing acutely pointed at the apex, exterior margin long, very oblique, shehtly convex; first subcostal emitted at one-third and second at one-ninth before end of the cell, fifth from end of the cell; discocellular slightly oblique and concave ;
D2
20 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
cell extending fully half the wing; middle median at one-sixth and lower at one-half; submedian much arched, basal branch long: hindwing short, rather broad; two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular outwardly recurved ; cell short ; middle median at one-sixth, lower at one-half. Body fusiform; thorax stout; antenne thicker than in Theretra (Nessus). (H. Clotho.)
HATHIA CLOTHO (Prats 87, Fie. 1).
Sphinx Clotho, Drury, Ilustr. Exot. Ins. ii. p. 48, pl. 28, fig. 1 (1778). Cheerocampa Clotho, Walker, Catal. Lep. B. M.-vili. p. 141 (1856); Butler, Trans. Zool. Soc. 1876, p. 561.
Pale olive-brown: forewing with a slender brown band from apex to middle of posterior margin, three parallel inner very indistinct slender lines; outer border of wing slightly brown speckled; a black dot at end of the cell, and a olack hairy spot at base of wing: hindwing dark black, the costal border and a short broad irregular fascia from anal angle dull flesh colour. Thorax, head, and palpi above darker olive- brown; a large black basal spot on each side of abdomen; sides of thorax, head, palpi, and tibia above flesh colour.
Expanse 3} to 3% inches.
HATHIA LUCASII (Pratt 86, Fie. 3). Cherocampa Lucasii, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. viii. p. 141 (1856); Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. I. C. i. p. 277, pl. 11, fig. 38, 8a ; Boisduval, Spec. Gén. Lep. Het. p. 254; Butler, Trans. Zool. Soc. 1876, p. 560.
Pale dull ochreous-brown: forewing sparsely speckled with dusky brown scales ; crossed by four oblique dusky brown equidistant lines extending obliquely from apex to middle of posterior margin, the two middle lines indistinct, the inner line broadest and slightly diffused in the middle, the outer line slightly black streaked on the veins; two or three speckled lines along outer margin; a black dot at end of the cell, and a less distinct dot near its base; a black spot at base of posterior margin: hindwing dusky black, the costal border and a short broad irregular fascia from anal angle pale ochreous-brown. Body darker ochreous-brown; sides of abdomen paler ; a dusky black lateral spot at base of abdomen; sides of thorax, head, and palpi, and legs above lilacine-white.
Expanse 23 to 3 inches.
HATHIA TENEBROSA (Pratz 86, Fic. 2, 2a, larva). Cherocampa tenebrosa, Moore, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 595.
Allied to C. Lucasti. Comparatively larger, and darker coloured : forewing dull greyish ochreous-brown; with similar markings, the oblique lines being somewhat curved in crossing the disc: hindwing blacker, with less pale anal streak.
Hxpanse 3 inches.
CHG@ROCAMPIN 44. 21
Larva pale green, with a large lateral ocellus composed of a crimson and white- bordered black spot ringed with black; a pale bordered purple subdorsal band extending from the ocellus to base of the horn; spiracles black ringed. Pupa pale ochreous, with longitudinal dusky streaks, darker spiracles, and brown segmental bands.
‘Feeds on Leea staphylea (Vitacez).” (Thwaites.)
Genus GNATHOTHLIBUS. Chromis,* Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 138 (1818-25). Gnathothiibus, Wallengren, Kongl. Vetens. Acad. Forhandl. 1858, p. 137. Forewing less triangular in form than in Hathia; eosta more arched at the end,
exterior margin less oblique, posterior margin longer and more recurved; first subcostal emitted at two-fifths and second at one-fifth before end of the cell, fifth from immediately beyond end of the cell; discocellular obliquely concave: middle median at one-fifth and lower at three-fifths before end of the cell : hindwing narrow; two subcostal branches on a short footstalk beyond end of the cell; discocellular outwardly oblique, upper end bent inward below the middle, radial from the angle ; middle median at one-sixth and lower at three-sixths before end of the cell; abdomen shorter and thicker than in Hathia; head short; antenne stout. (Type, Hrotus.)
GNATHOTHLIBUS PALLICOSTA (Prare 84, Fie. 6). Cherocampa pallicosta, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. viii. p. 145 (1856) ; Boisduval Spec. Gén. Lep. Het. p. 251 ; Butler, Trans. Zool. Soc. 1876, p. 566, id. Illust. Types, Lep. Het. iii. pl. 41, f. 2, Forewing dark purplish-ferruginous; costal edge ferruginous-yellow; posterior margin fringed with pure white; an oblique discal glaucous-bordered lunular fascia and two similar but less distinct outer fasciz, a lunate white spot at end of the cell: hindwing red, costal border yellowish; cilia pure white. Thorax dark purplish- ferruginous ; abdomen, sides of thorax, head, and palpi beneath, a central streak on thorax, and legs in front, white. Expanse, 3d 8, ¢ 32 inches.
Genus THERETRA. Theretra, Hitbner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 1385 (1818-25).
Forewing long, costa gently arched near the end, apex acute, slightly falcate at tip ; exterior margin oblique, wavy, and slightly convex; posterior margin recurved ; first subcostal emitted at nearly one-fourth, and second at one-eighth before end of the cell, fifth from some distance beyond the cell; discocellular inwardly oblique,
* Preoccupied by Cuvier for a genus of Fishes, in 1817.
22 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
concave, radial from below the middle; cell extending nearly half the wing; middle median at one-fifth and lower at three-fifths before end of the cell; submedian recurved, basal branch long: hindwing long, apex produced and pointed, exterior margin long, uneven ; cell short; subcostal spur very oblique, one-third from the base, two subcostal branches on a footstalk some distance beyond end of the cell ; discocellular outwardly oblique, upper end concave, radial from the middle; the middle median at one-fifth and lower beyond one-third before end of the cell. Body large, very robust, abdomen long; head large, projected much in front ; palpi bluntly projected in front; antenne slender (7. Nessus).
THERETRA NESSUS (Puare 865 Fic. 1).
Sphinx Nessus, Drury, Illust. Exot. Ins. ii. p. 46, pl. 27, fig. 1 (1773) ; Cramer, Pap. Exot. iii. pl. 226, fig. D.
Cherocampa Nessus, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. viii. p. 140 (1856) ; Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. I. C. i. p. 276, pl. 11, f. 2, 2a ; Butler, Trans. Zool. Soc. 1876, p. 655.
Sphinu equestris, Fabricius, Hot. Syst. iii. p. 865 (1798).
Theretra equestris, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 135.
Ochreous olive-brown: forewing tinged with olive-green along costal border; two discal contiguous narrow brown slightly irreeular lines extending from apex to middle of posterior margin, the inner line bent inward to the costa and the outer line to the apical point, followed by a parallel contiguous outer discal line which becomes indistinct at its lower end, a broader suffused fascia, and a submarginal slender waved line; before the inner line is a less distinct slender fascia which becomes more prominent and sinuous at the costal end; a blackish lunular spot at end of the cell; a black streak fringed with white at base of posterior margin: hindwing black basally, olivaceous-brown externally, traversed by an irregular brownish-ochreous submarginal fascia, which extends broadly from anal angle. Thorax, head, and palpi bright ochreous-brown; base of abdomen and a broad dorsal band dark olive-green, sides of abdomen golden-yellow; sides of thorax and head greyish-white ; legs olive-brown, white beneath ; antennze olive-brown above, white beneath.
‘larva feeds on Yam (Dioscorea).” (Gregory.)
Genus PERGESA. Pergesa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. viii. p. 149 (1856). Oreus (part), Hiibner.
Forewing narrow, arched towards the end, apex falcate, exterior margin oblique and convex in middle; first subcostal emitted at two-sixths and second at one-sixth before end of the cell, fifth from immediately beyond end of the cell ; discocellular inwardly oblique, angled inward below the radial ; cell extending to half the wing;
CHG@ROCAMPIN ZA. 23
middle median at one-fifth and lower at three-fifths; submedian basal branch short : hindwing narrow, apex convexly pointed, exterior margin very oblique, abdominal margin very short; cell extending to one-third the wing; subcostal spur short ; two subcostal branches on a footstalk at a little distance beyond the cell; discocellular outwardly oblique, angled inward above the radial ; middle median at one-sixth and lower at three-sixths before end of the cell. Body long, fusiform, abdomen slender; second joint of palpi broadly triangular, pointed in front, compact, first joint laxly clothed ; antennz moderately long, slender; legs very long. (Type, P. Acteus.)
PERGESA ACTEUS (Prats 88, Fic. 1, 1a, larva).
Sphinx Acteus, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iii. p. 98, pl. 248, fig. A (1782).
Oreus Acteus, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 186.
Pergesa Acteus, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. viii. p. 153 (1856) ; Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E.I.C.
i. p. 272, pl. 10, fig. 1, 1a (1857).
Cherocampa Acteus, Boisduval, Spec. Gén. Lep. Het. p. 257.
Forewing olive-green, the costal margin pale pinkish olive-brown, the exterior margin with a broad purplish-brown band haying an irregular inner border and longitudinally traversed by pale lunules, the olive-green middle area of the wing obliquely traversed from the apex to middle of posterior margin by darker green lines, and a broader inner darker parallel fascia which increases in width posteriorly ; a black dot at lower end of the cell: hindwing dusky purplish-brown, with a short reddish-ochreous fascia from the anal angle; cilia ochreous. Body dark olive-green, a purplish-erey dorsal band on thorax and abdomen; sides of thorax, head, palpi, and legs above purplish-grey; sides of abdomen reddish-ochreous, yellowish beneath.
Expanse 23 to 2% inches.
Larva pale olivaceous-green ; on fifth segment a large lateral blue ocellus ringed with white, green, and yellow; on sixth to eleventh segments an oval green-ringed yellowish oblique lateral spot, below each of which is an oblique whitish stripe ; a dorsal blue line on anterior segments, and a pale waved subdorsal line from the ocellus to head; horn pink ; spiracles white.
“* Feeds on Arum orixense.”
Genus ACOSMERYX. Acosmeryx, Boisduval, Spec. Gén. Lep. Het. p. 214 (1874); Butler, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 245. Forewing: costa slightly arched, apex pointed, exterior margin oblique, in the male slightly simuous and angulated outward below the apex and again in the middle; cell not extending to half the wing; first subcostal at one-third and second at one- sixth, fourth at one-fourth beyond the cell and fifth from end of the cell; discocellular convex, inwardly oblique, radial from below the middle; the middle median at one- sixth and lower at one-half before end of the cell; submedian and basal branch much
24 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
recurved : hindwing short, apex pointed, exterior margin slightly sinuous and angular in male; subcostal spur at one-half from base of cell, two subcostal branches from end of the cell; discocellular much recurved outward, radial from the middle; ceil short, extending one-third the wing; middle median at one-seventh and lower at three-sevenths before end of the cell; submedian and internal veins slightly curved. Body very robust, male with a slight tuft; head slightly tufted between the antennze; palpi convex in front; legs and antennze moderate.
ACOSMERYX CINEREA (Prate 89, Fic. 2, 2a, larva). Acosmeryx Cinerea, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875, p. 245.
Dark grey: forewing with three pale brown transverse subbasal equidistant curved narrow bands, three discal and a less distinct submarginal sinuous band, a broad oblique brown fascia crossing the latter from the costa to posterior angle, a brown zigzag streak also below the apex, and a similar brighter streak from the costa before the apex; a brown spot at end of the cell: hindwing with the apical area broadly brown. Thorax streaked above, and abdomen with oblique lateral brown streaks ; palpi and legs above brown.
Expanse 3} to 33 inches.
Larva pale olive-green, dorsally dotted with darker green; head small, anterior segments depressed from the fifth towards the head, dilated laterally and edged by a yellow-bordered black band ending at the ocellated spiracle on sides of fifth segment ; a pale-bordered purple subdorsal band extending from head to horn; below the band the green is of an emerald tint and numerously white-dotted; the spiracles black ringed; below them on sixth to eleventh segment is an oblique green stripe; horn purple, dotted with black; on fifth to eleventh segment is a dorsal purple-brown yellowish-bordered mark. Pupa thick, blunt, spiked at each end; reddish, paler beneath, with black spiracles, and abdominal rings.
* Weeds on Dillenia.” (Thwaites.)
Genus PANACRA. Panacra, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. viii. p. 154 (1856); Boisd. Spec. Gén. Lep. Het. p. 285.
Forewing narrow, apex falcate ; exterior margin convex in the middle, slightly uneven ; posterior margin recurved, first subcostal emitted at one-third, and second at one-sixth before end of the cell, fourth at one-third beyond the cell and fifth from immediately beyond the end; cell extending to half the wing; discocellular obliquely concave, radial from near lower end; middle median at one-fifth and lower at three- fifths before end of the cell; submedian and its basal branch very close together: hindwing short, narrow, apex convexly pointed; exterior margin recurved, pointed at anal angle; cell not extending to half the wing; subcostal spur emitted at beyond
CH@ROCAMPINE. 25
one-half from base of the cell, two subcostal branches from end of the cell, upper much curved at its base; discocellular deeply recurved outward, radial from the middle; the middle median at one-fifth and lower at two-fifths before end of the cell; submedian and internal slightly curved. Body stout; palpi pointed in front ; abdomen short. (Type, P. Vigil.)
PANACRA VIGIL (Ptate 87, Fic. 3, 3 a, b, larva).
Sphinx (Deilephila) Vigil, Guerin, in Delessert’s Voy. dans |’Inde, ii. p. 80, pl. 23, f. 1 (1848).
Panacra Vigil, Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. I. C. i. p. 270; Butler, Trans. Zool. Soc. 1876, p. 551. Panacra lignaria (part), Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. viii. p. 156 (1856) ; Boisd. Spec. Gén. Lep. p. 288. Sphinx phenyx, Herr. Schiffer, Samm. Aussereurop. Schmett. pl. 83, f. 478 (1850-8).
Dark greyish-brown: forewing with a broad pale ochreous-grey band obliquely undulating from apex to middle of posterior margin, the pale band traversed by four slender wavy brown lines and inwardly bordered by a dark brown irregular fascia; a dark brown streak from the apex, and speckled lunular marks along exterior margin ; costal area grey and brown speckled; a black streak below the cell, a spot at end of the cell, and base of lower subcostal branch bordered with pale ochreous-grey: hindwing dusky brown, with a slight pinkish-ochreous lunular fascia bordered outwardly with black. Cilia of both wings alternately pale ochreous-grey and dark brown. ‘Thorax above grey streaked ; side of thorax, head, palpi, and legs in front lilacine-grey ; abdomen with dark brown dorsal streak and a lateral row of pale ochreous-grey segmental streaks.
Expanse 23 to 23 inches.
Larva pale green, with a small round yellow blue-ringed ocellus, and a subdorsal whitish-bordered blue-dotted green longitudinal line to base of horn; spiracles small and centred with reddish-brown; horn purplish. Another stage: pale brownish- ochreous, with more numerous and distinct dorsal dots, and prominent black-centred ocelli, Pupa pale brownish-ochreous, indistinctly brown streaked ; spiracles blackish.
“Feeds on Pisonia aculeata.”
Genus ANGONYX. Angony, Boisduval, Spec. Gén. Lep. Het. p. 317 (1874).
Forewing arched towards the end, apex acute, exterior margin oblique and convexly angular below the apex, posterior angle pointed; first subcostal nearly one-half and second at one-seventh before end of the cell; discocellular inwardly oblique, slightly concave below the radial; cell extending more than half length of the wing ; middle median at one-fifth and lower at three-fifths before end of the cell ; submedian and its basal branch much recurved: hindwing short ; apex very convex, exterior margin angular towards the end; cell short, upper end extending
WOlby ii, E
26 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
to one-third the wing; discocellular acutely bent outward in the middle, radial from below the angle: middle median at one-sixth and lower at one-third before end of the cell. Body stout ; palpi projected in front ; antennz long.
ANGONYX TESTACEA (Prare 89, Fic. 1).
Perigonia testacea, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. viii. p. 102 (1856), ¢. Angonyx Emilia, Boisduval, Spec. Gén. Lep. Het. p. 318, pl. 8, fig. 1 (1874), ¢. Panacra Ella, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875, p. 246; Trans. Zool. Soc. 1876, pl. 92, f. 7, 2.
Dark olive-green: forewing with a medial transverse obliquely straight pale purple fascia, terminating at upper end of the cell in a purple-grey spot, the imner border of the fascia being sharply defined and the outer border diffused ; an indistinct submarginal zigzag brown fascia, and an oblique dark olive-brown shade before the apex, bordered outwardly at the costal end by a slender purple streak; cilia streaked with dark brown: hindwing dusky red, traversed by a paler red fascia, which is bordered above anal angle with a grey-speckled lunule. Thorax, head, and palpi dark olive-green ; abdomen paler, the sides tinged with red; legs tinged with red.
Expanse 2 to 23 inches.
The descriptions of both Mr. Walker and Mr. Butler were taken from unique specimens that are much faded, and therefore do not state the natural colours of this beautiful insect.
Subfamily MACROGLOSSIN A.
Imago generally with externally angulated palpi; antenne often gradually thicker from the base to the apex; thorax large and prominent ; abdomen of male always with a more or less developed anal tuft of hair-scales.
Larva with the anterior segments tapering towards the head, retractile; horn long and curved ; head rather small. (Butler.)
Genus RHAMPHOSCHISMA. Rhamphoschisma, Felder, Reise der Novara, Lep. iv. pl. 75, f. 7 (1874).
Forewing comparatively shorter and broader than in typical Macroglossa (AM. Stellatarum): hingwing also broader, exterior margin more angular. Venation similar. Body more robust, thorax and head longer, the palpi much more lengthened, pointed, and projected in front; antennz uniformly slender; abdomen with broad lateral and large anal tufts; hind tibia broadly pilose at the sides. (Type, R. rectifascia. )
MACROGLOSSIN 2. a7
RHAMPHOSCHISMA IMPERATOR (Ptarz 90, Fre. 1). Macroglossa imperator, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875, p. 248, pl. 87, fig. 4.
Forewing purplish greyish-brown, crossed by a broad black triangular antemedial band, the outer border of which is straight and erect, and a broad postmedial irregular shaped band with a slightly recurved inner border, the outer border being extended outward below the apex to exterior margin, and thence recurving to posterior margin: hindwing purple-brown, crossed by a broad orange-yellow band. Body purplish grey-brown, with a broad purple-brown streak extending from tip of paipi to base of abdomen, and a similar streak down each side of thorax; abdomen with lateral orange-yellow spots and subdorsal black‘ spots; anal tuft black; palpi beneath greyish-white ; legs purple-grey.
Expanse 24 inches.
RHAMPHOSCHISMA RECTIFASCIA (Pratt 90, Fie. 2). Rhamphoschisma rectifascia, Felder, Reise Novara, Lep. iv. pl. 75, f. 7 (1874). Macroglossa rectifascia, Boisd. Spee. Gén. Lep. Het. p. 353.
Forewing purple-brown, with a broad black antemedial band, the outer border of which is straight and slightly oblique, the basal area of the wing being dark slaty- grey ; a postmedial blackish diffused band which is darkest at the costal end and extends itself below the apex to exterior margin, the medial interspace being pale purple-brown: hindwing purplish-black, crossed by a broad medial orange-yellow band. Palpi, head, and sides of thorax above dark slaty-grey ; middle of thorax, and abdomen purple-brown; abdomen with lateral orange-yellow spots and subdorsal black spots, anal tuft black tipped with purple-brown; palpi beneath white; legs reddish-brown.
Expanse 24 inches.
RHAMPHOSCHISMA DIVERGENS (Prats 92, Fie. 2). Macroglossa divergens, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. viii. p. 94 (1856) ; Boisduval, Spec. Gén. Lep. Het. p. 355.
Forewing purplish greyish-brown, with a prominent black antemedial transverse band, the outer border of which is erect and straight, and the inner border deeply concave, the costal end being narrowest; three postmedial undulated equidistant black lines, the middle line being broadest and most distinct ; a black streak below the apex; the medial transverse interspace pale purple-grey: hindwing dark purple- brown, crossed by a narrow orange-yellow band. Middle of thorax and tegule longitudinally streaked with dark purple-brown; abdomen purple-brown, with orange-yellow lateral spots.
Expanse 2 inches. E 2
28 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
RHAMPHOSCHISMA NIGRIFASCIATA (Prats 92, Fic. 1). Macroglossa nigrifusciata, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875, p. 241, pl. 37, fig. 3.
Forewing purplish greyish-brown, crossed by a prominent black erect antemedial band which is narrowest at the costal end and the borders slightly concave; a less prominent postmedial recurved band which is angulated outwardly near the costal — end; a very indistinct submarginal line, and a black spot below the apex: hindwing with a narrow black outer border and basal streaks, and a very broad orange-yellow band. Body olivaceous-brown; palpi beneath, and legs greyish-brown ; abdomen with lateral orange-yellow spots; anal tuft interspersed with olive-brown.
Expanse 2 inches.
RHAMPHOSCHISMA GLAUCOPTERA (Prare 91, Fre. 2). Macroglossa glaucoptera, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875, p. 241, pl. 36, f. 9.
Forewing dark purplish-grey, crossed by a nearly erect antemedial dark purple- brown band which is broadest on posterior margin; a slightly recurved erect purple-brown postmedial band, and two recurved submarginal lines: hindwing dark purple-brown, crossed by a broad orange-yellow band. Body dull ferruginous olive- brown; middle of thorax, head, and palpi above purplish-grey ; palpi beneath, and lees grey; anal tuft purple-black.
Expanse 2 inches.
Genus MACROGLOSSA. Macroglossum, Scopoli, Ins. Carn. p. 414 (1777). Macroglossa, Ochsenheimer, Eur. Schmett. iv. p. 41 (1816) ; Walker; Boisd. Bombylia, Wibner, Tentamen, p. 1 (1806). Psithyros, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 182 (1818-25).
Forewing narrow, elongated; apex pointed, exterior margin oblique, slightly convex; first subcostal emitted at one-third and second at one-tenth before end of the cell, fifth from end of the cell; discocellular very oblique, slightly bent near lower end, radial from below the middle; cell extending to half the wing; middle median at one-seventh and lower at four-sevenths before end of the cell; submedian much arched, lower branch at one-fourth from the base: hindwing short, exterior margin very oblique, recurved ; cell extending one-third the wing, costal vein slightly waved ; subcostal spur at one-third from base of the cell, two subcostal branches from end of the cell; discocellular outwardly oblique, slightly recurved, radial from the middle ; upper and middle median from angles at end of the cell, lower median at one-half before the end; submedian and internal vein curved Body stout, abdomen broad, tufted at the side, anal tuft large and broad ; palpi pointed in front ;
legs rather short, thick ; antennze short, thickly clavate, finely serrate-pectinate, tip slender and setose.
MACROGLOSSIN 4. 29
MACROGLOSSA PROXIMA (Prat 91, Fie. 1 a, b, larva). Macroglossa proxima, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soe. 1875, p. 4, pl. 1, f. 1.
Forewing dark purplish olivaceous-brown; crossed by two very indistinct antemedial brown lines, and three waved postmedial lines: hindwing dark purple- brown, crossed by a bright orange-yellow band. Body dark olivaceous-brown ; abdomen with three orange-yellow lateral spots; tuft blackish, with reddish tip ; palpi beneath whitish ; legs reddish-brown.
Hxpanse 23 inches.
Larva dark violet-brown, dorsally white dotted; a subdorsal anterior and posterior yellow streak ; spiracles duller coloured, and a white lower spot on eighth to twelfth segment; horn long, recurved, tuberculated. (Another stage.) Pale violet- brown, with yellowish and olive-brown transverse dorsal lines and yellow lateral spots; a purple-brown dorsal line, the ends being ochreous ; spiracles yellow-bordered, and a lower yellow spot on ninth to eleventh segment; horn short, tuberculated. (Adult stage.) Dark purple-brown, yellow dotted; a pale ochreous dorsal fascia; large pinkish lateral spots splashed with yellow; horn short, tuberculated. Pupa pale purplish-ochreous, black dotted; spiracles and lateral streaks on wing-cases black.
** Feeds on Morinda umbellata.” (Thwaztes.)
MACROGLOSSA TAXICOLOR (Prate 90, Fic. 3, 3a, larva). Macroglossa taxicolor, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1879, p. 387.
Forewing grey-brown; crossed by a broad antemedial and a postmedial ferru- ginous olivaceous-brown band, the inner band narrowest at the costal end, the outer band angular on its external border, and broadest at the costal end; a very indistinct submarginal dusky black waved line, and a prominent black subapical spot: hind- wing dark ochreous-brown, crossed by a broad orange-yellow band. Body ferruginous olive-brown, with black-bordered orange-yellow lateral spots; anal tuft purplish- black.
Expanse 13 to 2 inches.
Larva. (Harly stage)—Olive-yellow, greenish beneath; minutely white dotted; a subdorsal row of black slender linear streaks, the caudal streak white-bordered beneath ; spiracles white bordered with black. (Adult)—Green, darker spotted; an indistinct darker subdorsal line ending in a yellow streak at base of horn. Pupa pale olivaceous ochreous-yellow ; head and wing-cases minutely black streaked ; spiracles large, black.
** Feeds on Memecylon.” (Thwaites.)
30 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
MACROGLOSSA INSIPIDA (Pxare 92, Fic. 3 a, }, larva). Macroglossa insipida, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875, p. 242, 2.
Forewing purplish slate-colour; crossed by two short basal dull purple-brown bands, a curved broader complete brighter-coloured antemedial band, two recurved postmedial dusky black lines, and two less distinct waved submarginal lines, the latter interrupted below the apex by a short black quadrate streak; interspace between the postmedial lines, and above the quadrate spot washed with purple- brown: hindwing dark purple-brown, crossed by a broad orange-yellow band. Thorax, head, palpi, and legs above purplish slate-colour; tegula purplish-brown edged with grey; abdomen paler purplish-brown with orange-yellow lateral spots and purplish-black anal tuft; palpi beneath white.
Expanse liz to 14% inch.
Larva. (Harly stage)—Dull dirty yellowish olive-green, dotted with darker colour ; with a dark sap-green subdorsal line and lateral stripes; horn dusky. (Adult)—Pale red, with dark purple-red dots; a duplex subdorsal line, and lateral stripes; horn black. Pupa pale reddish-ochreous, minutely black dotted; spiracles black.
MACROGLOSSA AFFICTITIA (Prater 99, Fic. 3). Macroglossa afictitia, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875, p. 240, pl. 36, fig. 7.
Forewing purplish-brown; crossed by an indistinctly darker antemedial band and three deeply waved postmedial lines obliquely crossed by a darker shade; a dark spot also below the apex: hindwing dark ferruginous-brown, crossed by a distinct bright ferruginous band. Body olivaceous greyish-brown; abdomen with orange- yellow lateral spots, and slight subdorsal greyish-black spots, tuft greyish-black ; palpi whitish beneath, legs greyish-brown.
Expanse 2 inches.
Nearest allied to MW. Vialis.
MACROGLOSSA VIALIS (Prater 93, Fre. 2). Macroglossa Vialis, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875, p. 240, pl. 36, f. 5.
Allied to M. gyrans. Comparatively smaller: forewing similarly marked, except that the two antemedial lines are interspaced with black and forming a conspicuous band, the contiguous transverse area being pale purplish-grey: hindwing deeper ferruginous-red, with a slight dusky brown base and distinct broad marginal band.
Hxpanse 1; to 14% inch.
MACROGLOSSA GYRANS (Prater 98, Fic. 1). Macroglossa Gyrans, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. viii. p.91(1856); Boisduval, Spec. Gén. Lep. Het. p.336.
Forewing greyish purplish-brown, crossed by two black subbasal and two antemedial undulated lines, three postmedial outwardly angulated lines; the subbasal
MACROGLOSSIN 2. 31
and outer postmedial line indistinct; a slight black short streak below the apex: hindwing ferruginous-red, with shghtly darker brown marginal border. Body greyish purplish-brown ; sides of three basal segments ferruginous-red, anal segments black streaked; tuft black, frmged with white at the base.
Hxpanse 14 to 18 inch.
Genus CEPHONODES. Cephonodes, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 131 (1818-25). Potidea, Wallengren, Ofvers. Kongl. Vet. Akad. Forhandl. 1858, p. 189. Sesta (part), Fabricius.
Forewing shorter than in Hemaris (H. fuciformis), costa much less arched towards end, exterior margin long, very oblique, posterior margin shorter ; second subcostal emitted immediately before end of the cell, fifth at some distance beyond the end; no scaled pseudo-vein emitted within the ceil; submedian much arched, its
basal branch confluent: hindwing broader, apex more rounded; cell very short, extending only to about one-eighth of the wing; two subcostal branches on a long footstalk beyond the cell; discocellular inwardly concave, radial from the middle ; two upper medians on a very long footstalk one-third beyond the cell; lower at a short distance before end of the cell; submedian and internal vein curved. Body large, broad, very compactly clothed; palpi clothed with adpressed scales; antennz
slender. (ype, C. Hylas.)
CEPHONODES HYLAS (Prare 93, Fie. 4 a, 6, larva).
Sphinx Hylas, Linneus, Mant. i. p. 539 (1771). Sesia Hylas, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. iii. 1, p. 379 (1793) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. viii. p. 84;
Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. I. C. i. p. 260, pl. 8, f. 1, la.
Cephonodes Hylas, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 131.
Sphinx Picus, Cramer, Pap. Exot. ii. p. 83, pl. 148, fig. B (1779).
Wings transparent, hyaline, purplish-olivaceous ; the veins, costal border, and a very slender apical band purplish-black; base of anterior and posterior margins of both wings covered with olive-green scales. Body olive-green, anal segments yellowish-olive, the fourth and frequently also the fifth anal segment banded with chestnut-red ; each segment more or less black margined and fringed with white; anal lateral tuft black; palpi white, streaked with black in front; legs ochreous- white, streaked with brown above; tarsi brown.
Expanse 24 to 23 inches.
Larva. (arly stage)—Pale bluish-green; second segment yellow dotted; a subdorsal black-dotted duplex line; a lateral row of black transverse spots; spiracles and abdominal line, and legs brownish-ochreous ; head blue-green ; horn with black eranular dots. (Adult)—Brighter green, with a white-bordered blue dorsal line, and
32 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
whitish subdorsal line ending in a yellow streak at base of horn; head and spiracles blue. Pupa pale violet brown.
“Feeds on Gardenia.” (Thwaites.)
Family AGARISTIDZ. Forewing long; hindwing rather broad. Antenne long, slender, thickened towards the tip. Flght diurnal. Larva elongate, somewhat’ antenuating anteriorly ; head small; slightly pilose. Pupa in a slight cocoon beneath surface of the earth.
Genus A{GOCERA. Agocera Latreille, Gen. Crust. et Ins. iv. p. 211 (1809) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M.i. p. 55; Boisd. Monogr. Agar. p. 24.
Wings small: forewing elongated ; costal and subcostal veins wide apart; first subcostal emitted at one-third and second at one-sixth before end of the cell, second trifid ; fifth from end of the cell and touching third near its base, sixth from below the fifth at a short distance beyond the cell; discocellular angulated outward below the middle, upper end concave, radial from the angle; two upper medians from angles at end of the cell, lower at one-sixth before the end; submedian recurved from the base: hindwing rather broad; costal and subcostal joined together to one-fourth from their base ; two subcostal branches from end of the cell ; discocellular deeply concave, radial from the middle ; two upper medians from end of the cell, lower at one-eighth before the end; submedian and internal vein straight. Body moderately long, slender, tu. d at the apex; head small, pilose in front; palpi shehtly ascending, first and second joints thickly pilose beneath, third joint long, cylindrical, compactly scaled ; antennze long, thickened towards the tip ; femora and tibize moderately pilose beneath.
4EGOCERA VENULIA (Prats 94, Fic. 1). Phalena Venulia, Cramer, Pap. Exot. ii. p. 107, pl. 165, f. D (1779). Bombyx Venulia, Fabricius, Suppl. Ent. p, 158. Aigocera Venulia, Latreille, Gen. Crust. et Ins. iv. p. 211; Crochard, edit. Regn. Anim. Ins. pl. 148, f. 1; Boisduval, Monogr. Zyg. p. 13, pl. 1, f 3; Monogr. Agar. p. 25; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. i. p. 55.
Forewing brown, densely speckled with grey scales ; traversed by a longitudinal yellowish-white angulated band, which is indented at the upper end of the cell, and terminates before reaching the exterior margin, the band is also bordered outwardly by a red streak, and encloses a black spot below the cell; a red line along exterior
AGARISTID Ai. 33
margin: hindwing orange-yellow, with a reddish-brown marginal band, and a blackish dentate discocellular spot. Head and thorax hoary-brown, longitudinally streaked with yellowish-white; abdomen orange-yellow, with slight black dorsal spots; palpi yellowish-white, with the second joint at the side, and tip of third joint black; legs orange-yellow, with black bands; antenne black.
Expanse,; ¢ 12,, $ 1445 inch.
ZGOCERA BIMACULA (Pirate 94, Fie. 2). 4igocera bimacula, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M.i. p. 57 (1854); Boisd. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1874, p. 54; Butler, lust. Types Het. B. M.i. p. 11, pl. 5, fig. 4 (1877).
Forewing dark purple-brown, very sparsely speckled with yellow scales; a pale yellow longitudinally expanding streak from the base, an oblique band extending across the cell to near submedian vein, and a similar oblique band beyond the cell ; the basal streak sometimes broken, and the bands somewhat constricted in the middle ; in the female these markings are broadest: hindwing chrome-yellow, with a dark purple-brown, broad, waved, submarginal band, a large spot at upper end of the cell, and a spot beneath it beyond the lower end. Thorax and head dark purple-brown, with a yellow streak down the tegule, centre of thorax, and side of frontal tuft; palpi yellow, with a lateral blackish band on second joint and on tip of third; legs yellow, fore and middle legs and tarsi of hind lees with black bands; abdomen yellow, with some dorsal and lateral black spots.
Expanse, 6 13, ¢ 13 inch.
Genus EPISTEME: Episteme, Hibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 179 (1818-22). Eusemia, Dalman, Prodr. Monog. Castnie, p. 26 (1825); Duncan, Nat. Libr. Exotie Moths, p. 86 ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. i. p. 46; Boisd. Rey. et Mag. Zool. 1874, p. 81.
Forewing long, triangular; exterior margin slightly convex, posterior margin long; first subcostal emitted at nearly one-half before end of the cell, second from end of the cell, quadrifid ; discocellular deeply concave, oblique; radial from upper end of the cell; three upper medians from angles at end of the cell, lower at one- fourth before the end; submedian almost straight: hindwing short, apex convex; costal vein extending to apex; two subcostal branches at some distance beyond end of the cell; discocellular concave, slightly bent in the middle, radial from the angle ; two upper medians from angles at end of the cell, lower at one-fourth before the end ; submedian and internal vein straight. Thorax and head pilose; abdomen squamose, long; palpi ascending, second joint reaching to near vertex, first and second joints laxly pilose in front, the hairs very long in male, third joint naked, cylindrical; legs long, femora slightly pilose beneath; antennz long, slender, thickened towards the tip.
VOL. IL. F
34 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
EPISTEME NIGRIPENNIS (Prate 94, Fic. 3, 4). Eusemia nigripennis, Butler, Annals of Nat. Hist. 1875, p. 140.
Bluish purple-black: forewing with a large sulphur-yellow quadrate spot obliquely across middle of the cell, and another beneath it, two smaller spots beyond upper end of the cell and two beyond the lower end; a subapical curved series of six small bluish-white dentate spots; some bluish-grey speckles at base of the wing: hindwing with two subapical and two lower small bluish-white spots; a small vermillion-red spot at anal angle. Thorax with four small sulphur-yellow spots in front; lower part of abdomen beneath vermillion-red; first and second joints of palpi with a lateral white spot.
Expanse 23 inches.
Family ZYGENIDZ.
Wings long, narrow. Antenne in typical genera simple, much thickened towards the tip; pectinated in some. Flight diurnal.
Larva short, fusiform, very sparsely clothed with short hairs arising from slight tubercles; in some the hairs are long and in fascicles, Pupa in a narrow densely- silken cocoon.
Subfamily SYNTOMINA:.
Forewing without a discoidal veinlet in the cell; one submedian vein.
Genus SYNTOMIS.
Syntomis, Ochsenheimer, Schmett. Eur. ii. p. 103 (1807).
Amata, Fabricius, Syst. Gloss. (Illiger’s Mag. vi. p. 289 (1807)).
Coenochromia, et Eutomis, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. pp. 121, 122 (1818-25).
Forewing long, narrow, triangular; first and second subcostal branches from end
of the cell, second four branched; discocellular bent abruptly outward near upper end, concave hindward, radial from the angle; two upper medians from lower end of the cell, second at one-seventh, and first, or lower, at one-third before the end; sub- median much recurved: hindwing short; subcostal arched in the middle; disco- cellular obliquely concave ; two upper medians from acute angle at lower end of the cell, the lower median at one-fourth before the end. Body long, smooth, thorax slightly pilose; palpi pilose, laterally flat and broad; legs long, smooth; antennze smooth, thickened in the middle. (S. Phegea.)
SYNTOMIS GEORGINA (Prate 95, Fis. 2, 2).
Syntomis Georgina, Butler, Journ. Linn. Soe. Zool. xii, p. 845 (1875). Purple-brown : forewing with a small hyaline yellowish-white spot at the base below the cell, a large quadrate spot below end of the cell, a triangular spot at end of
ZYGANIDE. 35
the cell, a small contiguous spot above and another below the latter—the upper and sometimes the lower being obsolete; three subapical spots—the upper small, the lower geminated: hindwing with a large quadrate hyaline white basal spot below the cell, and a small spot below its end. Collar and two bands on abdomen ochreous- yellow ; tip of antenne, and first joint of tarsi whitish.
Expanse 1 to 14 inch.
SYNTOMIS CYSSEOIDES (Prats 95, Fie. 1, @). Syntomis Cysseoides, Butler, Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool. xii. p. 346 (1875).
Similar to S. Georgina: forewing with a hyaline white basal spot, two medial and three apical spots, the basal and upper apical largest, the lower apical smallest : hindwing with the outer spot widely separated from the basal. In the female these spots are also larger, this sex also showing a very small spot below the cell.
Expanse 1 to 12 inch.
SYNTOMIS ARTINA (Pirate 94, Fic. 4,3). Syntomis Artina, Butler, Journ. Linn. Soe. Zool. xii. p. 347 (1875).
Purple-brown : forewing with a hyaline lengthened spot in middle of the cell, a small spot beneath it, an oblique Spot above submedian, a conjoined spot on middle of the disc, and two above near the costa: hindwing with a small hyaline spot at end of the cell, one beyond it, and a large one below the cell; all conjoined, Front of head, collar, and two bands on the abdomen yellow.
Expanse, $ 1; ? 13 inch.
SYNTOMIS PASSALIS. Zyyena Passalis, Fabricius, Spec. Ins. ii. p. 159 (1781). Syntomis Creusa, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iii. pl. 248, fig. F; Boisduval, Monogr. Zyg. p. 121, pl. 7, fig. 7; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. i. p. 123 (nec Linn.).*
Syntomis Latreille’, Boisduval, 1. c. p. 117, pl. 7, fig. 5, 2 (1829).
Male and female glossy greenish purple-black: forewing with a small hyaline white spot near the base below the cell, a larger oblique spot beyond, one at end of the cell, two on middle of the dise, the upper one being minute in the male, and a single spot near the costa above ; at base of the wing is a slight golden-yellow streak : hindwing with a single hyaline spot between middle and lower medians, this spot being very small in the male. Body metallic-blue; two golden-yellow streaks on middle of thorax, and a similar band on each segment of abdomen.
Expanse, é 12, 2 14 inch.
“Colombo. In gardens. Generally found hanging to the leaves of the Bamboo.” (Hutchison.)
* Linnzus’ Sphinx Creusa (Clerck, Icones, pl. 46, fig. 5) is a species of Euchromia=Z£. irus, Cram. pl. 368, fig. a. F 2
36 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
SYNTOMIS MONTANA (Prare 94, Fie. 5, 9). Syntomis montana, Butler, Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool. xii. p. 349 (1875).
Differs from 8. Passalis in being larger: forewing with similarly disposed but larger-sized hyaline spots in both sexes: hindwing with a much larger discal spot, and also with an inwardly oblique constricted spot below the cell. Bands on thorax and abdomen wider and more brilliant in colour.
Expanse, o 13, ? 14 inch.
Genus ERESSA. Eressa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus. i. p. 149 (1854). Trianeura, Butler, Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool. xii. p. 353 (1875).
Forewing lengthened, triangular, broad; cell extending two-thirds the wing; first subcostal emitted at one-eighth before end of the cell, five branched, the second ascending about one-third and fifth descending at one-half beyond the cell; radial from end of the cell; discocellular bent inward in the middle, emitting a slender discoidal veinlet within the cell from the angle; two upper median branches from contiguous angles at end of the cell, second at one-fifth, and first (or lower) at one- half before end of the cell; submedian recurved: hindwing short, narrow ; costal margin slightly folded over (apparently from the costal vein) on upperside for half its. length; cell broad, extending to half the wing; subcostal one branched; discocellular bent in the middle, emitting a slender discoidal veinlet within the cell; three median veins, the middle median emitted at one-sixth and lower at one-third before end of the cell. Body long, slender, clothed with short hairs; abdomen laterally tufted ; palpi short, stout, laxly squamose, porrect ; legs thick, roughly squamose, hind tibie tumid; antenne strongly bipectinated. (H. confinis.) |
ERESSA CONFINIS (Prare 95, Fic. 6, ¢). Glaucopis (Eressa) confinis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus. i. p. 149 (1854).
Brown: forewing with a broad transparent white medial irregular-shaped broad band, composed of an oval spot between the veins: hindwing with a similar trans- parent medial band. Thorax with two yellow spots ; abdomen with a dorsal and lateral row of yellow spots, anal tuft in female whitish,
Expanse 1 to 1} inch.
ERESSA SUBAURATA (Prater 95, Kia. 4, 3). Glaucopis subaurata, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B, M. i. p. 149 (1854). Trianeura subaurata, Butler, Journ. Linn. Soe, Zool. xii, p. 354 (1875). Brown: forewing with a transparent white lengthened spot within the cell, two beneath it, and four on the disc beyond: hindwing with a similar transparent spot —
ZYGANIDA. 37
within the cell, a large one beneath it, and two smaller spots beyond. Two yellow spots on the thorax; abdomen with a dorsal and lateral row of very small tufted yellow spots; legs pale brown.
Expanse + inch.
Very similar to H. confinis, but a much smaller insect.
Subfamily ZYGASNINZ&.
Forewing with a discoidal veinlet in the cell; two submedian veins.
Genus PROCOTES. Procotes, Butler, Journ. Linn. Soe. Zool. xii. p. 355 (1875).
Forewing long, narrow, exterior margin oblique; cell long, narrow, extending two-thirds the wing; first subcostal branch bifid, emitted at one-sixth before end of the cell, third, fourth, and fifth from end of the cell; discocellular obliquely concave, emitting a slender discoidal veinlet within the cell, radial from upper end ; two upper median branches on a foot-stalk half length beyond the cell, second from angle close to end of the cell, lower at one-sixth before the end; two submedians, lower slender : hindwing long, narrow, apex pointed, exterior margin very oblique; costal vein extending to near apex; subcostal slender, curved upward to costal from end of the cell and terminating at the apex, second branch bent downward and outward; disco- cellular bent inward, emitting a short slender discoidal veinlet within the cell from the angle and the radial from above the angle; cell large, broad; three upper medians on a foot-stalk descending at equal distances apart beyond the cell, lower branch at a short distance before end of the cell; submedian and internal vein nearly straight. Body short, stout; palpi short, thick, squamose; antennze slightly bipecti- nated ; legs short, thick, smooth, middle and hind tibiz furrowed, apical spurs on hind
tibize short, no middle spurs.
PROCOTES DIMINUTA (Prats 95, Fie. 3). Euchromia (Endera) diminuta, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus. pt. i. p. 230 (1854). Procotes diminuta, Butler, Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool. xii. p. 355 (1875).
Metallic bluish-green: forewing with a transparent whitish streak from base below the cell, one at end of the cell, a spot beyond the cell and another below its end: hindwing with a transparent whitish streak extending from base below the cell to the subcostal vein.
Expanse 1,> inch.
38 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
Genus CALLIZYGAINA. Callizygena, Felder, Reise Novara, Lep. iv. pl. 83, f. 4 (1868-74). Forewing long, narrow, exterior margin oblique: hindwing somewhat pointed at the apex. Body long, extending half length beyond the wings; antenne bipectinated.
CALLIZYGHNA NIVIMACULA (Pirate 95, Fic. 5). Callizygena nivimacula, Felder, Reise Novara, Lep. iv. pl. 83, f. 4 (1868-74).
Wings purplish grey-brown: forewing with a slender white streak from the base below the cell, and a white spot at end of the cell: hindwing whitish at the base. Body darker purplish-brown; collar and two bands on abdomen crimson.
Expanse 175 inch.
Described from Dr. Felder’s figure.
Genus PHACUSA. Phacusa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus. i. p. 150 (1854); Butler, Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool. xii. p- 359 (1875).
Forewing long, narrow, triangular; exterior margin very oblique; cell long, extending two-thirds the wing; first subcostal emitted at one-eighth before end of the cell, second and third from the end, third bifid at half its length, fifth from slight angle immediately below base of the third; discocellular slightly bent near lower end, radial from near the angle; a discoidal veinlet emitted within the cell; two upper medians from angles above end of the cell, second at the end, first, or lower, at one-eighth before the end; two submedians at equal distances apart : hind- wing short, narrow; cell broad, extending half the wing; subcostal one branched; discocellular bent outward and inward, radial from upper angle, and a discoidal veinlet emitted within the cell from lower angle; two upper medians from angles - above end of the cell, second from the end, first, or lower, at one-sixth before the end ; two submedians and an internal vein at equal distances apart. Body slender, extending half beyond the wings, tufted at anus; palpi minute; legs rather slender ; antenne thickly bipectinated, the pectinations plumose. (P. tenebrosa.)
PHACUSA THORACICA (Pate 95, Fic. 7). Phacusa thoracica, Moore, Annals of Nat. Hist. 1877, p. 348.
Wings transparent: forewing with narrow purple-black costal and hind border, a broad band at the apex, a triangular patch on exterior margin, and a broad spot at end of the cell: hindwing with narrow purple-black anterior and outer borders. Head and thorax above purple-black ; hind part of thorax above and entirely beneath brilliant red; abdomen steel-blue above, green below. Antenne with white tip. Femora brown ; tibie and tarsi varied blue and green.
Expanse 1,5 inch.
ZYGAINIDA, 39
Genus EUCHROMIA. Euchromia, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 121 (1818-25); Butler, Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool. 1875, p. 363. Euchromia (Phalanna), Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus. i. p. 218 (1854).
Forewing long, narrow, exterior margin very oblique; first and second subcostals emitted from end of the cell, second quadrifid; cell narrow, extending more than half length of the wing; discocellular concave, bent close to subcostal, emitting a very slender discoidal veinlet within the cell, radial recurved downward from the angle ; three medians from angles at lower end of the cell, lower median at one-sixth before the end, much curved downward; two submedians, upper very slender, lower extending close to posterior margin : hindwing narrow, apex pointed; costal absent; subcostal running close along the margin; cell broad, extending more than half the wing; two subcostals from acute end of the cell; discocellular very concave, radial from the middle, very slender or obsolete ; two median branches from acute lower angle of the cell; submedian slightly curved, internal straight. Body long, extending much beyond hindwings; palpi porrect, small, first jot pilose beneath, second and third squamose; antenne long, bipectinated; legs long, smooth. (H. sperchius.)
EUCHROMIA POLYMENA (Prarz 94, Fic. 6, 6a, larva). Sphinx Polymena, Linneus, Syst. Nat. ii. p. 806 (1767) ; Drury, Exot. Ins. i. pl. 26, fig. 1; Cramer, Pap. Exot. i. pl. 138, f D. Euchromia Polymena, Butler, Journ. Linn. Soe. Zool. xii. p. 364 (1875). Euchromia (Phalanna) Polymena, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus. i. p. 219. Phalanna Polymena, Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. I. C. ii. p. 327, pl. 14, fig. 8 a, b.
Wings purplish-brown: forewing with three broad ochreous-yellow transverse bands, each divided by black veins; an indistinct blue spot at base of the costa and a similar spot at end of the cell: hindwing with two similar bands. Body and legs purplish-black; collar, and band on first, fourth, and fifth segments of abdomen scarlet, the third, fourth, and sixth segments with a lateral blue streak; front of head white.
Hxpanse 1 to 2 inches.
Larva reddish, anterior and posterior segments smallest; the segments with two dorsal and two lateral rows of darker red tubercular spots; from the lateral spots radiate a few short black hairs, and from the dorsal dense tufts, those on the fourth to twelfth segments long. Pupa dark purple-red; in a lax hairy and silken cocoon.
* Feeds on Convolvulacee.”’ (Thwaites.) “Colombo. Plains; on cultivated ground, during N.E. Monsoon. Flies by day; easily captured.” (Hutchison.)
40 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
Family CHALCOSIIDA.
Wings long, rather broad: forewing with a discoidal veinlet emitted within the cell; two submedian veins. Antenne thickly bipectinated to tip in male, less pecti- nated and more or less flabellate at tip in female. Flight diurnal.
Larva short, thick; tubercular; with two or three short fine hairs arising from
each. Pupa in a densely-silken cocoon.
Genus TRYPANOPHORA. Trypanophora, Kollar, in Hiigel’s Kaschmir, iv. 2, p. 457 (1844).
Wings partly diaphanous: forewing elongated, narrow, apex acute, exterior margin oblique; costal vein thick at the base; first subcostal emitted at one-fourth and second at about one-tenth before end of the cell, third trifid, the radial beng thrown off from below third close to the base; discocellular inwardly oblique; emitting a slender pseudo-vein within the cell; cell long, extending three-fourths the wing; four median branches at nearly equal distances apart, the lowest being emitted at nearly one-third before end of the cell; two submedian veins much recurved: hindwing narrow; apex convex, exterior margin very oblique, slightly concave in middle; costal and subcostal confluent from near base, and joined to apex of wing; no sub- costal branch ; discocellular bent outward in the middle, emitting a slender pseudo- vein within the cell; radial from the angle; cell extending four-fifths the wing; four median branches at nearly equal distances, lower being emitted at two-fifths before end of the cell; two very slender submedians and an internal vein. Thorax rather stout, abdomen extending half length beyond hindwings, ovipositor exserted in female; antenne long, bipectinated in male, minutely bipectinated and thickened at the tip in female; head flat in front, palpi very small; proboscis long; legs smooth. (T. semihyalina.)
TRYPANOPHORA TAPROBANES (Prats 95, Fia. 8 9, 8a, larva). Trypanophora taprobanes, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus. ii. p. 485 (1854).
Forewing bluish purple-brown, with a broad subapical transparent macular patch: hindwing blue, the anterior border purple-brown. Head and legs purple- brown; antenne purple-blue.
Hxpanse ? 14 inch.
Larva dark purple-brown, short, thick ; third to sixth seements with two dorsal and two lateral rows of short sparsely-haired tubercles, the lower lateral tubercle on second segment longer and clavate; a lateral yellow blotch on tenth and eleventh segments. Pupa pale reddish-ochreous ; in a yellowish dense silky cocoon.
“* Feeds on Lagerstremia.” (Thwaites.)
CHALCOSIID 4. 41
Genus SEPHISA. Eterusia, Hope, Trans. Linn. Soe. 1840, p. 445; Westw. Arcana Ent. p.19; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. ii. p. 427. Heterusia,* Boisd.; Doubleday ; Butler.
Forewing long, narrow ; costa much arched, exterior margin very oblique ; cell ex- tending three-fourths the wing; first subcostal emitted at two-eighths and second at one-eighth before end of the cell, third quadrifid, the fourth bemg thrown off at one- third before its end, the fifth at two-fifths before its end, and the sixth (or radial) at one-fifth from its base beyond end of the cell; discocellular bent acutely inward in its middle, emitting a discoidal veinlet within the cell; two upper medians on a foot- stalk one-fourth beyond end of the cell, second at one-tenth, and first (or lower) at one-fourth ; two submedians, upper much arched: hindwing somewhat long, abdo- minal margin short; costal vein extending to apex; subcostal very slender, joined to costal by a short minute spur at one-fifth before end of the cell, two branches emitted from contiguous angles at end of the cell; discocellular short, bent inward, emitting a discoidal veinlet within the cell; two upper medians from angles at end of the cell, second at nearly one-fourth and first (or lower) at two-fifths before the end; two straight submedians and a much curved internal vein. Body narrow, male slightly tufted and female with exserted ovipositor ; head conical in front; palpi very minute; legs long, slender, smooth; antennz very long, bipectinated, the pectinations of equal length to the tip in male, in female short to near the tip, where they widen.
SEPHISA CINGALA (Pirate 96, Fie. 1, 2). Eterusia cingala, Moore, Annals of Nat. Hist. 1877, p. 343.
Male and female: forewing dark sap green, with a broad basal whitish blue- bordered band, crossed by a blackish-green streak; a discal zigzag series of yellowish spots, and a larger spot at end of the cell: hindwing with the base and a broad outer band black, the ves and marginal border steel-blue; a series of yellowish spots before the apex, which are indistinct in the male; middle band pale yellow. Thorax and base of abdomen in male steel-blue, lower part of abdomen yellow, tip black; antenne black, shaft steel-blue. Underside as above, veins blue lined.
Expanse, d 2, ¢ 24 inches.
Larva short, thick, anterior segments broadest, head small; ochreous-brown, the segments with six or seven rows of black tipped tubercles, from which spring two or three short black hairs. Pupa pale ochreous-yellow beneath, pinkish and spotted above, in a narrow dense pale ochreous cocoon.
“Feeds on Lagerstreemia, &c.” (Thwaites.) In jungle. Low country.” (Hutchison.)
* Previously used by Hiibner, Zutr. Exot. Schmett. pt. 3. p. 18 (1825). VOL. Il. G
42 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
Genus SCAPTESYLE. Scaptesyle, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. ii. p. 378 (1854).
Forewing narrow, costa arched, exterior margin short, slightly oblique, posterior margin long, straight; first subcostal emitted at about one-third and second at one- sixth before end of the cell, third trifid; cell extending two-thirds the wing; disco- cellular bent outward near upper end, slightly concave below, radial from the angle, a slender discoidal veinlet emitted within the cell; two upper medians on a foot-stalk one-third beyond end of the cell, second at a short distance, and first (or lower) at about one-third before the end; an apparently slender upper submedian and a lower submedian: hindwing triangularly oval; costal and subcostal veins united to half length of the cell, two subcostal branches on a foot-stalk half beyond the cell; cell extending two-thirds the wing; discocellular bent outward below the middle, the radial from the angle; a slender discoidal veinlet emitted within the cell; two upper medians on a foot-stalk half beyond the cell, the next (or lower) at one-fifth before the end; two submedians and an internal vein, the upper submedian very slender. Body extending beyond hindwings in male, smooth, tufted in female ; palpi smooth, porrect, slender; legs long; antennz slender, minutely bipectinated in male. (S. tricolor.)
SCAPTESYLE BICOLOR (Prare 96, Fre. 2, 3). Scaptesyle bicolor, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. Suppl. p. 182 (1864). Dichromia Nietneri, Felder, Reise Novara, Lep. iv. pl. 106, f 25 (1868-74). Indian-yellow : forewing with a broad apical transverse purple-brown band and a shght basal band: hindwing with a similar broad apical band. Body purple-brown ; collar yellow; anal tuft greyish-ochreous ; palpi white tipped; legs with white bands; antennes purplish-brown. Expanse, d 13, ? 13 inch. ““Puselawe. Hills, 3000 feet, on cultivated ground; during S.W. Monsoon.” (Hutchison.)
Genus HETEROPAN: Heteropan, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. ii. p. 440 (1854).
Wings very small ; ciliaprominent: forewing almost rectangular ; exterior margin short, erect, posterior margin as long as costal; subcostal vein widely separated from the costal; cell extending more than two-thirds the wing; first, second, and third subcostal branches at equal distances apart, first emitted at one-third before end of the cell, third trifid; radial from below base of third; discocellular bent inward in the middle, emitting a very slender discoidal veinlet within the cell; three upper medians from angles at end of the cell, lower at one-eighth before the end ;
CHALCOSIID A. 43.
two submedians, the upper very slender: hindwing triangularly oval; costal vem extending to near apex; subcostal two-branched, first emitted at one-sixth before end of the cell; discocellular bent acutely inward in the middle, emitting a slender discoidal veinlet within the cell from the angle, radial from upper end contiguous to subcostal; two upper medians from angles at end of the cell, the two lower at equal distances apart, the lower at one-sixth before end of the cell; two submedians and an internal vein. Body small, short, slender ; head very small; palpi porrect, very slender, proboscis long; legs slender; antennz bipectinated, the shaft thickened towards tip, pectinations short and broad.
HETEROPAN SCINTILLANS (Pirate 96, Fic, 3), Heteropan scintillans, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus. ii. p. 441 (1854).
Forewing pale dull silvery-grey ; the exterior margin and cilia metallic cupreous- black: hindwing paler bluish-grey, exterior border and cilia cupreous-grey. Thorax, head, and legs silvery-grey, abdomen and antenne blue.
Expanse ? inch,
Genus CYCLOSIA. Cyclosia, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 177 (1818-25).
Forewing elongated, triangular, costa very convex, apex pointed; upper end of the cell extending two-thirds the wing and lower end to three-fourths; first subcostal branch very short, jomed to the costal, emitted at one-fourth before end of the cell, second at one-twelfth, third quadrifid, the fourth emitted at one-fifth, the fifth from near end of fourth and extending to below the apex, the sixth (or radial) being thrown off from below the third at about one-fifth beyond the cell; discocellular very oblique, bent inward near upper end, emitting two short discoidal veinlets within the cell, the upper from angle of discocellular, the lower at halfway below it. botb joined together at one-third beyond and extending singly to base of the cell; two upper medians from contiguous angles at end of the cell, second at one-sixth, first (or lower) at one-third before end of the cell; two submedians, upper curved: hindwing short, triangularly oval; cell extending beyond two-thirds the wing, very oblique from first subcostal branch; costal vein extending to apex; subcostal slender, first branch very short, emitted at one-fifth before end of the cell and joined to costal; disco- cellular very oblique, radial from its middle, a discoidal veinlet emitted within the cell; two upper medians from wide angles at end of the cell, second at one-fifth, and first (or lower) at two-fifths before end of the cell; two submedians and an internal vein. Body short; palpi short, porrect, slender; legs smooth; antennz bipectinated.
G2
44 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
CYCLOSIA PANTHONA (Prare 97, Fia. 1, la, g 2, 10, larva). Phal. Geom. Panthona, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iv. p. 68, pl. 822, f. C (1782). Cyclosia Panthona, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 177 ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. ii. p. 417.
Greenish-black. Both wings with an exterior marginal white macular band. Body steel-blue ; antennz black, shaft steel-blue.
Expanse 13 to 34 inches.
Larva short, thick, ochreous-yellow; third to twelfth segments with eight or nine rows of tubercular black spots, each spot tipped with white and two or three fine short black hairs; second segment and head brown; legs black; a row of minute black dots between the lateral rows of tubercles. Pupa ochreous-yellow ; in a dense oval reddish cocoon.
“ Larva feeds on A. Lindleyana.” (Thwaites.)
Genus CHALCOSIA, Chalcosia, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 173 (1818-25) ; Walker, Catai. Lep. Het. B. M. ii. p. 420. Milleria (part), Boisduval; Herr. Scheffer.
Forewing elongated, cell extending four-fifths the wing, broadest before the end; first subcostal emitted at one-fourth, second at one-ninth before end of the cell, third bifid at one-half beyond the cell, fifth from base of third at end of the cell; disco- cellular bent outward near upper end and acutely inward below the middle, the radial from upper angle, and a slender discoidal veinlet emitted within the cell from lower angle; two upper medians from angle-at end of the cell, second at one-ninth and first (or lower) at two-ninths before the end; two submedians, upper much arched : hindwing rather broad, exterior margin very convex; cell extending beyond two- thirds the wing, fusiform ; costal vein very slender, extending to apex; first subcostal branch very short, emitted at nearly one-third before end of the cell and joined to costal; discocellular bent as in forewing, radial from upper angle, a discoidal veinlet emitted within the cell from lower angle; two upper medians from angles at end of the cell, second at one-fifth and lower at one-third before end of the cell; two sub- medians and an internal vein. Body short; head small; palpi small, porrect, short, not extending beyond eyes; legs smooth; antennze bipectinated. (C. pectinicornis.)
CHALCOSIA PRETIOSA (Pirate 96, Fie. 4, ¢). Chalcosia pretiosa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. Suppl. p. 116 (1864).
Male: forewing golden-green, the outer veins interspaced with a blue-bordered black streak ; a narrow interrupted white band crossing the disc; two minute white upper apical spots and one similar lower dot: hindwing pale purplish-blue. Thorax golden-green, abdomen blue; collar and front of head carmine; antenne blue.
Expanse 1} inch.
CHALCOSIIDE, 45
CHALCOSIA QUADRIFASCIATA (Piate 96, Fie. 5, 3).
Male: forewing greyish metallic-green, with broad black interspaces between the veins externally; a transverse medial angulated yellowish-white band, the lower base of the wing also yellowish-white: hindwing greyish-blue, with a broad yellowish- white angulated transverse band extending from costa obliquely below the apex; interspaces between the external veins black. Body metallic-green.
Expanse 1% inch.
CHALCOSIA VENOSA (Prats 97, Fie. 2; 2a, $3). Chalcosia venosa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. ii. p. 422 (1854).
Male. Yellowish-white: forewing with the apieal area, the base of costal border and a broad irregular oblique antemedial band extending across middle of the cell and disc to submedian vein brilliant golden-green, with a blue-bordered black inter- vening streak between the veins: hindwing with a metallic blue-black marginal band with crenulated inner border. Female: forewing with the apical and medial irregular band somewhat narrower, thus leaving a broader transverse oblique discal space ; apical band traversed by a narrow yellowish-white streak: hindwing with a black upper apical spot and a very indistinct smaller lower spot. Thorax and palpi steel- blue; abdomen cupreous-brown above, yellowish beneath; legs yellowish beneath, bluish above; collar and head above carmine, antenne steel-blue.
Expanse, ¢ 13, ? 12 inch.
CHALCOSIA SIMILATA (Prare 97, Fic. 3, 3a, 3 9).
Allied to C. venosa. Male differs on forewing in having a broader pale yellow transverse medial discal area, pale yellow spots traversing the apical band, and the antemedial band broken. On the hindwing the marginal border is somewhat broader. Female differs from same sex of O. venosa in having the antemedial band represented by a small spot within the cell and a geminated lower spot. On the hindwing the two apical spots are of the same size.
Expanse, d ¢ 12 inch.
CHALCOSIA AFFINIS (Prare 98, Fic: 2, 2). Gynautocera afinis, Guér. Menéville, Delesserts, Voy. Ind. p. 86, pl. 24, f. 2 (1848).
Male and female: forewing golden-green, crossed by a pale yellow angular medial band, the posterior and anterior areas streaked with blue-black between the veins ; two minute yellowish upper apical spots, and two similar lower apical spots: hindwing pale yellow, with a blue-black apical band. Thorax cupreous; abdomen blue or greenish-cupreous; collar and top of head carmine; antennz blue; lees yellow beneath, blue above.
Expanse, ¢ 13, ¢ 2 inches.
46 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
Genus AMESIA. Amesia, Westwood, Arcana Ent. p.19 (1841); Duncan, Nat. Libr. Exot. Moths, p. 93 (1852).
Forewing elongated, apex convex; cell extending two-thirds the wing; first subcostal short, joined to subcostal, emitted at two-sevenths, and second at one- seventh before end of the cell, third quadrifid, fourth thrown off at more than one- third before its end and terminating at the apex, fifth at two-thirds, and sixth (or radial) at a short distance from base of third beyond end of the cell; discocellular bent acutely mward before the middle, recurved hindward, emitting two short dis- coidal veinlets within the cell; two upper median branches frem angles at end of the cell, second at one-tenth, and first (or lower) at one-third before the end; two sub- medians, both somewhat bent towards each other below the lower median, and there joied together by a cross-vein: hindwing triangularly oval; costal vein extending to apex ; subcostal slender, first branch of subcostal very short and joined to costal, emitted at one-fourth before end of the cell; discocellular slightly bent outward and inward before the middle, emitting a discoidal veinlet within the cell from the inner angle, and the radial from the outer angle; two upper medians from angles at end of the cell, upper very close to radial, second at one-ninth, and first (or lower) at one-third before end of the cell; two submedians, and a curved internal vein. Body slender, head small, projecting in front; antennz long, bipectinated; palpi short,
thick; legs long, slender. (A. sanguiflua.)
AMESIA MIDAMA (Pirate 98, Fre. I, la, F 9). Epyrgis midama, Boisd.; Herr. Scheffer, Lep. Exot. pl. 2, f. 7 (1858) g.
Male purplish-black: forewing with one, or two, small yellowish-white spots within end of the cell, two beyond the end, a submarginal rew of five and a marginal row of eight oval white spots; the apical and marginal areas between the spots washed with glossy-blue: hindwing with a marginal upper row of blue-bordered very minute white spots, and two or three yellowish-white subapical spots. Female differs in all the spots being more distinct, with two additional spots on the dise of forewing; a submarginal row and two spots within the cell on hindwing, the blue colour being confined to bordering the marginal spots.
Expanse, 3 22, 2 3 inches,
“Colombo and Kandy. Plains and up to 2000 feet in forest and waste land. Slow flier ; easily caught; settles on bark of trees. Flies by day.” (Hutehison.)
' NYCTEMERID A. 47
Family NYCTEMERID.
Wings somewhat short, broad; no discoidal veinlet; one submedian vein in forewing. Antenne pectinated. Flight diurnal.
Larva elongated, cylindrical, clothed with slight tufts of fine hair, the anterior pair fasciculate. Pupa in a light silken cocoon.
Genus NYCTEMERA. Nyctemera, Hibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 178 (1818-25). Orphanos (part), Hiibner, U. ¢. 306 (1825-27) ; Herr. Scheffer, Aussereurop. Schmett. p. 14 (1858). Leptosoma, Boisduval.
Forewing short, somewhat narrow; exterior margin slightly oblique; cell extending about two-thirds the wing; first subcostal emitted at one-sixth before end of the cell; second at one-twelfth, bifid; fourth trifid, ascending to third and anastomosed to it to within half its length, fifth from immediately below its juncture with the third, and the sixth (or radial) from near its base beyond end of the cell; discocellular bent inward; two upper medians from angles at end of the cell, second at one-eighth, and first (or lower) at three-eighths before end of the cell; submedian curving downward from the base: hindwing short, broad, exterior margin convex ; cell extending two-thirds the wing; subcostal joined to costal to one-fourth from its base; two subeostal branches on a foot-stalk one-fourth beyond end of the cell; dis- cocellular bent inward before the middle; two upper medians from angles at end of the cell, second at one-eighth and lower at three-eighths before end of the cell; submedian and an internal vein straight. Body short; palpi porrect, first joint laxly pilose, second and third squamose, slender, second joint extending half beyond the head, third joint nearly as long as second; legs long, slender, smooth; antenne bipectinated. (N. lacticinia.)
NYCTEMERA LACTICINIA (Puare 99, Fic. 1, 1a, larva). Phat. Geom. Lacticinia, Cramer, Pap. Exot. ii. pl. 128, fig. E (1779). Nyctemera Lacticinia, Hibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 178; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. ii. p. 395 ; Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. 4. C. ii. p. 331, pl. 14, fig. 10, 10a.
Male and female : ferewing dark smoky-brown, with an oblique discal yellowish- white macular band extending from costa to near the posterior angle, and a short basal streak on posterior margin: hindwing white, with a broad brown marginal band. Head and thorax ochreous-erey, black spotted; abdomen grey with narrow black dorsal segmental bands and lateral spots, tip ochreous ; palpi ochreous, black tipped; antennee black, shaft brown; legs brown above, white beneath.
Hxpanse, ¢ 14, ? 1? inch.
48 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON,
Larva dull red, with a dorsal and two lateral rows of radiating tufts of fine black hair arising from black tubercles. Pupa dull red.
“Colombo. Plains; in gardens. Day flier. Easily caught.” (Huwtchison.)
NYCTEMERA LATISTRIGA (Prate 99, Fic. 2,3). Nyctemera latistriga, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. ii. p. 897 (1854). Leptosoma latistriga, Butler, Types Lep. Het. B. M. v. p. 44, pl. 88, fig. 1 (1881).
Male and female: forewing dark smoky-brown, with an oblique discal white macular band, and a broad longitudinal band beneath the cell; the veins and margin above and below the latter band white streaked: hindwing white, with a broad dark brown marginal band, Body ochreous-grey ; head and tip of abdomen ochreous; head and thorax black spotted, abdomen with black dorsal bands and lateral spots; antenne black ; paipi black tipped; legs blackish above, yellowish beneath,
Expanse 14 inch.
NYCTEMERA NIGROVENOSA (Prate 98, Fic. 4, 2, 4a, larva). Nyctemera nigrovenosa, Moore, Proe. Zool. Soc. 1879, p. 394.
Allied to N. coleta, Cram. (Exot. Lep. pl. 368, f. H), from Java; differs on the forewing in the discal maculated band being somewhat narrower ; and on the hind- wing in the veins being lined with black throughout, both above and beneath.
Expanse 12 inch.
Larva purple, anterior segments yellowish; black spotted; hairy; crossed by short dorsal and lateral white streaks. Pupa yellow, black spotted.
“ Feeds on Gynura, and other Composite.” (Thwaites.) “ Puselawe. Hills, 3000 feet, on cultivated ground. Day flier.” (Hutchison.)
Genus DONDERA. Dondera Moore, Annals of Nat. Hist. 1877, p. 345.
Forewing elongate, narrow, costa arched, apex somewhat acute, exterior margin very oblique: hindwing long and narrow, extending beyond angle of forewing, apex very convex, abdominal margin short. Body moderate; antennew long, slender, hipectinated; palpi slender, porrect, naked; legs long, slender, naked, middle and hind tibia spurred. Venation similar to Nyctemera lacticinia.
DONDERA ABLA (PrateE 98, Fig. 3, 3}. Dondera alba, Moore, Annals of Nat. Hist, 1877, p. 349, Female. Upperside pure white throughout both wings. Head, thorax, and
CALLIDULID.. 49
palpi with black spots; abdomen and body beneath pale ochreous, with broad black dorsal segmental bands and lateral spots. Underside uniform greyish-brown, the cilia being white.
Expanse 2 inches.
Genus CUROBA. Curoba, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. Suppl. p. 272 (1864). Lucharia (part), Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 181 (1818-25).
Forewing elongated, exterior margin short, slightly convex, posterior margin long; cell extending two-thirds the wing; first and second subcostal branches emitted near end of the cell, second trifid, fifth from end of the cell, and looped to third for a short distance near its base, sixth (or radial) from end of the cell: disco- cellular oblique ; two upper medians from angles at lower end of the cell, second at a short distance, and lower at two-fifths before end of the cell; submedian almost straight: hindwing triangularly oval, exterior margin very convex; cell broad, extending two-thirds the wing; costal vein extending to apex; subcostal joined to costal to one-fourth from the base; two subcostal branches from end of the cell; discocellular slightly bent in the middle; two upper medians from angles at end of the cell, second at one-eighth, and first (or lower) at about one-third before end of the cell; one submedian and an internal yein. Body short, slender; palpi porrect, second joint extending much beyond the head, laxly squamose beneath, third joint shorter than second, pointed ; antenne bipectinated ; legs slender, smooth.
CUROBA SANGARIDA (Prats 99, Fie. 3, 3a, 2). Phal. Noct. Sangarida, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iv. fig. D (1781). Eucharia Sangarida, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 181. Phal. Noct. Mopsa, Drury, Exot. Ins. iii. pl. 3, f. 3 (1782). Curoba fasciata, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. Suppl. p. 272 (1864).
Forewing dark olivaceous-brown, with an oblique subapical yellowish-white band extending from costa to posterior angle: hindwing carmine, the basal area brown ; a black waved discal band and vein-streaks extending to outer margin. Cilia brown. Body brown above, yellowish-carmine beneath; basal joint of palpi with carmine spots; antenne and lees brown.
Expanse 12 inch.
“Puselawe. Hills, on cultivated ground. February. Very rare.” ( Hutchison.)
Family CALLIDULIDA. Wings short, broad; cell open in hindwing, and in some genera the exterior margin is more or less angulated in the middle. Flight diurnal. Larva unknown. VOL. IL. H
50 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
Genus CLEOSIRIS. Tetragonus,* Hiibner-Geyer, Zutr. Exot. Schmett. pt. iv. p. 17, f. 653 (1832). Cleostris, Boisduval, Spee. Gén. Lep. i. pl. 23, f. 3 (1886).
Wings short, very broad, quadrangular m outline: forewing acutely angular at the apex ; costal vein extending two-thirds the wing; first subcostal emitted at two- thirds before end of the cell, second and third emitted close together near end of the cell, third bifid, the fourth being thrown off from below at one-sixth from its base, fifth from end of the cell: discocellular slender, bent outward at one-third from its upper end, radial from the angle; cell broad, extending nearly one-half the wing ; two upper median branches from angles above end of the cell, second from angle close to the end, first (or lower) at one-half before the end; submedian slightly recurved: hindwing produced to angle in middle of exterior margin; costal vein curved downward from the base and then arched to the apex; two subcostal branches emitted at one-tenth from the base, the first touching the costal; cell open; lower or first median branch emitted at twice the length from beyond opposite the subcostal branches, second and third at thrice the length, the radial (or upper median) starting from midway between the lower and second branches ; submedian and internal vein straight. Body slender, short; palpi porrect, first and second joint thick, laxly squamose, second joint extending half length beyond the head, third joint long, of the same length as the second, cylindrical, slender, naked ; antennz slender, setose; legs short, rather thick, tibiz thickened.
CLEOSIRIS CATAMITA (Prater 99, Fic. 4, 4a). Tetragonus Catamitus, Hiibner-Geyer, Zutrage Exot. Schmett. pt. iv. p. 17, fig. 653-4 (18382). Cleosiris Cutamita, Boisduval, Spec. Gén. Lep. i. pl. 23, fig. 3; Doubleday and Westw. Gen. D. Lep. ole 70% tio ©),
Brownish-ferruginous: forewing with an indistinct yellowish-ferruginous waved subapical fascia: hindwing umformly coloured. Underside ferruginous-yellow, numerously covered with slender red confluent strigee, which, across the wings, form a slight fascia from apex of forewing to middle of abdominal margin of hind- wing, and a less defined similar outer fascia; three small ferruginous-brown ocellated spots within each cell, the spots white centred.
Expanse, 3 ? 13 to 1$ inch.
Family LITHOSIIDA.
Wings generally very long and narrow., Antenne more or less finely pectinated. Larva elongated, head large; hairy; pupa in a slight, hairy, silken web.
* Vetragona and Tetragonum previously used.
LITHOSIIDA. 51
Subfamily HYPSIN A.
All the genera in this subfamily possess a peculiar stridulatory apparatus in both sexes. This is distinctly visible on the upperside of the posterior margin of the fore- wing, and as viewed from the wnderside of the wing appears as a short oval nacreous cavity, situated between the submedian vein and the extreme margin, along the upper edge of which projects a raised longitudinally oblique fold, which is smooth in some, and transversely scabrous in others; and on the wpperside of the hindwing is a patch of scabrous scales, or a short transverse outwardly curved raised scabrous bar, which, by the motion of this wing, probably plays upon the raised fold over the edge of the cavity, and produces a stridulating sound.
Genus HYPSA. Hypsa, Hiibuer, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 172 (1818-25); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. ii. p. 449.
Forewing elongated ; costa arched towards the end, apex acute, exterior margin very oblique, posterior margin somewhat convex; cell extending beyond half the wing ; first subcostal emitted at nearly one-half before end of the cell, second at one- fifth, bifid at one-fourth from its base, fourth from end of the cell, bifid, and anasto- mosed to third near its base, the fifth bee thrown off from below before the juncture; discocellular slightly bent close to upper end, radial from the angle; three upper medians from angles at end of the cell, lower at one-third before the end; submedian much recurved: hindwing short; exterior margin convex; costal vein extending to apex; subcostal bent upward at one-third from its base and joined to costal by a short spur; cell extending nearly one-half the wing; two subcostal branches from end of the cell; discocellular slightly oblique and concave; three upper medians from angles at end of the cell, lower at one-third before the end. Body moderately stout and short; palpi ascending, long, slender, second joint reach- ing to vertex, third joint nearly as long as second, cylindrical, slightly clavate at tip; antennz very finely bipectinated; legs squamose. (H. silvandra.)
HYPSA PERSECTA (Prare 100, Fre. 1, ?, 1a, larva). Hypsa persecta, Butler, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1875, p. 317.
Forewing greyish-brown, with a broad creamy-white longitudinal medial area, and a large spot above end of the cell; base of wing pale ochreous with black dentate spots: hindwing creamy-white, with a narrow greyish-brown marginal band; a black spot at end of the cell, and a discal series of three spots. Thorax and head pale ochreous, thorax black spotted ; abdomen brighter ochreous-yellow, with slight and indistinct blackish dorsal. rings, and lateral spots; palpi with black bands; legs black streaked above.
Expanse 2 to 2# inches.
52 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
Larva cylindrical ; head large; very sparsely hairy; dark purple-brown ; second and third segments pale red; a transverse narrow yellow band on fourth to last segment. Pupa dusky red.
Genus DAMALIS. Damalis, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 172 (1818-25); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. ii. p. 458.
Wings broader than in Hypsa. Body stouter; palpi more slender, and longer ; antennee less pectinated.
DAMALIS ALCIPHRON (Pxare 102, Fre. 1, 1a; 2). Phal. Att. Alciphron, Cramer, Pap. Exot. ii. pl. 188, f E (1777). Hypsa Alciphron, Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. I. C. ii. p. 292, pl. 18, fig. 6, 6a. Noctua Carice, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. iii. p. 27 (1793); Donovan; Ins. N. Holl. pl. 89, f. 2. Hypocrita v. Carica, Hiibner, Samml. Exot. Schmett. i. pl. 191, fig. 1-4 (1806). Damalis Carice, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 172. Hypsa (Damalis) Carice, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. ii. p. 454.
Forewing ochreous greyish-brown ; veins ochreous-white ; base of wing ochreous- yellow, and marked by five small black spots, two being on the costa and three below them; an ochreous-white spot at lower end of the cell: hindwing ochreous-yellow, with a black spot at end of the cell, two discal spots beyond, and a more or less perfect outer discal series decreasing to anal angle. Body ochreous-yellow; a black spot on tegule, and a slight spot at juncture with base of the wing; a more or less dorsal and lateral row of spots on abdomen; tip of first and second joints and entire third joint of palpi black; legs with black bands.
Expanse 2 to Qt inches.
Larva cylindrical; each segment with a few very slender scattered hairs. Black above, brownish beneath ; two longitudinal white dorsal bands, a small ocellus on each segment, and lateral black spots; head red; front legs black, middle and hind lees reddish-brown. Pupa dark reddish-brown.
“ Feeds on Ficus oppositifolia.” (Thwaites.)
DAMALIS PRODUCTA (Prater 101, Fie. 1, la, g , larva). Hypsa producta, Butler, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1875, p. 3820.
Larger and with longer forewings, and antennz more distinctly bipectinated than D. Alciphron: forewing greyish-ochreous; veins creamy-white; basal yellow area larger and with six black spbts, three on the costa and three below; discoidal spot larger but less prominent: hindwing with the spots larger, the outer series complete and regular; spots on abdomen also regular.
Expanse 12 to 28 inches.
LITHOSTIDA, 53
Larva cylindrical; head large; dorsally tuberculated from fifth to last segment ; sparsely hairy ; purplish-brown, paler on anterior segments above; some pale lateral spots; a dorsal blackish line and oblique cross bars on penultimate segments. Pupa dusky red.
Genus LACIDES: Lacides, Walker, Catal. Lep: Het: B. M. ii. p. 456 (1854). Wings shorter and broader than in typical Hypsa: forewing less produced at the apex, exterior margin more convex: hindwing more convex. Cells longer; the venation similar. Antenne of male more strongly bipectinated. (L. Ficus.)
LACIDES FICUS (Pirate 100, Fie. 2). Noctua Ficus, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. iii. p. 27 (1793). Hypsa (Lacides) Ficus, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. ii. p. 456. Hypsa Ficus, Moore, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. ii. p. 293, pl. 13, fig. 8, 8a:
Forewing ochreous greyish-brown; veins creamy-white; with a less distinct intervening streak between the veins; base of costa, the cell, and basal area ochreous- red, ornamented with creamy-white spots and black streaks and spots: hindwing ochreous-yellow, with a prominent black spot at end of the cell, and a recurved discal series of almost confluent spots. Thorax ochreous-red, with a creamy-white collar and streak across the tegula; and below the latter a black spot; abdomen ochreous- yellow, with slight black dorsal and lateral spots; legs and palpi with black bands:
Expanse 2 to 24 inches:
Genus MIGOPLASTES. Migoplasies, Felder, Verh. Zool. Bot. Gesell. Wien, 1868, p. 285. Pachyphilona, Butler, Trans. Ent. Soe. Lond. 1875, p. 325.
Forewing elongated, almost oval; costa much arched towards the end, exterior margin slightly oblique; cell long; extending two-thirds the wing; first subcostal branch emitted at one-sixth, and second at one-twelfth before end of the cell, second bifid, fourth bifid, emitted from end of the cell and touching third near its base, fifth from below its juncture with the third; discocellular concave, radial from slight angle at its upper end; three upper medians from angles at end of the cell, lower at nearly one-half before the end; submedian extending near margin, slightly recurved : hindwing short, broad, apex and exterior margin convex; cell extending nearly two- thirds the wing ; two subcostal branches emitted at a short distance beyond the cell; discocellular bent in the middle; three upper medians from angles at end of the cell, lower at nearly one-half before the end. Body moderately stout; palpi porrect, first and second joints laxly squamose, ascending to vertex, third cylindrical, half length of the second; antennz of male thickly bipectinated; lees long, smooth.
54 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
MIGOPLASTES CEYLONICA (Prater 100, Fie. 5, &). Migoplastes Ceylonica, Felder, Verh. Zool. Bot. Gesell. Wien, 1868, p. 285. Philona correcta, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus. Suppl. i. p. 217 (1864). Pachyphilona correcta, Butler, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1875, p. 325.
Forewing ochreous greyish-brown; crossed by two narrow very indistinct slightly darker brown waved medial discal fasciz; two black basal spots: hindwing ochreous-yellow. Thorax ochreous greyish-brown ; tegulz and collar black spotted ; abdomen ochreous-yellow, with a dorsal and two lateral rows of black spots ; second and third joints of palpi blackish ; legs fuliginous-brown in front; antennee fuligmous, shaft ochreous.
Expanse 23 inches.
** Peradenia.” (Helder.)
Genus DIGAMA. Digama, Moore, Catal. Lep. E. I. C. ii. p. 298 (1858); P. Z. S. 1878, p. 4.
Forewing narrow: first branch of subcostal long, free; second at a considerable distance before end of the cell, trifurcate; fifth from near end of the cell, curved upward and looped to third at one-third its length; radial from end of the cell; discocellular nearly erect ; median vein four-branched, upper from end of the cell, second and third from angles near its end: hindwing short, with two subcostal branches beyond the cell ; discocellular curved outward, oblique; four median branches, three upper from end of the cell. Below the submedian vein on the underside of the forewing is a short longitudinal cayity, along the upper edge of which projects a raised transversely scabrous narrow bar, and on the upperside of the himdwing is a short transverse outwardly curved raised scabrous bar, so placed that, by the motions of this wing, it evidently plays across the longitudinal bar on the forewing, and produces a stridu-
lating sound. DIGAMA INSULANA (Prater 100, Fic. 3, 2).
Digama insulana, Felder, Verh. Zool. Bot. Gesell. 1868, p. 285; Butler, Trans. Ent.- Soc. 1877, p. 863 ; Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 5. D. Hearseyana (part), Moore, Catal. Lep. E. I. C. ii. p. 298, pl. 7, f. 3, ¢ (1858).
Male and female. Upperside: forewing pale grey-brown, basal spots prominent : hindwing ochreous-yellow, male with a grey-brown marginal streak and female with a short marginal spot situated near the middle. Head and thorax pale grey-brown, black spotted ; abdomen ochreous, with dorsal black spots; antennee brown im male ; legs black banded above; palpi with terminal black bands. Underside paler; both wings with a black spot at end of the cell.
Expanse 1} inch.
“Colombo. Plains, in grass land. At all times common; constantly starting up from the grass and weeds by the roadside.” (Hutchison.)
LITHOSIID 42. 55
DIGAMA FASCIATA (Prater 100, Fic. 4,9). Digama fasciata, Butler, Trans. Ent. Soe. 1877, p. 362.
Forewing lilacine-grey ; two black dots at the base, three lunate spots on the costa, two small spots in the cell, a sigmoidal streak at its end, a dot beyond it, a less distinct transverse zigzag fascia, some spots below the cell, and a larger splash near the base: hindwing straw-yellow. Thorax, head, palpi, and legs lilacine-grey, black spotted ; abdomen yellow, with dorsal and lateral black spots.
Expanse 1+5 inch.
Subfamily LITHOSIIN A,
No stridulatory apparatus. Some genera with a glandular sac covered by a recumbent plumose lappet on costal border.
Genus GAONISTIS. Gonistis, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 165 (1818-25); Butler, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1877, p. 356; Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 13.
Forewing: first subcostal branch long, free; second arising from near end of the cell, third from its end, trifurcate ; radial curving from end of the cell; disco- cellular bent in the middle; median vein four-branched, two upper from end, third from angle before end of the cell: hindwing—two subcostal branches immediately beyond end of the cell; two upper median branches from beyond and third from end of the cell.
C:/0NISTIS ENTELLA (Prare 101, Fie. 2, ¢). Phal. Tinea Entella, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iii. p. 27, pl. 208, f. D (1782). G@onistis Entelliola, Hiitbner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 165. Lithosia Entella, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. ii. p. 495. G@onistis Entella, Moore, Proc. Zool.’ Soc. 1878, p. 14. Noctua Delia, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. iii. 2, p. 25 (1798).
Forewing straw-yellow, with a metallic purplish-blue costal band, a transverse medial hatchet-shaped band, and a subapical reversely similar band: hindwing paler yellow. Body straw-yellow, tegule and middle of thorax, legs and palpi above, metallic purplish-blue; antennze brown.
Expanse 13 inch.
Genus BRUNIA. Brunia, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soe. 1878, p. 15.
Forewing long, narrow; first branch of subcostal vein short, oblique, anasto- mosed to the costal, second starting from angle close before end of the cell, trifurcate, fifth from end of the cell and leoped to third branch at its base; discocellular bent below the middle, upper end angled close to subcostal; radial from angle; two
56 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
upper median branches at half length beyond end of the cell: hindwing long, apex produced ; two branches of subcostal vein at one-third beyond the cell, and two median branches at two-thirds beyond. Palpi ascending, pilose beneath.
BRUNIA ANTICA (Prarz 101, Fie. 3). Lithosia antica, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. ii. p. 505 (1854). Brunia antica, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 15, pl. 1, fig. 9.
Forewing pale purplish-grey, darkest at the base; costal border yellow: hind- wing pale straw-yellow. Body yellow: tegule and middle of thorax, front of head, tip of palpi, legs above, and antennz purplish-grey.
Expanse 1+ inch.
Genus KATHA. Katha, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 16.
Wings clothed with stout compact imbricated scales. Male: forewing long, very narrow; costa nearly straight, apex rounded; exterior margin slightly oblique ; posterior margin recurved, convex near the base; slightly folded longitudinally below the median vein; cell long, narrow; discocellular bent outward at upper end and inward at lower end; first branch of subcostal vein at some distance before end of the cell, short, oblique, and anastomosed to costal; second short, arising beyond end of the cell; third trifureate, its lowest branch at equal distance between second and fourth; radial starting from upper angle of discocellular; two upper branches of median vein at half distance from end of the cell; submedian recurved: hindwing long, broad; two subcostal branches at one-third from cell; discocellular slightly bent inward; two median branches at one-half distance from the cell and wide apart. Palpi rather short, pilose at base, porrect. Antennz minutely pectinated. Legs long, rather stout. Body long, extending beyond hindwing. (K. nigrifrons.)
KATHA BREVIPENNIS (Prare 101, Fie. 4). Lithosia brevipennis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus. ii. p. 509 (1854).
Forewing pale mealy brownish-ochreous : hindwing pale yellow. Body brownish- ochreous; front of head, legs, and abdomen aboye greyish-ochreous; palpi with blackish tip.
Expanse 1 inch.
Genus CAPISSA. Capissa, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 19.
Forewing long, narrow, costa arched before the apex, exterior margin oblique and convex, hind margin slightly convex near the base. Male with a longitudinal fold below the cell, where the seales are raised and rough; cell short, narrow ;
LITHOSIIDAL. 57
discocellulars of equal length, bent inward ; first subcostal branch very short, oblique, anastomosed to costal; second immediately before end of the cell; third at its end and trifurcate; radial from beyond end of the cell, starting from the third branch of subcostal near its base; median vein straight, three-branched, two upper from beyond end of the cell; submedian shghtly recurved: hindwing long, broad, apex produced, the male having the scales on the disc raised and rough; two subcostal and two median branches beyond end of the cell; discocellular bent inward, upper end longest. Body long, slender, extending beyond hindwing. Antenne minutely pecti- nated in male, setose in female; palpi prominent, pilose at base, apex slender; legs long, slender. CAPISSA FASCIATA (Prater 102, Fic. 2, ¢ ). Capissa fasciata, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 20, pl. 1, fig. 4, ¢.
Male. Upperside ochreous-yellow: forewing with a brown-speckled fascia along the posterior border and about the disc; hindwing and base of abdomen pale yellow. Antenne, apical joint of palpi, and legs above brown.
Expanse 1s inch.
Genus DOLGOMA. Dolgoma, Moore, Proce. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 20.
Male and female. Wings moderately long and broad: forewing with the sub- costal vein five-branched, first branch curving upward but free from costal, second starting before end of the cell, curved upward, third trifureate, lowest branch at one- third its length beyond the celi; upper end of discocellular erect, lower oblique and bent inward; radial starting from the middle; two upper median branches at less than one-fourth from end of the cell, lower branch angled and with a slight spur near its base: hindwing—subcostal branches at one-third and median branches at half distance beyond the cell.
DOLGOMA OBLITTERANS. Lithosia oblitterans, Felder, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. 1868, p. 285.
Greyish-ochreous : forewing with the costal border paler ; an indistinct blackish curved fascia beyond the middle: hindwing paler ochreous.
Expanse 1? inch.
Genus TEGULATA. Tegulata, Walker, Trans. Linn. Soc. 1862, p. 110; Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 22.
Female: forewing with a convex protuberance on middle of the costa; apex pointed; first subcostal branch short, anastomosed to costal, second from angle before end of the cell, third trifurcate, lowest or fifth branch nearest base; disco- cellular angled at each end; radial from upper angle below end of the cell; median vein three-branched, two upper one-third beyond the cell.
VOL. Il. I
58 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
TEGULATA BASISTRIGA (Pxate 102, Fic. 3). Tegulata basistriga, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 22, pl. 11, f. 5.
Female. Upperside pale luteous-brown: forewing brightest at the apex ; slightly brown speckled ; a black streak along base of costal edge and along base of posterior margin: hindwing pale brownish-fawn colour externally. Underside darker; legs brown above.
Expanse 1 inch.
Genus GAMPOLA: Ganpola, Mocre, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p: 26.
Male. Wings short, broad, truncate at the apex: forewing arched towards the end, apical angle acute, exterior margin nearly erect, posterior angle convex and fringed; costal edge at the base folded over and fringed for a short distance; cell long and narrow, folded beneath the median vein; subcostal at some distance from costal, five-branched, first short, anastomosing with costal but free at its end, second arising at some distance before end of the cell, third trifurcate, the upper branch at one-third beyond the cell; discocellular bent below the middle, outwardly oblique, upper end longest; radial from the argle; median vein bent upward near end of the cell, top branch from upper angle, second from lower, third from before half length of cell: hindwing quadrangular; two subcostal and two upper median branches from one-third beyond the cell, lower median from half its length. Antenne finely pectinated; palpi small, porrect ; lees slender; naked, middle and hind spurred. Body slender, short. Female. Wings longer, not truncate at apex: forewing not folded; veins as in male, excepting that the hmdwing has, apparently, only one upper median branch.
GAMPOLA FASCIATA (Prare 102, Fie. 4, 4a, ¢ 2): Gampola fasciata, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 27, pl. 11, fig. 18, ¢.
Male. Upperside: forewing pale brownish-ochreous, brown speckled, the speckles composed of dark stout scales forming a fascia below the cell and across the disc: hindwmg and underside paler. Head, thorax, and abdomen fuliginous- brown, anal tuft slightly ochreous. Palpi brown at tip. Legs slightly brown above. Female : forewing not brown speckled; with an indistinct transverse dusky macu- lated discal band, and a small spot at posterior angle. Underside dusky at apex of forewing.
Hxpanse, ¢ 44, ? 134 inch.
Genus PADENIA.
Male: forewing elongated, narrow ; costa arched, apex convex; costa with a fold overlapping beneath from base to apex; costal vein extending to apex along the
LITHOSIIDAE. 59
upper surface at some distance from the extreme edge; cell extending to one-half the wing, narrow ; first subcostal emitted at one-fourth before end of the cell, second quadrifid, the third, fourth, and fifth on a foot-stalk one-fifth from below base of second beyond end of the cell; discocellular inwardly oblique, short ; three median branches emitted together at one-third before end of the cell; submedian recurved downward: hindwing short, broad, quadrate, frenulum long and slender; costa short; exterior margin deeply excavated below the apex; a fringe of very long fine silky hairs along the costal edge; no costal vein visible; cell very broad at end; first subcostal emitted immediately before end of the cell and extending to apex, second extending to middle of the excavation; discocellular very slender, curved outward, radial near the upper end; middle median from angle below end of the cell, bifid at two-thirds beyond its base, lower at one-third before end of the cell; sub- median, and internal vein straight. Body short, thorax stout, anal segment tufted ; palpi very slender, porrect, projecting slightly beyond the head ; proboscis moderate; antennee minutely bipectinated. Female: forewing not folded over on the costal margin: hindwing extending to posterior angle of forewing, not excavated below the apex; no costal fringe.
PADENIA TRANSVERSA (Pirate 103, Fie. 1, ¢ ). Oyllene transversa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus. ii. p. 544 (1854). Lithosia bifasciata, Felder, Reise Novara, Lep. iv. pl. 106, fig. 11 (1870). Creamy-white: forewing with a transverse antemedial and a waved oblique postmedial purple-black band. Thorax with a blackish spot on each tegula, and a scutellate spot on the middle; antenne, palpi, and legs yellow. Expanse 75 to 75 inch.
Genus GARUDINIA, Form of wings in male and female and the venation as in Padenia: forewing of male with a glandular patch of hairy scales in middle of the cell on the underside: hindwing with a depressed patch on the costal border on the upperside.
GARUDINIA LATANA (Prare 103, Fie. 2, ¢). Tospitis latana, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus. xxviii. p. 427 (1863). Creamy-white : forewing with a broad purple-black lower subbasal short con- stricted band, and an oblique subapical entire band, the outer border of the latter undulated : hindwing tinged with a pale brown apical border, Expanse 7 to 75 inch. . 12
60 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
Genus BIZONE, Bizone, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus. xi. p. 548 (1854). Chionema, H. Scheffer, Aussereurop. Schmett. p. 21 (1858).
Forewing elongated, narrow ; costal margin in the male distorted and furnished with a plumose lappet in the middle; cell extending more than half the wing; first subcostal emitted at nearly one-half before end of the cell, distorted, provided with a lengthened glandular sac, below which, on the underside of the wing, is a concave scabrous patch of scales; second subcostal near end of the cell, fifth from below third at about one-fourth beyond end of the cell; discocellular concave, distorted, radial from its middle; median recurved to end of the cell, two lower branches from near the end; submedian slightly recurved: hindwing broad; in the male the costal margin is short, the exterior margin being produced outward below the apex, thus giving the wing a quadrate form; on upperside of the wing is a scabrous patch of scales below the submedian; costal vein extending to apex, joined to subcostal to beyond half length of the cell, two subcostal branches from end of the cell; disco- cellular bent inward in the middle, radial very slender, scarcely visible; cell extending half the wing, wide; three median branches from end of the cell, upper bifid, the middle branch being thrown off at two-thirds beyond the cell; submedian and internal vein wide apart. Body slender; abdomen extending beyond hindwings, tufted in male; palpi porrect, laxly pilose; antennz very finely bipectinated ; legs slender, smooth. (B. puella.)
BIZONE PUELLA (Puate 103, Fie. 3, 38a, 3 2). Phalena N. puella, Drury, Exot. Ins. ii. p. 3, pl. 2, fig. 2,3, App. p. 2 (1778). Bizone puella, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. ii. p. 549; Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. I. C. i. p. 305, pl. 18, fig. 13, 18a.
Forewing pure white; with a basal, an antemedial, a postmedial, and a marginal vermillion band, the two former and the two latter confluent on the extreme costal edge, the ante and postmedial bands slightly black bordered, the basal band with a slight black spot; three black spots near the costa between the two middle bands in the male, and one spot only in the female: hindwing whitish, the outer borders pinkish, brightest in the female. Body white; thorax with vermillion bands ; abdomen purplish basally ; palpi pink; antenne, and legs above red.
Expanse, d 1, ? 1; inch.
‘In forest land. Plains. June.” (Hutchison.)
BIZONE SUBORNATA (Pirate 103, Fic. 4, 2). Bizone subornata, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus. ii. p. 550, ¢ (1854). Forewing pure white; female with four narrow transverse vermillion bands,
LITHOSIUDA. 61
a shght black spot on the basal band, and three spots within the cell between the two middle bands: hindwing whitish, outer area pale pink. Body white; thorax with red bands, basal segments of abdomen pinkish; shaft of antennz whitish ; legs white, fore and middle tibia with brown bands and tarsi with red bands; palpi brown edged beneath with white.
Expanse 1% inch.
Genus ADITES.
Forewing elongate, rather broad; costa arched; first subcostal emitted at two- fifths before end of the cell, short, anastomosed to costal; second at one-fifth before the end, third from end of the cell, trifid, fifth at one-third from base of third; radial from upper end of the cell; discocellular concave; two upper medians from angles at end of the cell, second at one-fifth, first (or lower) at one-half before the end; submedian curved: hindwing triangular, broad ; costal vein extending to apex; subcostal joined to costal to near end of the cell; two subcostal branches on a foot-stalk nearly three-fourths beyond the cell; discocellular concave; three upper medians from angles at end of the cell, lower at nearly one-half before the end; submedian and internal vein nearly straight. Body short; palpi porrect, slender, extending beyond the head, laxly pilose beneath; legs stoutish, smooth; antennee finely bipectinated to tip in both sexes.
ADITES HILARIS (Prats 104, Fie. 6, 2). Doliche hilaris, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus. ii p. 5380 (1854).
Forewing white, crossed by four equi-distant brownish-ochreous sinuous bands, the three inner bands medial, the fourth submarginal and with broad outer angles ; two brownish-ochreous subbasal spots, a black basal and a discocellular spot: hind- wing ochreous-white. Body white; thorax spotted with brownish-ochreous ; palpi and legs with ochreous bands.
Expanse, $ %, $ 1 inch.
Genus BARSINE. Barsine, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. ii. p. 546 (1854). Ammatho, Walker, id. pt. iii. p. 759 (1855). Hypocrita, Herr. Scheffer, Lep. Exot. fig. 488 (1855) ; zd. p. 20 (1858).
Forewing lengthened, narrow, exterior margin oblique; cell broad, extending more than half the wing; first subcostal emitted at one-fifth, and second at one- tenth before end of the cell, third trifid, fourth and fifth at equal distances apart; discocellular deeply concave, radial from near upper end; two upper medians from contiguous angles at end of the cell, second at one-eighth, and first (or lower) at one-third before end of the cell; submedian widely separated from median, curved
62 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
downwards towards the margin: himdwing short, broad; cell wide; costal and sub- costal joined to two-thirds:length of the cell; two subcostal branches on a foot-stalk one-third beyond the cell; discocellular acutely bent in the middle; two upper medians from acute angle at end of the cell, second from close to end, first at nearly one-half before the end ; submedian and internal straight. Body moderately slender; palpi porrect, slender, laxly squamose; legs short, thick, femora pilose beneath ; antenne sparsely and finely bipectinated. (B. striata.)
BARSINE CUNEONOTATUS (Prare 103, Fic. 10,9 ). Ammatho cuneonotatus, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus. iii. p. 759 (1855).
Ochreous-red : forewing with a transverse basal, three medial, and an outer series of vermillion streaks, the transverse intervening spaces and the veins fuliginous- grey : hindwing pale reddish-cinereous. Body ochreous-red; thorax with blackish spots; antennee, palpi, and legs red.
Expanse 1,% to 154 inch.
Genus LYCLENE. Cyllene,* Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus. ii. p. 543 (1854). Lyclene, Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. I. C. ii. p. 800 (1858).
Forewing lengthened, narrow; cell extending two-thirds the wing ; first subcostal emitted at one-third before end of the cell, ascending to costal and anastomosed to it for a short distance ; second at one-seventh before the end; third trifid ; discocellular inwardly oblique, radial from upper end; two upper medians from angles at end of the cell, second at one-sixth and first at nearly one-half before end of the cell; sub- median curved downward: hindwing short; costal and subcostal veins united, ta within one-tenth of end of the cell; two subcostal branches on a foot-stalk one-fourth beyond the cell; discocellular bent inward below the middle ; three upper medians at equal angles at end of the cell, lower at one-third before the end. Body small, tufted in female; palpi very slender, porrect; antennz finely bipectinated ; legs smooth.
LYCLENE ARCUATA (Prater 103, Fic. 5).
Forewing pale red; with a small blackish spot at base of the cell, a spot on costal border at one-fifth from the base, a transverse medial inwardly curved band terminating above the submedian vein, a spot at end of the cell, a transverse discal
" zigzag band, and very indistinct minute marginal dots: hindwing paler red, Body, palpi, and legs pale red.
Expanse 3 inch.
Near to L. rubricosa (Moore, P. Z. 8. 1878, p. 30), from Bombay.
* Previously used for a genus of Coleoptera.
LITHOSUDA. 63
LYCLENE ILA (Prats 103, Fie. 6): Lyclene Ila, Moore, Catal: Lep. Mus. E. I. C. ii. p. 8300 (1858).
Male: forewing yellowish-ochreous; a series of four or five minute purplish- brown spots curving outward and downward from the base, a broad transverse slightly curved medial purple-brown band, a spot at end of the cell, a recurved transverse discal series of nine short linear spots; and a marginal row of smaller spots: hindwing pale yellow. Female: forewing with a broader medial band, the cell spot and the lower discal spots being confluent with the band: hindwing with an indistinct transverse pale purplish-brown medial band. Body, palpi, and antennze yellowish-ochreous; thorax black spotted ; legs with blackish bands.
Expanse, ¢ i5, ? a inch.
LYCLENE SEMIFASCIA (Pate 103, Fic. 7). Setina semifascia, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus. ii. p. 521 (1854). Nepita semifascia, Butler, Trans. Ent. Soe. 1877, p. 336.
Male and female. Pale dull yellow: forewing with a small blackish spot at the base, a subbasal zigzag series of spots; three spots below the cell, a zigzag macular band, and a submarginal macular band; the basal spot and a spot at end of the cell more distinct than the others: hindwing with a faintly defined brownish marginal band. Body, palpi, antennz, and legs pale yellow.
Expanse { to 1 inch.
Genus SETINA. Setina, Schrank, Fauna Boica, ii. 2, p. 165 (1802); Stephens, Brit. Ent. Haust. ii: p. 98; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. ii. p. 514. Cybosia et Endrosa, Hiibuer, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 167 (1818-23). Philea, Dalman, Zett. Ins. Lap. p. 931 (1823).
Forewing elongate; exterior margin convex; cell extending two-thirds the wing; first subcostal branch short, anastomosed to costal, emitted at one-third, and second at one-sixth before end of the cell, third trifid, radial from upper end of cell; discocellular bent inward in the middle; an apparently slender discoidal veinlet emitted within the cell; two upper medians from pointed angle at end of the cell, second at one-eighth and first at one-half before end of the cell; submedian slightly curved: hindwing broadly triangular; costal vein extending to apex, joined to sub- costal to more than half length of the cell; two subcostal branches at one-third beyond the cell; discocellular bent in the middle; cell two-thirds length of the wing; upper median bifid at three-fourths from its base, the second from angle at end of the cell, first (or lower) at two-fifths before the end; submedian and internal vein slightly curved. Body short, laxly squamose; head small, pilose in front; palpi very minute; antenne finely pectinated; legs smooth, tarsi short. (WS. zrrorella.)
64 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
SETINA SOLITA (Prate 103, Fie. 8). Setina solita, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. i. p. 521 (1854).
Pale ochreous-yellow : forewing with a very small black basal spot, four or five oblique subbasal spots, one at end of the cell, an oblique row beneath the cell, a recurved transverse discal series of nine or ten very short streaks, and a marginal row of dots: hindwing paler yellow.
Expanse | inch.
SETINA PUNCTILINEA (Prarz 103, Fie. 9). Setina punctilinea, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 34, go.
Male. Upperside: forewing yellow; a black streak on base of costal margin, a spot below it, two small very indistinct subbasal spots, one at end of the cell, and a more prominent marginal row of spots: hindwing and abdomen pale yellow. Thorax black spotted. Legs black streaked above.
Expanse +3 inch.
Genus AAMENE. Aimene, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus. ii. p. 541 (1854). Panassa, Walker, id. Suppl. p. 607 (1865). Autoceras, Felder et Rogenh. Reise Novara, Lep. iv. pl. 106, f. 24 (1874).
Forewing elongated; costal and subcostal vein wide apart; cell long, narrow, extending two-thirds the wing ; first subcostal branch emitted at one-half and second at one-eighth before end of the cell; third trifid, fifth at one-third from below base of third; discocellular bent outward near upper end, radial from the angle; three upper medians from angles at end of the cell, lower at one-half before the end; submedian waved: hindwing triangular; costal vein extending to apex, joined to subcostal to half length of the cell; two subcostal branches on a foot-stalk half length beyond the cell; discocellular slightly concave; two upper medians from end of the cell, lower at one-eighth before the end; submedian and internal vein nearly straight. Body slender; palpi porrect, slender, extending slightly beyond vertex; antennze bipectinated in male, simple in female ; legs smooth.
JEMENE TAPROBANIS (Prate 104, Fie. 2). 4imene taprobanis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. ii. p. 542 (1854). Panassa cingalesa, Walker, id. Suppl. 2, p. 607 (1865). Autoceras grammophora, Felder, Novara Reise, Lep. iv. pl. 106, fig. 24 (1874). Forewing creamy greyish-white ; with two black angular spots at the base, an antemedial transverse zigzag band, more or less thickened and confluent, a spot in middle of the cell, a medial transverse zigzag band, a spot at end of the cell, a discal
LITHOSTID Ai. 65
zigzag band, followed by a blurred similar outer band, and a marginal row of spots, the upper, middle, and lowest of which cross the cilia: hindwing greyish-white, greyest externally. Body greyish-white, tegule with a lower black spot; abdomen greyish above; paipi and legs above with blackish bands.
Expanse, ¢ 2, ? 1 inch.
ZEMENE GUTITULOSANA (Prare 104, Fie. 3). Tospitis guttulosana, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxviii. p. 429 (1868), Eimene guttulosana, Butler, Trans. Ent. Soe. 1877, p. 373.
Forewing creamy-white, with two distinct black spots obliquely at the base, an antemedial transverse series of five spots, the upper and third of which are large, a small spot in middle of the cell and a large spot at its end, a large spot on middle of the costa, and a blurred sagittate mark below the cell, a discal zigzag almost confluent row of small dentate spots, a sinuous subapical streak, and a marginal row of small spots; the cilia thrice black spotted: hindwing greyish-white. Body creamy-white, abdomen above greyish; palpi and legs above with blackish bands.
Hxpanse, ¢ 75, ? i> inch.
ZEMENE SORDIDA (Prare 104, Fia. 4). Aimene sordida, Butler, Trans. Ent. Soe. 1877, p. 372.
Forewing pale purplish-grey, with two indistinctly defined black-speckled basal spots and two subbasal spots, a transverse antemedial zigzag series of five spots, one in middle of the cell and one at its end, a blurred bisinuated blotch below the cell, a discal transverse zigzag blotchy series of spots, and a more uniformly regular marginal row of spots; cilia with three blackish quadrate spots: hindwing paler purplish-grey. Body pale purplish-grey ; palpi and legs above with blackish bands.
Expanse 7 inch.
Genus NOLA. Nola, Leach, Edinb. Encycl. ix. p, 185 (1815); Samouel, Ent. Comp. p, 244 (1819) ; Stephens, Brit. Ent. Haust. iv. p. 61 (1834). Roeselia, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 397 (1825-7).
Wings small. Forewing elongated, pointed at apex, exterior margin oblique ; with three patches of slightly raised scales along the costal border within the cell ; cilia prominent; cell extending two-thirds the wing; first subcostal branch emitted at one-tenth before end of the ceil, second bifid, the third being thrown off at one-half beyond its base; discocellular outwardly oblique, radial from near the middle; two upper medians from angles at end of the cell, second at one-fifth and first (or lower) at two-fifths before end of the cell; submedian curved downward: hindwing trian- gularly oval; cilia prominent; costal vein extending to apex, joined to subcostal to
VOL. II. K
66 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
half length of the cell; two subcostal branches on a foot-stalk one-half beyond the cell; discocellular outwardly oblique; cell broad; three median branches, the upper from angle above end of the cell, second from the end, the lower from one-third before the end ; submedian and an internal vein slightly curved. Body short, thorax rather stout, head very small; palpi porrect, thick, laxly and coarsely squamose beneath, long, projected three-fourths its length beyond the head; antennee very minutely bipectinated, basal joint thick and with a fascicle of long scales beneath ; legs rather long, slender, smooth. (N. palliolalis = cucullatella).
NOLA CINGALESA (Prats 104, Fic. 1).
Forewing greyish-white ; a black triangular spot at base of the costa, a transverse antemedial outwardly curved line thickening into a rounded spot in crossing the cell, a blurred tridentate mark from the costa above end of the cell, a postmedial transverse undulated line, and a submarginal zigzag less distinct fascia: hindwing greyish. Body greyish; thorax white; second joint of palpi with a lateral black band; legs with black bands above.
Hxpanse 3; inch.
Genus NEPITA. Pitane,* Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. ii. p. 531 (1854). Nepita, Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. I. C. ii. p. 802 (1858-9).
Wings longer and narrower than in Adites. Venation similar, except that in the forewing the second median branch is one-eighth and the first (or lower) is less than one-third before end of the cell. Palpi short, laxly pilose, not extending to front of the head; antennz in male long, bipectinate, the pectinations finely plumose, antenne in female serrated; body short, with a dense anal tuft in female.
NEPITA CONFERTA (Prater 104, Fig. 7, 7a, g 9, b,c, d, larva). Pitane conferta, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. ii. p. 5383 (1854). Nepita signata, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. Suppl. p. 240 (1864).
Male and female. Reddish-ochreous; cilia dark ochreous-brown: forewing crossed by four dark ochreous-brown zigzag bands, the angles of the outer band confluent with the exterior margin; a black basal spot, and a spot at end of the cell : hindwing with a broad outer marginal ochreous-black band, and a small spot at end of the cell. Body reddish-ochreous; thorax and legs black spotted ; ebdomen with broad black dorsal bands; antennz “sl
Hxpanse, ¢ 12, 2 1 inch.
Larva short, tumid in the middle; purple-black; each segment thickly covered
* Previously used for a genus of Lepidoptera.
LITHOSUDLE. 67
with tufts of long black hairs, the tufts most dense at their base; some orange- yellow dorsal marks on third, eighth, and last segment, and a slender line between the latter. Pupa reddish, in a lax hairy cocoon.
*Puselawe. Hills, 3000 feet. On cultivated ground, during 8.W. Monsoon,” ( Hutchison.) Genus UTETHEISA, Utetheisa, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 168 (1818-25), Deiopeia, Stephens, Illust. Brit. Ent. Haust. ii. p. 92 (1829).
Forewing long, narrow; cell long, narrow, extending to two-thirds the wing; first subcostal emitted at one-tenth and second at one-twelfth before end of the cell, second trifid, fifth from end of the cell and anastomosed to third for a short distance above its base; discocellular bent outward close to upper end and inward in the middle, radial from upper angle; three upper medians from angles at end of the cell, lower beyond one-third before the end; submedian extending close to the margin: hindwing broad; exterior margin oblique and almost angular before the end; cell broad, extending nearly to two-thirds the wing; costal joined to subcostal to one- third from the base, and terminating at the apex; two subcostal branches from end of the cell ; discocellular bent inward and outward below the middle, radial from the lower angle; two upper medians from end of the cell, lower at nearly one-half before the end; submedian and internal straight. Body moderately slender ; palpi porrect, laxly squamose beneath, second joint extending to vertex, third joint short, thick ; antennee very finely pectinated; legs smooth.
UTETHEISA PULCHELLA (Prats 104, Fie. 5, 3). Phal. Tinea pulchella, Linneus, Syst. Nat. i. 2, p. 884 (1767). Deiopeia pulchella, Stephens, Illust. Brit. Ent. Haust. ii. p. 93; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. ir p. 566. Utetheisa pulchella, Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. I. C. ii. p. 306, pl. 14, fig. 1, la, larva. Uietheisa pulchra, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 168. Phal. Geom. Lotriz, Cramer, Pap. Exot. ii. pl. 109, fig. E (1779).
Forewing pale ochreous-yellow ; crossed by five nearly equidistant zigzag serial rows of small black spots, which are more or less quadrate, followed by a marginal linear row of similar spots; between the fourth and fifth row are two pairs of similar spots, and between the transverse rows are some irregular shaped scarlet spots; hindwing pure white, with a black irregular bordered marginal band and a streak at end of the cell, Thorax and head ochreous-yellow, spotted with black; abdomen white ; tip of palpi black; legs black streaked; antennz black,
Expanse 175 inch.
“Colombo. On grass land. A slow flier. When disturbed flies a short way
and settles again in the grass.” (Hutchison.) K 2
68 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
Genus ARGINA. Argina, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 167 (1818-25). Xanthestes, Rambur, Faune Lep. de l’Andalousie, ii. p. 229 (1866).
Forewing elongated, triangular; cell extending to two-thirds the wing; first subcostal emitted at one-eighth before end of the cell, second trifid, fifth from end of the cell, ascending and anastomosed to third for a short distance beyond its base; discocellular concave, radial from upper end of the cell; three upper medians from angles at end of the cell, lower at two-fifths before the end; submedian curved downward towards the margin: hindwing short, broad; apex very convex, slightly concave before anal angle, the angle being produced to a point in the male; cell narrow, disposed towards middle of the wing and extending beyond two-thirds its length; costal vein extending to apex; subcostal slightly joined to costal for a short distance near its base; two subcostal branches from end of the cell; discocellular slightly bent inward, radial from near lower end; two upper medians from angles at end of the cell, lower at one-third before the end. Body moderately slender ; palpi porrect, laxly squamose beneath, second joint extending beyond the vertex, third jomt short, stout; antenne stoutly pectinated, legs smooth, rather short,
femora thick. ARGINA CRIBRARIA (Puate 106, Fre. 1, la, g 9).
Phalena cribraria, Clerck, Icones Ins. ii. pl. 54, fig. 4 (1759-64), 2.
Phalena Geom. cribraria, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iii. pl. 208, fig. C, G (1782), ¢ ¢.
Argina cribraria, Aurivillius, Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handlingar, xix. p. 181 (1882).
Phalena Noct. Astrea, Drury, Illust. Exot. Ins. ii. p. 11, pl. 6, f. 8; App. p. ii. (1778), 9. Deiopeia Astrea, Westwood Edit. Drury, pl. 6, f. 3; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. ii. p. 570. Argina Astrea, Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. I. C. ii. p. 808, pl. 14, fig. 2, 2a.
Bombyx Pylotis, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p. 585 (1775), @.
Hipocrita pylotis, Hiibner, Samm. Exot. Schmett. i. pl. 189, fig. 1, 4, ¢.
Xanthestes guttata, Rambur, Lep. Andal. ii. p. 229 (1866).
Argina notata, Butler, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1875, p. 365, ¢.
Male. Bright ochreous-yellow: forewing crossed by six zigzag series of pale yellow-bordered black spots, and two pair of similar spots between the fourth and fifth row, the rows being disposed much like those in Utetheisa pulchella: hindwing with a black costal spot, one at end of the cell, two beneath it, three submarginal more linear-shaped spots, and a smaller one at anal angle. Female: forewing darker, either ochreous-yellow or reddish-ochreous, generally with more prominent pale yellow borders to the black spots; in some females these spots are uniformly larger, and have comparatively little or no pale borders: hindwing with similar spots to the male, the submarginal anterior spots being confluent and followed by two or three small marginal spots, another spot also being above the anal angle.
Expanse, ¢ 13, ¢ 13 to 14 inch.
LITHOSTIDA. 69
ARGINA SYRINGA (Prater 105, Fie: 2, 2a, 3 9, B, c, larva). Phalena Geom. Syringa, Cramer, Pap. Exot. i. p. 8, pl. 5, fig. C, D (1779). Deiopeia Syringa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. ii. p. 572.
Bombyx Crotalaria, Fabricius, Ent: Syst. iii 1, p. 478 (17938). Argina Crotalaria, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 167.
Forewing brownish-ochreous ; crossed by six equidistant zigzag rows of slender yellow-bordered black spots, the rows indistinctly margined with fuliginous-brown, the spots of the second, third, and fourth rows mostly transversely linear, the others longitudinally short; a similar streak also at end of the cell: hindwing pale scarlet, with a black costal spot, a large spot at end of the cell, two transverse series beneath, a submarginal series, and some smaller marginal spots. Female: forewing duller coloured, the markings also duller; hindwing brighter scarlet, the black spots forming more or less transverse bands. ‘Thorax and head brownish-ochreous, black spotted and with a scarlet collar; abdomen scarlet, with black dorsal and lateral spots ; legs ochreous-brown.
Expanse, ¢ 12, @ 24 inches.
Larva purplish-grey, sparsely hairy; the segments with dorsal transverse black streaks and lateral spots; head red; middle and hind legs reddish, front legs black. Pupa reddish and black streaked beneath, yellowish and black spotted above ; within a cocoon of very thin network.
“« Feeds on Crotalaria.” (Thwaites:)
ARGINA ARGUS (Pirate 105, Fie. 1, ia, o 9, 1 0, ¢, larva). Euprepia Argus, Kollar, Hiigel’s Kaschmir, iv. p: 467, pl. 21, fig. 3 (1844). Deiopeia Argus, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het: B. M. ii. p. 572.
Argina Argus, Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. I. C. ii. p. 309, pl. 14, fig. 3, 3a.
Forewing dull scarlet, with six transverse series of prominent yellow-bordered black spots, the three basal series very iwregularly disposed, the fourth and fifth series recurved across the disc; the sixth submarginal and more or less obsolete : hindwing brighter scarlet, with a large black spot at end of the cell, two smaller spots beneath, two submarginal and one above anal angle. Body dull scarlet, black spotted ; legs dull scarlet.
Expanse, ¢ 2, ? 22 inches.
Larva cylindrical, slightly thickened towards the end, purple-black, with a few dorsally disposed short black hairs; head, and a short longitudinal lateral streak on fifth to eleventh segments reddish ; a dorsal row of short transverse white streaks; legs black. Pupa reddish, longitudinally black streaked beneath, and black spotted above.
“Feeds on Crotalaria.” (Thwaites.)
70 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
Family ARCTIIDA.
Forewing elongated, narrow. Body very robust, thorax woolly; antenne bipectinated. Larva densely tufted with long hairs. Pupa in a large hairy silken cocoon.
Genus ALOPE. Alope, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. iii. p. 619 (1855).
Forewing elongated; cell extending two-thirds its length; first subcostal emitted at one-eighth before end of the cell, second quadrifid; discocellular deeply concave, radial from slight angle close to subcostal; three upper medians from contiguous angles at end of the cell, lower at two-fifths before the end; submedian slightly curved: hindwing short, broad; cell extending nearly two-thirds the wing ; costal and subcostal joined together from near base to half length of the cell; two subcostal branches from end of the cell; discocellular slender, bent inward in the middle, apparently emitting a slender veinlet within the cell from the angle, radial from near lower end; two upper medians from angles at end of the cell, lower at two-fifths before the end; two submedians and an internal vein, upper submedian slender. Body robust; thorax and head densely clothed with short hairs; palpi porrect, pilose, second joint extending beyond the vertex, third joint short, thick ; antennee stoutly bipectinated in male; legs thick, pilose beneath.
ALOPE RICINI (Prare 106, Fie. 2, 2a, g 9, ¢, larva). Bombyx Ricini, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p. 583 (1775); Ent. Syst. iii. 1, p. 4738 4793). Alope ocellifera, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. iii. p. 620 (1855).
Forewing greyish-brown, with six transverse macular bands composed of irregular shaped pale ochreous-bordered dark brown spots, and a marginal row of similar spots: hindwing red, palest in the male; with three dark brown spots on the costal border, one at end of the cell, one below the apex, and two towards the anal angle, and a broken streak on upper part of exterior margin. In the female these spots on the hindwing are replaced by three more or less complete irregular shaped bands across the wing, and in some males they also form similar bands. Thorax, head, palpi, and legs greyish-brown; thorax similarly spotted; palpi and legs with pale bands ; abdomen red, with dorsal and lateral bands.
Expanse 14 to 24 inches.
Larva dark brown, white speckled; with dorsal and lateral tufts of fine hairs. Pupa dark brown, within an oval, hairy, silken cocoon.
* Feeds on Notonia and Fagreea.”’ (Thwaites.)
* Puselawe. In gardens. Reared from larve found feeding on Dahlia.” ( Hutchison.)
ARCTIIDA. 71
Genus SPILARCTIA. Spilarctia, Butler, Cistula Ent. ii. p. 89 (1875) ; Illust. Types Lep. Het. B. M. iii. p. 5 (1879).
Forewing elongated, triangular ; cell extending two-thirds the wing; first sub- costal emitted at one-fifth before end of the cell, second quadrifid; discocellular concave, radial from upper end of the cell; three upper medians from contiguous angles at lower end of the cell, lower median at one-half before end of the cell; submedian recurved downward: hindwing short, apex convex; costal and subcostal veins joined together to one-third from the base; costal extending to apex; two subcostal branches at end of the cell; discocellular bent in the middle; radial, and two upper medians from angles at end of the cell, lower median at one-half before end of the cell; submedian and internal vein straight. Body stout; head and thorax pilose; palpi porrect, pilose beneath, second joint extending beyond the head, third joint smooth, short, thick; antenne thickly bipectinated in male; legs short, thick, femora pilose beneath. (8S. lubricipeda.)
SPILARCTIA SUBFASCIA (Prate 107, Fie. 3, 3a, $ 9). Spilosoma subfascia, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. iii. p. 678 (1855).
Male. Yellowish ochreous-white : forewing with three small black costal spots, two below on the subcostal vein, an oblique transverse discal series of spots, and two or three dots below the apex: hindwing with four black dots at the apex, and a biack streak near anal angle. Female paler: forewing with less distinct costal spots, the discal series represented only by some smali dots at each end: hindwing with slightly indicated subanal spots. Thorax with a black spot on each side, and an indistinct testaceous band in front; abdomen ochreous-yellow above, with dorsal and lateral row of black spots; palpi, and antennez black; tarsi, and anterior tibz, and fore femora above black; hind femora and tibize with black tips.
Hxpanse, d 15%, 2 2:2; inches.
Genus PANGORA. Pangora, Moore, Desc. Lep. Coll. Atkinson, p. 42 (1879).
Forewing long, narrow, apex slightly pointed, exterior margin short and oblique; ceil narrow, extending to two-thirds the wing; first subcostal emitted at one-fifth before the end of the cell, second quadrifid ; discocellular bent in the middle, radial from upper end; two upper medians from angles above end of the cell, second at a short distance before end, first (or lower) at near three-sevenths before the end ; submedian extending close along the margin: hindwing short, broad; costal and subcostal joined together from near the base to about half length of the cell; two subcostal branches from end of the cell; discocellular bent inward in the middle;
72 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
radial and two upper medians from contiguous angles at end of the cell, lower median at nearly one-half before end of the cell; submedian and internal vein straight, Body stout ; palpi porrect, clothed with adpressed scales, apex pointed ; legs smooth, hind tibiee thick, femora slightly pilose beneath ; antennae minutely serrated in male.
PANGORA EROSA (Purare 107, Fie. 1, la, 3 2, 4, larva). Aloa erosa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. iii, p. 708 (1855). Forewing ochreous-brown, with a basal irregular bordered zigzag pale pinkish band, and two or three similar coloured marginal spots, the upper one of which is disposed at the apex: hindwing scarlet, with a broad irregular bordered brown submarginal band, and in the female a slight streak at end of the cell. Thorax pale pink; two brown spots on the collar, one on each tegula, and a large scutellate spot above; collar, pectus, and palpi red streaked; abdomen scarlet, with dorsal and lateral black spots; legs brown, femora red streaked above. Expanse, d 2, $ 24 inches. Larva dark brown, clothed with dense tufts of blackish hairs, Pupa dark brown, within a dense hairy cocoon.
‘Feeds on Gloriosa superba, &c.” (Thwaites.)
“Taken at Kegalle. Inlow country forest in June. Larve reared on Thunbergia.” (Hutchison.)
Genus RAJENDRA. Rajendra, Moore, Dese. Lep. Coll. Atkinson, p. 43 (1879); P. Z. S. 1879, p. 396.
Forewing elongated, narrow, exterior margin oblique, posterior angle very convex ; first subcostal emitted at one-sixth before end of the cell, second quadrifid ; discocellular bent inward in the middle, radial from upper end; two upper median branches from acute angle at end of the cell, second from close to the end, and first (or lower) at one-third before the end; submedian curved downward: hindwing short, exterior margin very convex; costal and subcostal joined together to half length of the cell; two subcostal branches from end of the cell; discocellular concave, radial and upper median from acute angle at end of the cell, middle median from close to the end, lower at beyond one-third ; one median and an internal vein. Body stout; palpi porrect, laxly squamose beneath; legs short, stoutish; antennze very minutely pectinated. (f. lativitta.)
RAJENDRA IRREGULARIS (Prats 107, Fie. 2). Forewing blackish-brown ; with a longitudinal irregular bordered creamy-white band curving from the base to apex, the lower border of the band being slightly excavated near the base, and the upper border indented at end of the cell: hindwing
ARCTITIDA:, 73
pale crimson-red, with a blackish-brown costal band and submarginal spots. Thorax brown; sides of thorax and head above pinkish-white, tegule with a brown spot; palpi, and legs, brown, femora red streaked; abdomen crimson, with dorsal and lateral black spots.
Expanse 13 inch.
Intermediate between #. lativitta and R. biguttata.
Genus CREATONOTUS. Creatonotus, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 169 (1818-25); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. iii. p. 637 (1855). Wings shorter than in Aloa: forewing more regularly fusiform in shape; venation similar. Palpi smaller, shorter, apical joint very short and pilose; antennz finely biserrated in male; legs shorter, less regularly squamose.
CREATONOTUS INTERRUPTUS (Prater 108, Fic. 5, 5a,g 2). Phalena-Bombyx interrupta, Linneus, Syst. Nat. i. ii. p. 840 (1767); Sulzer, Ins. pl. 22, fig. 3; Cramer, Pap. Exot. ii. p. 136, pl. 185, fig. E. Creatonotus interrupta, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 170; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus. iii. p- 688; Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. I. C. ii. p. 862, pl. 17, f. 1, la.
Bombyx Francisca, Fabricius, Mant. Ins. ii. p. 181; Ent. Syst. iii. 1, p. 480.
Male: forewing pinkish-ochreous, with an interrupted black streak extending from base below the cell to near the apex; two black dots at end of the cell and one at the posterior angle: hindwing fuliginous-brown, darkest externally, and sometimes with three indistinct darker marginal spots. Female: forewing paler ochreous ; the black band distinct : hindwing whitish-ochreous; marginal spots less defined. Thorax ochreous, with a black longitudinal band; abdomen above more or less dark crimson, with short black dorsal and lateral spots; front of head, abdomen, and legs beneath greyish-black; femora above ochreous; antennee black.
Expanse, d 14, ? 13 inch.
** Colombo and Newera Eliya. Plains and up to 6000 feet; in gardens. Common. Comes into the house at night, attracted by the light.”’ (Hutchison.)
CREATONOTUS CONTINUATUS (Prats 108, Fie. 4). Creatonotus continuatus, Moore, Annals of Nat. Hist. 1877, p. 344.
Male and female. Upperside: forewing ochreous, with an unbroken black streak extending from base below the cell to near the apex, a black streak within the cell and between all the upper veins, a shorter streak also from posterior angle : hindwing in male fuliginous, with darker maculated border, in female pale ochreous, with suffused blackish discal streaks, a cell spot, and darker black marginal spots; a
VOL. I. L
74 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
broad black streak along thorax and short dorsal bands. Body ochreous-red above, brownish-black beneath. Legs brownish-black; fore and middle femora above ochreous. Underside of wings as above.
Expanse 13 inch.
CREATONOTUS EMITTENS (Pxate 108, Fic. 3, 8a, 3 0).
Creatonotus emittens, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus. iii. p. 638 (1855); Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus.
E. I. C. ii. p. 363.
Forewing pale pinkish-ochreous, with a slight crimson tinge along the costal border ; a brown longitudinal streak below the cell, divided by the first and second median veins, and followed by a more slender streak above the upper median vein : hindwing ochreous-white, with a brown discal dot. Thorax ochreous; abdomen above crimson, beneath ochreous-white, with black dorsal and lateral spots; fore and middle femora crimson above; tarsi brownish; antennz black, base of shaft white.
Expanse, ¢ 12, ¢ 13 inch.
Genus ALOA. Aloa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus. iii. p. 699 (1855).
Forewing long, narrow, apex pointed; cell long, extending to two-thirds the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-sixth before end of the cell, second quadrifid, the third thrown off at one-fifth from below base of the second, and fifth at one-half from the third; discocellular deeply concave, bent close to subcostal, radial from the angle; two upper medians from angles at end of the cell, second from close to the end, first or lower at one-third before the end; submedian recurved downward from the base: hindwing short, triancular; cell extending two-thirds the wing; costal vein joined to subcostal to nearly half length of the cell; two subcostal branches from end of the cell; discocellular concave; three upper median branches from angles at end of the cell, first or lower at nearly one-half before end of the cell; submedian and internal vein nearly straight. Body stout, abdomen extending beyond hindwing; head small; palpi porrect, extending beyond the head, pilose beneath, third joint conical, squamous; antenne short, thick, coarsely biserrated in male; legs thickish, squamous.
Type, A. Lactinea.
ALOA SANGUINOLENTA (Prare 108, Fic. 6, 6a, g 9). Bombyx sanguinolenta, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. iii. i. p. 473 (1793); Donovan, Ins. of India, pl. 53, ?. Wings pure white. Male: forewing with a crimson costal band extending to the apex ; a small black spot at upper end of the cell, a dot at base of the two upper
ARCTIIDA. 75
median veins, and two small spots on the submedian, one being near the base, the other towards the end: hindwing with a larger black spot at end of the cell, and four spots at equal distances apart on posterior margin, the subanal and apical spot smallest and sometimes obsolete. Female: forewing with the black spots less prominent : hindwing with larger black spots. Thorax pure white; a band in front of the thorax and the vertex crimson; a black central dot on each tegula; abdomen above deep ochreous-yellow, with black dorsal and lateral bands ; abdomen beneath white; legs white; fore and middle femora crimson above, apex of femora and a streak down front of fore and middle tibiz and bands on all the tarsi black; antennze black. Expanse 2 to 2% inches.
“Colombo. Plains; in cultivated ground. August.” (Hutchison.)
Genus AREAS. Areas, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus. iii. p. 658 (1855).
Forewing long, narrow ; costa arched, apex acute, exterior margin very oblique, posterior angle convex; cell extending to three-fifths the wing; costal vein extending to two-thirds the wing; first subcostal emitted at one-fourth before end of the cell, second from end of the cell, quadrifid, the third from below second near its base, and the fifth at one-half from the base of third; discocellular bent acutely in the middle, radial from upper end of the cell; two upper medians from angles at end of the cell, second from close before the end, first or lower at one-half before the end ; submedian curved downward from the base: hindwing elongated, narrow, apex produced, exterior margin very oblique and convex towards the anal angle; abdominal margin short; costal vein straight, extending to the apex; subcostal touching the costal for a short distance beyond the base; two subcostal branches from end of the cell; discocellular bent below the middle ; two upper medians from angles at end of the cell, second from near the end, first or lower at one-half before end of the cell; submedian and internal vein slightly recurved. Body large, very robust ; palpi long, porrect, compactly squamose, first joint long, longer than the second, third joint conical; legs smooth, short, thick; antenne bipectinated in male, the pectinations short and thick, serrated in female.
Type, A. orientalis.
AREAS MELANOPSIS (Pirate 108, Fre. 2). Arctia melanopsis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxi. p. 280 (1864). Aloa callisoma, Felder, Reise Novara, Lep. iv. pl. 101, fig. 4 2 (1868-74). Forewing pale brownish-ochreous, crossed by a medial inwardly-oblique narrow grey-black fascia: hindwing brighter brownish-ochreous, suffused with crimson
L 2
76 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
along abdominal margin. Thorax brownish-ochreous, a black spot on each tegula;
abdomen crimson, with a dorsal and two lateral rows of black spots; abdomen
beneath whitish-ochreous; front of head and palpi black ; legs pale brownish-ochreous
beneath, crimson above and tipt with black, tibize and tarsi black; antennze black. Expanse 2 to 2} inches.
Genus RHODOGASTRIA.
Rhodogastria, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 172 (1818-25). Amerila, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. iii. p. 725 (1855). Pelochyta (part), Hiibner.
Forewing elongated, triangular, mostly semitransparent : first subcostal emitted at one-fourth before end of the cell, second from close to the end, trifid, the third beimg thrown off from below at about one-third above its base, and the fourth from the third near the apex ; fifth from end of the cell, curving upward and touching the third near its base ; discocellular inwardly oblique, bent near upper end, radial from the angle; two upper medians from angles in a line with the discocellular above end of the cell, second median from end of the cell, first or lower at nearly one-half before the end; submedian recurved: hindwing short, triangular, semitransparent ; costal veln extending to apex; subcostal joined to costal from near its base to one-third before end of the cell, two subcostal branches from end of the cell; discocellular slightly concave; cell extending nearly three-fourths the wing; two upper medians from angles at end of the cell, second from near the end, first or lower at nearly one- half before the end; submedian and internal vein slightly curved. Body robust, squamous; palpi porrect, first joint short, shghtly pilose, second and third joints squamous, second extending half beyond the vertex, third joint short, thick; antenn slender, ciliated; legs long, squamous.
RHODOGASTRIA ASTRA (Prate 108, Fie. 1, g, la, larva).
Sphing astreas, Drury, Ins. ii. pl. 28, fig. 4 (1778).
Amerila astrea, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 682.
Phalena melanthus, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iii. pl. 286, fig. B (1782). Rhodogastria melanthus, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 172.
Amerila melanthus, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. iii. p. 727 (1855).
Wings pale ochreous-brown : forewing with the cell and large interspace between the veins from the subcostal to submedian vein semitransparent ; a broad discocellular streak, the apical border and exterior margin darker brown: hindwing with the cell and discal area semitransparent; head and thorax pale ochreous, black spotted ; abdomen above dark crimson, with two lateral rows of black spots; abdomen beneath pale ochreous; palpi crimson, with black bands; antennz crimson; legs
LIPARID 43. 77
crimson above, femora pale ochreous beneath, fore and middle tibiee and tarsi brown streaked above.
Hxpanse 22 inches.
Larva green, slightly hairy, with a subdorsal and lateral row of small black spots; spiracles brown; head yellow. Pupa purple-brown.
“Feeds on Beaumontia.” (Thwaites.)
Genus CYCNIA ? Cycnia sparsigutta, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxi. p. 296 (1864).
“Male and female. Pale luteous. Wings slightly and minutely speckled with brown, more speckled beneath; a discal point, which is black in the forewings, brown in the hindwings, brown and larger on the underside. Forewings with a very oblique submarginal row of brown dots, which are composed of speckles. Hindwings paler. Length of the wings 13—22 lines. Ceylon. In Mr. E. L. Layard’s Collection.”
Not having seen the specimens above described by Mr. Walker as Cycnia sparsigutta, we are unable, from his description, to determine the genus to which it belongs.
Family LIPARIDZ.
Wings mostly broad in the male, longer in the female, or in some genera only rudimentary in the female. Body of male slender, in female large, and generally with an anal tuft; antenne bipectinated; forelegs very hairy.
Larva hairy, mostly arranged in tufts or fascicles, some of which are short, dense, disposed along the back and limited to certam segments, while others are more lengthened and project anteriorly and posteriorly ; in some genera these fascicles are replaced by short hairs arising from separate tubercles.
Cocoon soft, of a slight silken and hairy texture.
Genus ORGYIA. Orgyia, Ochs. Schmett. Eur. iii. p. 208 (1810). Notolophus, Germar, Prod. ii. p. 85 (1812). Gynephora, Hubner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 161 (1818-25).
Male: forewing short, broad, triangular; first subcostal emitted at one-half before end of the cell, second at one-fifth, trifid, fifth from end of the cell, ascending upward and touching third near its base; discocellular concave, radial from end of the cell in a line with subcostal; cell wide, extending to more than half the wing ; two upper median branches from angles above end of the cell, second branch at a short distance before the end, first or lower at one-third before end of the cell; submedian widely separated from the median, curved downward from its base:
78 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
hindwing short, broadly triangular, exterior margin convex; costal vein extending to apex; subcostal curved upward and slightly touching the costal near its base, two subcostal branches on a footstalk half beyond end of the cell; discocellular very slender, bent inward before the middle; upper median from angle above end of the cell, two middle medians from angles at end of the cell, first or lower at one-third before the end; submedian and internal vein straight. Thorax broad, pilose ; abdomen slender; palpi stout, very hairy, projecting much beyond the head ; legs short, pilose, hind tibia with two apical spurs; antenne broadly bipectinated. Female: wings rudimentary ; antennee crenulated. Body very large.
ORGYIA POSTICA (Prate 109, Fic. 1, la, f @, 18, larva). Lacida postica, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. iv. p. 803 (1855), ¢.
Male: forewing rufous-brown; with an indistinct subbasal, an antemedial, and a postmedial transverse zigzag black line, and three short longitudinal subapical streaks; medial area more or less powdered with white scales; a white lunate inner- bordered black-speckled reniform spot at end of the cell; a submarginal pale-brown zigzag line powdered with white scales: hindwing dull fuliginous-brown. Body, palpi, and legs rufous-brown; antenne fuliginous-brown. Female: wings rudi- mentary; pale greyish-brown; abdomen greyish-brown, anal tuft brownish.
Expanse, ¢ | inch.
Larva yellowish, with a dorsal and two lateral purple-brown bands; head red ; sparsely covered with short purple-brown hairs; two long tufts of purple-brown hairs projected over the head and two over anal segment; two lateral tufts of whitish hair from fifth and sixth segment, and a dorsal tuft of short yellow hairs on fifth to eighth segments; spiracles brown. Pupa hairy; male purplish-olive, female olivaceous.
“Feeds on Cesalpinia.” (Thwaites.)
ORGYIA CEYLONICA. Orgyia ceylonica, Nietner, Obs. on the Enemies of the Coffee-tree in Ceylon, p. 19 (1861).
“Male : brown, variegated with a little black and white. Female with rudimentary, whitish seale-like wings, dirty yellowish, covered with fine black hair, rather thickly towards the extremity of the abdomen and sides.
Expanse, g ?, ? $ inch long.
Larva 13 inch long, brown, underside and head reddish, covered with yellowish hair, two long slender tufts of dark hair on each side of the head, like horns, and another behind like a tail; four short stiff white tufts upon the anterior part of the back, and two similar ones on each side. Spins a thin cocoon, in which the chrysalis rests for two weeks. Not uncommon from October to December.”
LIPARIDA. 79
ORGYIA VIRIDESCENS. Acyphas viridescens, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. iv. p. 798 (1855), @.
Male: forewing of a redder-brown colour than O. postica, the basal black cross mark prominent, the antemedial transverse sinuous line very distinct and with a pale green-grey inner lower streak, postmedial sinuous black line also more prominent, the intermedial area between the two sinuous lines greenish-grey, the discocellular streak whiter and less lunular in shape: hindwing paler than in O. postica.
Expanse 1} inch.
Genus ENOME. Enome, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus. pt. iv. p. 883 (1855).
Male: forewing short, triangular; costal vein recurved, extending to two-thirds the wing; first subcostal emitted at one-eighth before end of the cell, ascending and slightly touching the costal above end of the cell, second from end of the cell, quadrifid, the fifth starting from below third at a short distance beyond its end ; cell broad at its end, extending to half the wing; discocellular deeply concave ; two upper median branches from angles above end of the cell, second from close to the end, first or lower at nearly one-half before the end; submedian slightly curving downward from the base: hindwing short, broadly produced bindward, exterior margin convex; costal vein arched at the base, extending to apex; subcostal curved upward and touching the costal near the base, first subcostal emitted from immediately before end of the cell; discocellular bent acutely before the middle; two upper medians from angles at end of the cell, second at a short distance before the end, and first or lower at one-fifth before the end; submedian and internal vein straight. Thorax broad, pilose; abdomen slender; palpi small, short, pilose, not extending beyond the head; antennz broadly bipectinated; legs pilose, hind tibiz with two apical spurs. Female: wings rudimentary; body large, woolly; antennz minutely serrated, shaft hairy.
ENOME AMPLA (Prats 109, Fia. 2, 2a, g 2, 28, larva). Enome ampla, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. iv. p. 883 (1855), ¢; Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E.I. C. ii. p. 346, pl. 9a, f. 4, $; pl. 15, fig. 7, 7a, larva.
Male: dark brown: forewing with some pale ochreous-brown bordered blackish basal spots, a transverse antemedial and a postmedial zigzag band, the latter acutely pointed at the angles; a blackish medial transverse fascia interrupted by a blacker lunate mark at end of the cell, and a contiguous inner black spot; cilia spotted with pale ochreous-brown: hindwing brighter brown, with a very indistinct darker brown submarginal lunular line and a more distinct marginal line; cilia alternated with pale ochreous-brown. Body and antenne blackish-brown. Female: dark brown; thorax, head, and rudimentary wings woolly-white, with dark brown spots.
Expanse, ¢ 14 to 13 inch.
80 | THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
Larva brown, covered with short brown hairs, those from anterior and anal seoment long; male with a pale subdorsal line and lower spots, some white spots along the back and below the pale line; female with blackish dorsal spots and a white lateral spot on the tenth segment; legs reddish. Pupa purplish-brown, slightly tufted with short hairs.
“ Larva almost omnivorous.” (Zhawaites.)
Genus ANTIPHA. Lacida,* Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. iv. p. 801 (1855). Antipha, Walker, zd. p. 806 (1855).
Male: forewing short, narrowly triangular ; first subcostal emitted at one-fifth before end of the cell, second quadrifid, fifth from below third at one-third from its base; discocellular concave, radial from end of the cell in a line with the subcostal; three upper median branches from angles at end of the cell, first or lower at one-third before the end; submedian extending close to the posterior margin: hindwing triangular, exterior margin convex; costal vein recurved, extending to apex ; subcostal curved upward and touching costal near its base, two subcostal branches on a footstalk one-third beyond the cell; discocellular bent inward, lower end long and oblique; upper median from angle above end of the cell, two middle medians on a footstalk one-third beyond end of the cell, first or lower at one-third before end of the cell; submedian and internal vein straight. Body slender; thorax pilose, tegule with spatular hairs; palpi long, projecting beyond the head, second joint pilose beneath, third joint slender; antennz broadly bipectinated ; legs roughly squamose, hind tibie with four spurs. Female: wing somewhat longer; abdomen stout; antennee finely pectinated.
Type, A. antica.
ANTIPHA ANTICA (Piarte 110, Fic. 3, ¢). Lacida antica, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. iv. p. 802 (1855), ¢. Anasila notata, Walker, zd. iv. p. 919 (1855), 9.
Male: pale brown: forewing with the basal and discal area speckled with dark brown ; a subbasal transverse waved dark brown line and an oblique upper discal broad fascia, the latter bordered externally by an indistinct brown zigzag line; a dark brown circular mark at end of the cell; a submarginal series of black dentate spots. Female paler; forewing less brown speckled, the oblique discal brown fascia broader and more distinct, the mark at end of the cell more distinct and tripartite, the submarginal dentate spots less distinct. Thorax, head and palpi, and legs above speckled with dark brown.
Eixpanse, ¢ 12, ? 13 inch.
* Lacides has previously been used for a genus of moths by Walker (see Lep. of Ceylon, ii. p. 53).
LIPARIDAs. 81
ANTIPHA COSTALIS (Prate 110, Fie. 2, 2a, o 9, 20, larva).
Antipha costalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. iv. p. 806 (1855), ¢. Lacida complens, Walker, id. xxxii. p. 886 (1865), ¢. Rilia illepida, Walker, id. p. 486, ¢.
Male. Smaller than A. antica: forewing with a dark brown basal blotched and darker blotched-brown oblique upper discal fascia, the exterior border and posterior angle paler, the marginal dentate speckled spots less defined. Female somewhat paler, with the submarginal spots more distinct.
Expanse, ¢ 11, 2 1,4 inch.
Larva blackish-brown, thickest in middle; tufted with short hairs; a transverse narrow pale pink line dividing sixth and seventh segments. Cocoon pale brown, purse-shaped, with short hairs exserted from surface. Pupa purplish-brown, head
and wing-cases darkest. ANTIPHA STRIGULIFERA.
Lacida strigulifera, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxii. p. 386 (1865).
* Male. Fawn colour: forewings with the basal, interior and exterior lines black, slender, pale-bordered ; interior line nearly straight, exterior line denticulated, much bent; submarginal line pale, almost obsolete, traversed near the costa by some little black streaks; marginal lunules black, much curved, with pale borders ; reniform mark subquadrate, with an incomplete brown border, which is included in a pale one: hindwings whitish, with a slight testaceous tinge. Abdomen whitish. Antenne deeply pectinated. Length twelve lines.”
“Ceylon. In Mr. H. L. Layard’s collection.”
ANTIPHA PROMITTENS. Lacida promittens, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxii. p. 837 (1865).
“Male. Brown: forewings fawn-colour, brown at the base; basal, interior and exterior lines irregular, incomplete, composed of black flecks; the last one bent; submarginal line pale, denticulated, indistinct; marginal dots blackish-brown, elongated: hindwing cinereous above, beneath with a pale brown discal spot and an interrupted pale brown submarginal band. Abdomencinereous. Underside cinereous. Antenne much longer and more broadly pectinated than in L. strigulifera.”
“Ceylon. In Mr. Layard’s collection.”’
Genus CHARNIDAS. Charnidas, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. iv. p. 797 (1855). Repena, Walker, zd. p. 800 (1855). Lacida (part), Walker, zd. p. 801. Male: forewing elongated, triangular; first subcostal emitted at one-half before end of the cell, second at one-fourth, trifid, fifth from end of the cell, curving upward VOL. II. M
82 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
and touching the third beyond end of the cell; discocellular bent outward near upper end, radial from the angle; upper median from angle above end of the cell, second at a short distance before the end, first or lower at one-third before the end; submedian widely separated from the median: hindwing short, triangular, exterior margin slightly convex; costal vein recurved, extending to apex; subcostal very slender, slightly touching the costal at one-third from the base, two subcostal branches from immediately beyond end of the cell; discocellular bent inward near the middle; upper median from angle above end of the cell, two middle medians from angles at the end, first or lower at one-half before the end; submedian and internal vein straight. Body slender, thorax and head pilose ; palpi long, projecting much beyond the head, second joint stoutly pilose beneath, third jomt somewhat long and fusiform; antennz broadly bipectinated; legs slightly pilose, hind tibie with four spurs. Female. Wings slightly more elongated ; abdomen stout; antenne finely bipectinated. Type, C. litura.
CHARNIDAS ROTUNDATA (Prate 110, Fia. 4, 4a, $ 9). Lacida rotundata, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. iv. p. 802 (1855), ¢. Cycnia rubida, Walker, id. xxxi. p. 297 (1864), 9.
Lymantria disjuncta, Walker, id. xxxii. p. 8366 (1865), ¢.
Male and female. Pale dull reddish-ferruginous: forewing with an indistinct blackish speckled lunular streak at end of the cell, and a small spot beneath it at base of middle median veins. Female somewhat brighter coloured: forewing very sparsely covered with minute black scales; lunular black streak at end of the cell as in male.
Expanse, ¢ 13, ? 12 inch.
CHARNIDAS PLANA (Prate 110, Fie. 1, la, $ 2). Orgyia plana, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. iv. p. 786 (1855), 3. ? Charnidas junctifera, Walker, id. xxxii. p. 334 (1865), ¢.
Male. Greyish umber-brown: forewing with an indistinct blackish-brown pale-bordered spot at end of the cell, and a submarginal row of very indistinct dentate spots: hindwing with the costal and abdominal border darker brown; a very indistinct blackish-brown spot at end of the cell ; cilia alternated with blackish- brown. Female pale ochreous-brown, minutely black-speckled: forewing with the black-speckled cell spot and submarginal row of spots more distinct, the black speckles also clustered beyond and below the cell: hindwing with a more distinct black cell spot.
Expanse 1,2, irch.
“Colombo. In the cinnamon garden.” (Hutchison.)
LIPARIDA. 83
CHARNIDAS SUBNOTATA. Lacida subnotata, Walker, Lep. Het. Brit. Mus. iv. p. 803 (1855), ¢.
Male. Smaller than C. plana: forewing darker and of a more rufous-brown colour; with similar but more distinct markings: hindwing almost black-brown, with a very slender pale longitudinal medial streak.
Expanse 1 inch.
Genus LAXLIA.
Lelia, Stephens, Illust. Brit. Ent. Haust. ii. p. 62 (1828). Procodeca, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. iv. p. 812 (1855). Ricine, Walker, zd. iv. p. 824 (1855).
Male: forewing slightly elongated; first subcostal vein emitted at one-half before end of the cell; second at one-eighth, trifid; fifth from end of the cell, ascending and touching third above its base; discocellular bent outward near upper end, radial from the angle ; two upper medians from angles at end of the cell, second at one-eighth, and first or lower at one-third before end of the cell; submedian recurved : hindwing short, exterior margin convex; costal vein recurved, extending to apex; subcostal slightly touching costal at one-third beyond its base, two sub- costal branches on a footstalk one-fourth beyond the cell; discocellular bent inward ; upper median from angle above end of the cell, two middle medians from angles at the end, and first or lower median at more than one-third before the end ; submedian and internal vein straight. Body slender; thorax pilose; palpi densely pilose, projecting much beyond the head, apex conical; antennee bipectinated ; legs pilose, hind tibiz with four spurs. Female. Wings longer; body stout; antennz minutely bipectinated.
LALIA ANGULIFERA (Prate 110, Fie. 5, da, $ 9).
Procodeca angulifera, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. iv. p. 919 (1855), ¢. Ricine suffusa, Walker, zd. iv. p. 825, ?.
Male. Very pale brownish-ochreous: forewing darkest coloured along the costal border and below the cell; with a discal angular series of six small black spots: hindwing ochreous-white towards the base. Body and legs brownish-ochreous. Female pale whitish-ochreous: forewing slightly pale yellowish along the borders : hindwing white. Front of head and legs ochreous-yellow.
Expanse, ¢ 1s, 2 1s‘o inch.
Genus LAZZLIOIDES.
Wings comparatively shorter and more triangular in form than in Leelia: fore- wing narrow; cell extending three-fifths the wings; first subcostal emitted at nearly M 2
84 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
one-half before end of the cell, second at one-ninth before the end, trifid; fifth from end of the cell, curved upward and joined to third for a short distance ; discocellular bent near upper end, concave in the middle, radial from upper angle; three upper medians from angles at end of the cell, lower at one-fourth before