> Gam baAl, aren 20k He
{ i ix 7 he Tae tok) Fe Kyla oid ha inp taal ee Y Ry Swaine Oe cineca a ee! ‘ ‘ RNeasy SP ee
i iS 1 ¥ Se Nn! Ailes lean nig:
Pike
Nites “i a
ni
“A mi eh ee tra a ee
PROCEEDINGS OF THE GENERAL MEETINGS FOR SCIENTIFIC BUSINESS
OF THH
ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF LONDON
FOR THE YEAR
1896.
PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY, AND SOLD AT THEIR HOUSE IN HANOVER-SQUARE LONDON:
MESSRS. LONGMANS, GREEN, AND OO, PATERNOSTER ROW.
) VF CR Ae
LIST
OF THE
COUNCIL AND OFFICERS
OF THE
ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.
De. Joun Anverson, F.R.S., Vice-President,
Wittian = T. Branrorp, Esq., E.RS., Vice-President.
Groraze A. Bourencer, Esq., E.R.S.
Tur Rr. Hon. Grorar Denman,
Hersert Dever, Esq., F.LS.
Cuartes Drummonn, Esq., Trea- surer.
Gen. Toe How. Ferrtpsna, K.C.B.
F. DuCanz Gopman, Esq., F.R.S., Vice-President.
Lr.-Cot, H. H. Gopwin-Avsten, FE.R.S., Vice-President.
Sir Percy
1896.
COUNCIL. (Elected April 29, 1896.) . H. Frower, K.C.B., LL.D., D.C.L., Sc.D., F.R.S., President.
Dr. Epwarp Hawitron, Vice- President,
Proressor Grorar B, Howes.
Lr.-Cot. Leonarp H., Irsy.
Srr Huex Low, G.C.M.G.
Dr. St. Georar Mivart, F.R.S., Vice-President.
Prorressok ALFRED F.R.S.
Sir THomas Patne.
E. Lort Parcuirs, Esq.
Howarp Saunpers, Esq.
Partie Lurtry Scrater, Esq., M.A.,Ph.D., F.RS., Secretary.
Tue Lorn Watsinenam, F.R.S.
Newton,
PRINCIPAL OFFICERS.
P. L. Scrater, Esq., M.A., Ph.D., F.R.S., Secretary. Frank EH. Bepparp, Esq., M.A., F.R.S., Prosector. Mr. A. D. Bartrerr, Superintendent of the Gardens. Mr. F. H. Warernovse, Librarian.
Mr. Joun Barrow, Accowntant.
Mr. W. J. Wittiams, Chief Clerk,
LIST
OF THE
CONTRIBUTORS,
With References to the several Articles contributed by each. ®
Page
Awnpruaws, C. W., F.G.S., F.Z.8., Assistant in the British Museum (Natural History).
On a Skull of Orycteropus gaudryi, Forsyth Major, from
Samos yiasiaje Sore disaby crepe Helayayorerai ah ae watateiseore car MAN
Avstun, #. E., Assistant in the British Museum (Natural History). =a Notes on a Recent Zoological Expedition on the Lower
296
HAST ABOWG Pes, Lee eleh ee ai ered LaeES Usa ae Re caren cane ES 768
Barrert-Hamitron, G. E. H. See Hamitron, G. E. H. Barrart-,
Barrpert, A. D., Superintendent of the Society’s Gardens. Notes on the Breeding of the Surinam Water-Toad
(Pipa americana) in the Society’s Gardens:............ 595
iv Bateson, Wiut1aM, M.A., F.R.S., F.Z.S.
Exhibition of, and remarks upon, three Pigeons showing webbing between the toes
Buppanp, Frank E., M.A., F.R.S., Prosector to the Society.
On some Earthworms from the Sandwich Islands col- lected by Mr. R. L. Perkins ; with an Appendix on some new Species of Pericheta, &c.
CeCe
On the Oblique Septa (“‘ Diaphragm ” of Owen) in the Passerines and in some other Birds
soot ee etree ee eee tee
A Note upon Dissura episcopus, with Remarks upon the Classification of the Herodiones
.
A Contribution to the Knowledge of the Anatomy of Rhynchops
Pen Ce Ce eC Cama
ee aC eC ee Cn
On the Anatomy of a Grebe (chmophorus major), with Remarks upon the Classification of some of the Schizo- gnathous Birds
Contributions to the Anatomy of Picarian Birds.— Part II. A Note upon the Pterylosis of the Barbets and Toucans
CC Ce
Contributions to the Anatomy of Picarian Birds.— Part III. On some Points in the Anatomy of the King- fishers
eo eee eee eer eee er eres ee eter es essere sere seeene
Burripeson, Graf Hans von, C.M.Z.8.
Remarks on the Rules of Zoological Nomenclature....
Buriarson, Graf Hans von, C.M.Z.S., and Sronzmann, JBAN,
On the Ornithological Researches of M. Jean Kalinowski in Central Peru. (Plates XIII. & XIV.)
SeOnONOECEC ET Cnr EC CET)
Page
989
194
225
231
299
538
555
603
319
Vv
Brnewam, Lt.-Col. C. T., F.Z.8., F.E.S8.
A Contribution to the Knowledge of the Hymenopterous Fauna of Ceylon. (Plate XV.) ..........0. ccc eeee
Buanrorp, W. T., LL.D., F.B.S., F.Z.8., &c. Remarks on the Rules of Zoological N omenclature .... Exhibition of, and remarks upon, four heads of Ovis ammon from the North-west Altai, Central Asia, obtained by Major Cumberland ............. fer Oe OSES
Bovtrneur, GrorcEe Arpurt, F.R.S., F.Z.S.
Second Report on the Reptiles and Batrachians collected by Dr. A. Donaldson Smith during his Expedition to Lake Rudolf. (Plates VII. & VIII.) ................
On some little-known Batrachians from the Caucasus. (abia3 OGL 65 WOKING) 5500000006000 00008500000000
Remarks on the Dentition of Snakes and on the Evolu- tion of the Poison-fangs ...........2 cece cece cece eens
On the Occurrence of Schlegel’s Gavial (Lomistoma
schlegel) in the Malay Peninsula, with Remarks on the ©
Atlas and Axis of the Crocodilians .................. On a new Gecko from Penang. (Plate XXXVI.).... Descriptions of new Fishes from the Upper Shiré River,
British Central Africa, collected by Dr. Percy Rendall,
and presented to the British Museum by Sir Harry H.
Johnston, K.C.B. (Plate XLVII.) ............-+000- On the Lizards of the Genus Eremias, Section Boulen-
GG soncoceonogs a9cnooob os osnodbesoucoSEDbORSS
Browns, Epwarp T., B.A., F.Z8., Zoological Research Laboratory, University College, London.
On British Hydroids and Meduse. (Plates XVI. &
DOWILL)) caotoocc00000000) se0000 Riscdl Srepeuy cuantyemusrelaiere
Page
401
321
786
212
548
614
628 767
915
920
459
t vl
Burtur, Arraur G., Ph.D., F.LS., F.Z.S8., &., Senior Assistant Keeper of Zoology, Natural History Museum.
On a Collection of Butterflies obtained by Mr. Richard Crawshay in Nyasa-land, between the months of January eml /\joutl ISO, Cais) WI) sccococauconvccbcc0000
On the Butterflies obtained in Arabia and Somaliland by Capt. Chas. G. Nurse and Col. J. W. Yerbury in 1894 andels9 5a (PlatepX)| aeons or een rac en eee aes
On two Collections of Lepidoptera made by Mr. R. Crawshay in Nyasaland. (Plates XLI. & XLII) ......
On a Collection of Lepidoptera from Nyasa-land pre-
Page
108
242
817
sented to the Museum by Sir Harry Johnston, K.C.B., -
and collected by Mr. J. B. Yule. (Plate XLIII.)...... CampBripen, Frupuriox O. Pickarp, B.A.
On the Theraphoside of the Lower Amazons: being an Account of the new Genera and Species of this Group of Spiders discovered during the Expedition of the Steam- ship ‘Faraday’ up the River Amazons. (Plates XXXIII.— 9,9. GS DEIN ae AMR RO Mn ae oto OR See oe oe CES
Camprinas, Rev. O. Pickard, M.A., F.BS., &c.
On some new and little-known Spiders (Araneidea). (PlatesEIT ee hte rk, eet ee
Crawsnay, Riowanrp.
Remarks upon the Gnu of Nyasa-land ............
CunnineuaM, Rosert O., M.D., F.LS., F.G.S., C.M.Z.S., Professor of Natural History, Queen’s College, Belfast.
On the Occurrence of a Pair of Supernumerary Bones
in the Skull of a Lemur, and on a Peculiarity in the Skull of a young Orang
Ce Ce eC
851
716
1006
617
vii Doxirvus, ADRIEN.
On West-Indian Terrestrial Isopod Crustaceans...... 388
Drussmr, H. E., F.Z.S., &e.
Exhibition of, and remarks upon, a specimen of Pallas’s ’ Willow-Warbler shot at Cley-next-the-Sea, Norfolk .... 856
Darvon, Hamitron H., F.Z.8., F'.E.S.
Further Contributions to the Knowledge of the Bornean Lycenide, (Plates XXIX.-XKXIL) .............--- 650
Duzo1s, Dr. AupHonseE, Conservator of the Royal Museum of Natural History, Brussels, Belgium.
Description d’un nouveau Couroucou africain ........ 999
Duruam, Miss M. Enrru.
Notes on the Mode of Feeding of the Egg-eating Snake (Dasypeltis scabra). (Plate XXXII.) ..........-..--- 715
Epwanrps, Janus, I'.1.8,, and Exwes, Il. J., F.L.8., 1.2.8.
Notice of 1 Memoir containing a Revision of the European and Asiatic Butterflies of the Family Hesperide. 609
Etwss, Hunry Joun, F.LS., F.Z.8.
Remarks on the Rules of Zoological Nomenclature.... 320
Etwzs, Henry Joun, F.LS., F.Z.S., and Epwanrps, JAMzs, F.E.S. Notice of a Memoir containing a Revision of the European and Asiatic Butterflies of the Family Hespernde. 609
Friower, Stantay Smyra, 5th Fusiliers.
Notes on a Collection of Reptiles and Batrachians made in the Malay Peninsula in 1895-96; with a List of ° the Species recorded from that Region. (Plates XLIV.— D.GI\Vl) adccaacsqodgocdsnogocvgu vedo oodEdoo0 0c 856
Vili
Fiownr, Sir Witt1am Howry, K.C.B., LL.D., F.B.S., &c., President of the Society.
_ Remarks on the Rules of Zoological Nomenclature ....
Forsus, Hnyry Oaa, LL.D., F.Z.8.
Remarks on the Rules of Zoological Nomenclature ....
Fowrrr, G. Hervert, B.A., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Zoology, University College, London.
Contributions to our Knowledge of the Plankton of the Faeroe Channel.—No. ¥. (Plate L.)
wee ee we ee tere ee
Gapow, Dr. Hans, F.Z.S.
Remarks on Bone-caves in Estremadura, explored in INStoL iro tenons Mier rcanere a riceeoena a radia iow en trodia Ooi Borin
Gopman, F. DuCann, F.R.S., and Satvin, Osperr, M.A., E.R.S.
On the Butterflies of St. Vincent, Grenada, and the adjoining Islands of the West Indies
CeCe CC CC i Cy
Greeory, J. W., D.Sc., F.G.S., Assistant in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.).
On Lysechinus, a new Genus of Fossil Echinoderms from the Tyrolese Trias. (Plate LI.)
ee ee ww eee eee sere
On the Classification of the Palwozoic Echinoderms of ‘the Group Ophiuroidea
CR eC OY
Ginruer, Aubert C. L. G., M.A., M.D., F.R.S., &e.
‘Report on a Collection of Fishes made by Dr. A. Donaldson Smith during his Expedition to Lake Rudolf. (Plate IX.)
Cee iC i Cr CC ic, iC i i i array
Page
319
322
991
306
513
1000
1028
ix Hamizroy, G. E. H. Barrerr-, F.Z.8.
Exhibition of, and remarks upon, remains of the Norway Lemming (Myodes lemmus) from Portugal ............ On a Variation in the Pattern of the Teeth of a specimen of the Common Field Vole ................
On the Existence in Europe of Two Geographical Races, or Subspecies, of the Common Field Vole ............
Hameyson, G. F., B.A., &e., and Wausinewam, Lord, M.A., LL.D., F.B.S., F.Z.S.
On Moths collected at Aden and in Somaliland. (lateexny ye cteeiciavac sete ie avers pOdDODOvaGUdODODS
Hansmn, Dr. H. J. (Copenhagen).
On the Development and the Species of the Crustaceans of the Genus Sergestes ...... cece cet e ce ee sete eevee
Harrert, Henst.
Remarks on the Rules of Zoological Nomenclature....
Hitt, Lronarp, M.B.
Remarks on some Experiments on supposed cases of the Inheritance of Acquired Characters ..................
Hoxprve, R. E.
Exhibition of, and remarks upon, an Aniler of the Cir- cassian Red Deer, and a pair of Antlers of the Malayan Sambur abnormally developed ..................000-
Exhibition of, and remarks upon, the head of a three- horned Fallow Deer and a pair of Roebuck’s horns
Houtand, W.J., Ph.D., F.Z.8., F.E.S., &c., Chancellor of the- Western University of Pennsylvania.
A Preliminary Revision and Synonymic Catalogue of the Hesperiide of Africa and the adjacent . Islands, with Descriptions of some apparently new Species. (Plates.I.-V.) .......- sistaninslass erecelet ens yaeanenscnins
Page
304
598
599
257
936
319
785
618
855
x
Hoyt, Wittiam Evans, M.A., F.R.S.E.
Exhibition of, and remarks upon, some Photographs of a Snake in the act of swallowing a Mouse ............
Jacony, Martin, I'.E.S,
Remarks on the System of Coloration and Punctuation in the Beetles of the Genus Calligrapha ..............
Kirsy, F. W., F.LS., F.E.S, Remarks on the Rules of Zoological Nomenclature. .
On some Dragonflies obtained by Mr. and Mrs. Lort Phillips in Somali-land ............ 5 cess eeee ce eee
Langester, Prof. E. Ray, M.A., LL.D., F.B.S., &e.
Remarks on the Rules of Zoological Nomenclature. .
Lirrieron, The Hon. H. 8.
Exhibition of, and remarks upon, a life-sized model of the Australian Lung-fish (Ceratodus forstert) ..............
LyprxKer, RicHanp, B.A., F.R.S., F.G.S., F.L.S., F.Z.8. Additional Note on the Sea-Otter.................. On an apparently New Deer from North China, in the
Menagerie of the Duke of Bedford at Woburn Abbey. (Plates) XUV IE. & XE.) oe ee ee ee lee ccc
Masor, C. I. Forsytu, C.M.Z.8.
On the General Results of a Zoological Expedition to Madagascar in 1894-96 ............ obdcopoac0000000
Mrrcuert, P. Coanmurs, M.A., F.Z.S. On the Intestinal Tract of Birds ............000: 60 A Contribution to the Anatomy of the Hoatzin (Qpis- CLOCNIDUD CHEERS) Go0600000000000000000000000000 66 Remarks on a supposed case of ‘lelegony shown by a Fox-terrier puppy ........+0+.0s- Vo caooo0d00000 9000
Page
547
224
322
521
320
786
235
930
971
136
785
xi
Mivarz, Sr. Guores, Ph.D., M.D., F.R.S., &e. °
On the Hyoid Bones of Nestor meridionalis and Nanodes CASO 0.00 009.00000000000000n0000000000000n0 aa0000
Neumann, Oscar.
Description of a new Species of Antelope from Fast INE GodobsodooarspoconcododocadotnaddeoncoRdon
Nawesiein, Miss Marion I., B.Sc. Observations on the Metallic Colours of the Trochilide
and the Nectarinitde. (Plates XI. & XII.)............
Newton, Atrrep, M.A., F.R.S., I'.Z.S., Professor of Zoology
and Comparative Anatomy in the University of Cam-
bridge.
Exhibition of, and remarks upon, the type specimen of Heterorhynchus olivaceus .. 0... 6c cece eee eee ees
Nortu, Atrrup J.,C.M.Z.8., Ornithologist to the Australian Museum, Sydney.
On the Habits of a Cuckoo in the Gilbert Islands ....
Parsons, F. G., F.R.C.S., F.Z.8., F.L.8., Lecturer on Com- parative Anatomy at St. Thomas’s Hospital.
The Myology of Rodents.—Part IJ. An Account of the Myology of the Myomorpha, together with a Comparison of the Muscles of the various Suborders of Rodents
On the Anatomy of Petrogale xanthopus, compared with that of other Kangaroos .............. oadcd00ndode
Puass, ALFRED EH.
On the Antelopes of the Aures and Eastern Algerian SAN oocgdgoans0000b00a 0000 000d DODD G0G0GO0000C .
Page
36
192
283
990
934 °
159
683
xii Satvin, Ossrrt, M.A., F.R.S8., and Gopman, F. DuCanz,
F.RS.
On the Butterflies of St. Vincent, Grenada, and the adjoining Islands of the West Indies ................
Souavs, WILLIAM, F.Z.8.
On Walker’s American Types of Lepidoptera in the Oxford University Museum ..............00 0. cere
Sonarur, Purir Lurney, M.A., Ph.D., F.R.S., Secretary to the Society.
Report on the Additions to the Society’s Menagerie in Dk dle) Geoovoopgecsoocc 00 cccGGu000000d000 Report on the Additions to the Society’s Menagerie in damn IBD ooccococasnsbd000000c0n0000d 00000006 Report on the Additions to the Society’s Menagerie in Theyraeray WEG goo0ccnnc0c0co000doene0nosooas ONS Remarks on the Divergencies between the “ Rules for naming Animals” of the German Zoological Society and the Stricklandian Code of Nomenclature ..............
Remarks upon the prospectus of ‘ Das Tierreich ’ Remarks on the appointment of an International Committee on Zoological Nomenclature ....:......--. Report on the Additions to the Society’s Menagerie in Miedn WII “codacovcddaccdosaongd0s0g00900a0u00C Exhibition of, and remarks upon, some specimens from Nyasaland, sent home by Sir H. H. Johnston, K.O.B. Exhibition of, and remarks upon, a pair of Horns of the so-called Antilope triangularis........ ..:+sseeeeee Report on the Additions to the Society’s Menagerie in April 1896 .....0-. cee cere eee tenet eee ee etna es
Exhibition of, and remarks upon, a Daguerreotype Portrait of what was believed to have been the first Gorilla that was ever brought alive to Europe..........
Pago °
513
634
303
306 400
401
505
506
506
547
xiii
Report on the Additions to the Society's Menagerie in May 1896
Exhibition of, and remarks upon, a skin of Cercopithecus stairst from Mombasa
Ce ie ee ee ey
Exhibition of some Water-colour Drawings of African Antelopes, executed by Mr. H. Caldwell
weet twee ee eee
Exhibition of, and remarks upon, a drawing of the Gnu
of Nyasaland. (Plate XXVIII.) ...........0.0 e000, :
Report on the Additions to the Society’s Menagerie in June, July, August, September, and October 1896....
Remarks on some of the principal Animals recently noticed in the Zoological Gardens of Antwerp, Cologne, Diisseldorf, Hanover, Amsterdam, The Hague, and Rotterdam. (Plate XXXVII.)
SC Ck i Cea a rer er arr)
Report on the Additions to the Society’s Menagerie in November 1896
Exhibition of, and remarks upon, two Volumes of original Water-colour Drawings by Wolf and Waterhouse Hawkins, from the Knowsley Library
CeCe eC rt ar rar
Snap, Dr. Davin, F.RB.S., F.Z.S.
Remarks on the Rules of Zoological Nomenclature....
SHanpp, Eminry Mary.
List of Lepidoptera collected in Somali-land by Mrs. E. Lort Phillips
seem ew weet we tee te ee nee ee etre ete seces
List of Lepidoptera obtained by Dr. A. Donaldson Smith during his recent Expedition to Lake Rudolf ....
Sumurpokrn, C. Davis, F.Z.S.
Explanation of the Plan adopted for preparing an ‘Index Generum et Specierum Animalium ’
Page .
608
609
609
616
780
783
981
981
321
523
530
610
XIV
Page SronzMann, JHAN,and Buriupscn, Graf Haws von, C.M.Z.8. On the Ornithological Researches of M. Jean Kalinowski in Central Peru. (Plates XIII. & XIV.) ............ 322 Trenrmetur, W. B., F.Z.S. Exhibition of some drawings of two young King- Penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) ©... 0.6... cece eee 1 Exhibition of, and remarks upon, an actinograph of a “it owered mar LArtrid Pera ti-tcieriakicreoiererciceiiae 991 Tuomas, OLDFIELD, I'.Z.8., Natural History Museum. On the Mammals of Nyasa-land: fourth Notice. (Plates XXXVIIT. & XXXTX.) .................... 788 On the Genera of Rodents: an Attempt to bring up to Date the current Arrangement of the Order .......... 1012 Tuomson, ARTHUR, Head-Keeper of the Society’s Menagerie. Report on the Insect-house for 1895 .............. 240 WatstnaHam, Lord, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S., F.Z.S., and Hampson, G. F., B.A., &e. On Moths collected at Aden and in Somaliland. QED AG) cobs sg ooodocobbopoopsodoo oon KDDDOObeo~ 257 Wurraker, Joszru §., F.Z.S. On the Gazelles of Tunisia ...............0.5.00- 815
Winton, W. EL. vz, F.Z.8. On some Mammals from Ecuador. (Plates XIX. & XX.) 507
On a new Rodent of the Genus Lophuromys from British East Africa, (Plate XXVII.)................ 607
On Collections of Rodents made by Mr. J. ffolliott Darling in Mashunaland, and Mr, F. C. Selous in Matabeleland, with short Field-Notes by the Collectors. GUD 2M) sooohoouansouuuscogoun udaegosscagouean 798
xV
Page Woopwanrp, A. Smiru, F.Z.8. “ On some Extinct Fishes of the Teleostean Family Gonorhynchide. (Plate XVIII.) ...... ........00.. 500
Woonwarp, M. F., Demonstrator of Zoology, Royal College of Science, London.
Contributions to the Study of Mammalian Dentition.—
Part II. On the Teeth of certain Insectivora. (Plates XXIII-XXVI.)
LIST OF PLATES.
1896. ' Plate Page 1. Il. Il, -African Hesperiidee ...........0.. cee cee eee ee 2 IV. v.J VI. New Lepidoptora from Nyasn-land ...... Boos bo0008 108 WAN PA gaia area iin s esersvsise craps cusses ol nieke ceeyte apostle } 219 WiIAgamaliionous manners race oreer cc ct UX. Synodontisismrthi . 000. ..ccssenssestsceee sss sees 217 X. Lepidoptera from Arabia and Somaliland .......... 243 ee Metallic colours of Trochilida and Nectariniide .... 283 XII. Dubusia stictocephala ........ cece ec cn cen esnnes ! 399 XIV. Tyranniscus frontalis 20.0.6... cece eee eee eee XV. Ceylonese Hymenoptera.............2.sereneavees 401 aii British, Madusssuysapinds een 7 Oe 5 ean neal 459 XVIII. Extinct Gonorhynchid Fishes .................... 500 XIX. Pudua mephistophiles 00.0.0... ccc cece cece cues, t XX. MIchthyomys séderstromt ........... 0.0 cee evens ui
XXI. Fig. 1. Rana camerant; Fig. 2. Pelodytes caucasicus, XXII. Fig. 1. Salamandra caucasica; Fig. 2. Molge ain XXIi.
XXV. Development of the Teeth in the Insectivora ..... ».. 557 XXVI. KXVIL. Lophuromys ansorget .........0 ccc ec e cee c ev ceees 607 XXVIII. Connocheées taurinus johnstont.........0c.eceeaces 616 XXIX. XXX.) Bornean Lyconide.................00005 aooodcod 650 XXXI. XXXID. Dasypeltis scabra...... 0... cect cece etn nceees 715 XXXIII. XXXIV, { Nem Theraphoside from the Lower Amazons ...... 716 XXXV.
Proo. Zoor. Soo.—1896. 6
XViil
Page Mimetozoon flowert (... ccc cece cece ee eer ceeeees 767 Haliaetus brantchit..... 0.0. cece cence eee nena 784 Papto prwinosus oss cveeccccecevnccccseccceaaes 788
Raphiceros sharpet ..c..cseveevscccccerceeees A Fig. 1. Georychus darlingi; Fig. 2. Acomys seloust .. 798 New Lepidoptera from Nyasa-land. (Collected by Ike, One 74) panc0 09 o0000nb000000000000000C 817 New Lepidoptera from Nyasa-land. (Collected by Wb; (OFAPENCI A) goo0c0dc0000000500000000000000 New Lepidoptera from Nyasa-land, (Collected by Rib; MANE) odoluclclbonboeogosd0o00N S000 000000000 851 Malay Reptiles and Batrachians. Fig. 1. Gonatodes penangensis; Fig. 2. Rhacophorus leucomystax ;
Fig. 3. Bufo melanostictus .......0ceeeeeceaee 856 Malay Batrachians. Fig. 1. Rana macrodon ; Fig. 2.
R. erythrea; Vig. 3. R. labialis................ f Malay Batrachians. Rana luctuosa .............. J IRD GUADINTD ooco00gd0e0.e ope DoDDDDOODDONN 915 Deer from North China (in Summer pelage) ...... 980 Deer from North China (in Winter pelage) ..-..... Plankton of the Faeroe Channel.................. 991 Lysechinus and Tiarechinus.....-....eeccevencens 1000
New or little-known Spiders ...............00. .- 1006
LIST OF WOODCUTS.
1896.
Page Gorgyra abure, 3, Head and nouration of ..........6...2 2500 aol Gastrocheta meza, Neuration and palpi of ...............e.0e 00s 387 Teinorhinus watsont, 3, Neuration of ......... 0.0 cee eee eee eee 40 Rhabdomantis galatia, Neuration of. .......... 00sec eee eee eee 44 Semalea pulvina, Neuration of ....... 0... c see e eevee teen e eens 65 Andronymus philander, Neuration of ........... eee ee cence eee: 81 Choristoneura apicalis, Neuration of..........++.0000+ arate ate 83 Gama galua, Antenne: and palpi of........... 0. cer eee cece eee 84 Cenides dacela, Neuration of.........-... 0c cece eee e et tet ee eene 86 Artitropa erinnys, 5, Neuration of ............. cece eee ete aes 92 Acallopistes holocausta, §, Head and neuration of................ 96 Alligator mississiprensis, Intestinal tract Of ............+0see ee eee 137
Argus giganteus, Intestinal tract of, from a chick after incubation for Um, CEES. Soooondocboo ppcooeg boon bgondodgoanaD0oonD0NC 188 Casuarius, Intestinal tract Of 6.2.0... eee ee ce tee eens 140 Struthio camelus, Intestinal tract Of............ 00. se ee eee ee ees 141 Colymbus septentrionalis, Intestinal tract of .............- toe tk 142 Eudyptes chrysocome, Intestinal tract of ...........0..0+ sence ee 142 Fulmarus glacialis, Intestinal tract of ........... 0... eee e eee e ee 143 Platalea leucorodia, Intestinal tract of ............. 000. ee eee ees 144 Ciconia nigra, Intestinal tract of ......... 6. eee eee eee 145 Chauna chavaria, Intestine of ......... 0. cece ee eee tee eee eee 146 Cygnus atratus, Intestinal tract of ............ cece eee eee 147 Haliaétus albicilla, Intestinal tract of ........... cece esse ee eee 148 Crex pratensis, Intestinal tract of .............-.-. sees eee ees 149 Cariama cristata, Intestinal tract of............... eee eee eee 150 Numenius arquata, Intestinal tract of ................e eee eee ees 151 Scolopax rusticola, Intestinal tract of ............. 0. essence eeee 161 Larus marinus, Intestinal tract of....... ......0005 sara bieaktne vial OS Pterocles bicinctus, Intestinal tract of ............000055 oodnOviod 1563 Columba livia, Intestinal tract of 2.0.6.0... cee eee tee eee , 158 Corythaix chlorochlamys, Intestinal tract of.......... dgunonecd te 164 Ara ararauna, Intestinal tract Of. .... 66.6. cece eee eee eee 155 Bubo maximus, Intestinal tract of ..........ese ces eeeeeseeeeee 156
Rhytidoceros plicatus, Intestinal tract of .........0..2eeceeeeeees 157
Page
Colius capensis, Intestinal tract of ........ cece eee eee e eee 157 Parus major, Totestinal tract of 1.0.0... cece eee ee eee ee 158 ’ Vole, Masticatory muscles of,.............0 cece eect eee tenes 160 Hamster’s masseter, Superficial dissection of ..........0..+20.005 161 Hamster’s masseter, Deep dissection of ...........-+0. sees sees 162 Heteromys, Masseter of ......... 00. c eect eee e eee e ee e ee neee 162 Bathyergus, Face-muscles of .........6. 0.0 cee cece eee eee eee 163 Rhizomys, Scalene muscles of .......... 60. eee cece eee eee 166 Rhizomys, Shoulder-muscles of............ 0 - eee eee eee ee eee 168 Heteromys, Pouch-muscles of ..........-+ 602s eee eee eee ees 174, 175 Hamster, Neck-muscles of............. 0. ceeeeee sete eee ene eee 176 Pericheta perkinst, Spermiducal gland of .............-++.+--- 200 Pericheta insule, Oviducal pore of ...... 0. ccc eect teen eee 206 SRT ULE oo ob Hu GhaooG on FOOD OHODC DOOD OG G~OoDG00N. 210 Clavius smithii, Teeth Of 1.0... cece cece ene n nee 219 Synodontis geledensis ..... 6.06 cece cece ence tee ee tnt ene 220 Synodontis schal ..... 0. ccc cece nce eee eben teen eens 221
Duck, Diagrammatic transverse section through the thorax of a.... 227 Crow, Diagrammatic transverse section through the thorax of a.... 227 Rook, Abnormal and thoracic viscera of, displayed by removal of
abdominal muscles) sjarieliacl\ieetlele-telsiorsieteleleysiekoteretas stenosis 229 Dissura episcopus, Syrink Of 1... 0... cece e eee eee ees 232 Abdimia sphenorhyncha, Syvinx of «0... .. 0. eee eee ee cere 233 Leptoptilus, Diagram of the syrinx of .......-...-. 0... e ee eee 234 Sea-Otter in walking posture.........0.... eee ees e eee renee eee 235 Nestor meridionalis, Hyoid of ........... 0c cece ee tee eee eee eee 237 Lathamus discolor, Hyoid of... .. 0... 0c cece cece e ene e ee ee 239 Orycteropus gaudryi, Skull of 61.1... eevee eee eee ee eee ees 297 Rhynchops, Muscles of the patagium of ........-.-0.+..-... 008s 300 Larus argentatus, Patagial tendons of..........-++-. sees eee ees 301 Rhynchops, Syvink Of 6.0... cece eee nee eens 3802
Armadillo tenuipunctatus, Upper and underside of cephalon and first two segments of pereion, and of fifth segment of pleon, pleotelson,
THONOE, Gi ondonesoosoneo0onGgous0doH0opDaD00000000 were. 889 Armadillo depressus, ditto 6.0.66. eee ete ee 390 Armadillo dumorum, Gitto... 6... cece eee eeee 391 Armadillo cinctas, ditto .. 0.0.0... cette eee cette teeter cees 892 Armadillo grenadensis, dittO . 6.6... cece cece tence ete tenes 893 Armadillo silvarum, itto ... 6. cic cence ee eee eens 894 Armadillo zigzag, ditto... 1... eee ee eet ete n ene 895 Armadillo perlatus, ditto . 0... 6... cee e ee eee eee renee es 395 Armadillo viticola, ditto 2... cece ete ee teetteet ee aee 396 Mesarmadillo modestus, QittO oo 26... cece cee ee tee teens 397 Mesarmadillo americanus, dittO 1.0... cece eect ee tee 398 Mesarmadillo reflexus, ditto ...... 0.6 c eee eee eee .. 399 Haplarmadillo monocellatus, ditto... . 6.6.66 v eee eee eee eee, 400 Gorilla, Head of female ........ 0... eee e cece ete te eee e ee eee 505
Pudua humilis, Side and palatal views of the skull of ....,....... 510
XXi
Page Pudua mephistophiles, Side and palatal views of the skullof .,...: 510 Aichmophorus, Syvinx Of 1.0... 0c cece even ence cence een e anaes 541 Tachybaptes, Syrink Of ......... eee ee cere ee Doauveene as desioondn 541 Synthliborhamphus antiquus, Tensores patagii of ............005% 544 Lunda cirrhata, Tensores patagii of ......... 060 ees e tee eens 545 Ceratorhina monocerata, Tensores patagii of ............2s..0ee 545 Ceratorhina monocerata, Syrink Of ........ 60sec e cece eens 546 Lomvta trotle, Syrink of... 0.0... eee eee eects ... 546 Pelodytes caucasicus, Skeleton of, from a sciagraph, upper and lower WEL coogovoodooapoodoogoddaDoDtaneoDO Doo UOHOCOURd O00 552 Megalema asiatica, Feather-tracts of ....:..-. 0. cece ee neces 556 Diagram of the tooth-succession in a polyphyodont reptile ........ 583 Diagram illustrating the relation of a molar tooth-germ to the dental TET iON at ere eRE OST ORES ACL AY CECE Te crc ON HERG IC OREM Och can 5838 Surinam Water-Toads in copuld ......... 0. cece eee eet ete 595 Surinam Water-Toad, after deposition of eggs ..............5055 596 Microtus agrestis, First upper molars of: diagram of typical and DOOM 5 sonc0c0cccg0900000000000000000000000000 seeeee 598 Halcyon rufa, Tendons of tensor patagii brevis of.............+.. 605 Ceryle alcyon, Tendons of tensor patagii brevis of......... ...... 605 Sauropatis albicilla, Tendons of tensor patagii brevis of .......... 605 Abnormal horns of Wild Goat from the Caucasus................ 618 Opisthocomus cristatus, Intestinal convolutions of ................ 619 Opisthocomus cristatus, Dissection of hyoidean muscles of ........ 622 Opisthocomus cristatus, Thigh-muscles of ...............0es0ees 626 Opisthocomus cristatus, Leg-muscles of,...... dobdnosucdoonseodas 626 Tomistoma, Atlas and axis Of ..........eeee cette neces ee eenes 630 Metriorhynchus, Atlas and axis Of ......... ee essences cere eeees 633 Petrogale, Skull of, showing os antiepilepticum.................. 685 IRR, ASAI OP oonocovon00000G000005000000000000000000000 686 Petrogale, First lumbar vertebra of, with hypapophysis .......... 687 Petrogale, Knee-joint of....... 22... cee eect ee cee te eect eees 690 Petrogale, Lower end of femur of, with ligaments attached........ 691 Petrogale, Ankle-joint of .......... cece cece e eee n wesc nate 692 Petrogale, Pectoral muscles of ....... Ye retss A Le ceVecievarerstaaceisle 696 Petrogale, Muscles of the sole of ..............++0008. Ov0000000 703 Petrogale, Cervical and brachial plexuses of ........ d00000b00000 707 Petrogale, Lumbo-sacral plexus of ...........6:esecueeveeeees . 711 Loder’s Gazelle, 2, Head of.......... 2... cece eee cence eee eee 781 Owisammon, Head! Of- 7.0. cc cnc dscns ee ses cleecin eco vne 787 Adax, Horns’ of, front View, ©. ....0.-:0-s+cec sree se eeverstee 811 “ Rhime,” Horns of......... 0... cece eee eee eet oboogeeoganN 814 ec Adami,” Hornsiof: esis oirec im sinicciels|ecitheieieielsiaysie nsec Senerstee 814 Fallow-deer, Head of Three-horned..........+.....secceseeeees 855 Chromis rend allt 0.60.0. cs seers sre nesses orvetsvuces +o. 916 Oreochromis shiranus .....0..0ccc cece eee et sa nseeetsereetaes 917 “Docimodus johnstont .......+0ccecevecveecvccsrsseceeccs see. 918
Corematodus shiranus ....cccccaccccvccucccecctevesvcccsscrecs 919
Page
Eremias mucronata ......... nada0ddonDG00000009000000000000 922 Eremias erythrosticta .......0....00008 po000G0000 g0000000 .. 924 Eremias smitht ...... hoon eDD 900D0000000000000000 Mea yatoloskelses 925 Eremias striata............4. Gavoasoobooone joono00Gd soo000a | GEMt E remias brennert .... ccc veer eevee Den AnD oOBE 00000006 000000 929 Lemur, Skull of, from above ..........0 sever ee eens nadogccod se
Orang, Skull of (left side) 1.0.0... eee eee ee eee Rte da 998 Orang, Skull of (right side) ...............5 Honsadheosanaaogs 998 Protaster sedgwicki, Forbes, Structure of the arm of ,........... 1031° Protaster biforis: a, outline of dise of arms; 6, pair of syngnaths., 1033 Protaster biforis, Diagram of the arm-structure of ............+- 1033 Bundenbachia, Arm-structure Of .......0.. reece cence eee es 1034 Lapworthura, Diagram of the arm-structure of, seen from ventral
BIDS opera stervepe rer ctape ie steress Gia ctokslense siotalctivarsnstatcresbaicucterersbataleretarte 1037
LIST OF NEW GENERIC TERMS.
Page Acallopistes (Lep.) ............ 95 Acidaliastis (Lep.) ........+.+ 267 Actius (Arachn.) .....0....50008 1000 Andronymus (Lep.) ..... a0 80 Anisaspoides (Arachn.).. 726 Aplectropus (Lep.) ..... 275 Archinola (Lep.) .............. 258 Artitropa (Lep.),.......ssecreeee 92 COsenides (Lep.) ......sc.0eseeeee 85 Corematodus (Pisces) Orinipus (Lep.) ........... meee Oycelyrius (Lep.)........+. pocno0ad 830 Dictenus (Lep.)........ Docimodus (Pisces) Eospondylus (Echinod.) ...... 1039 Friula (Arachn.) .........s0000 1008 Gamia (Lep.) ..csescccsecereseeee . 84 Gastrochsta (Lep.) .. 37 Gorgyra (Lep.) .........s000 we) ol
Haplarmadillo (Orustacea)... 399 \ Harmonicon (Arachn.)......... 765
1896.
: Page Lapworthura (Hchinod.) ...... 1037 Lysechinus (Echinod.) ......... 1001 Mantoides (Lop.) .sss....ec0ec0. 677 Melodeus (Arachn.) ..... se 768 Mimetozoon (Rept.) ........006 767 Miospondylus (Echinod.)...... 1039 Neodiplura (Arachn.) ..... see 755 Osphantes (Lep.) oos-.----+e wae 46 Parosmodes (Lep.) .......0008 . 45 Phthoropoa (Lep.) s.s.cc00. 282 Platylesches (Lep.) ......+0s00 72 Prosopalpus (Lep.) ......c0e0. 53 -Rhabdomantis (Lep.) ......... 44 Santaremia (Arachn.) ......... 746 Scotinochroa (Lep.) ........6+4 845 Semalea (Lep.) cco. 64 Sturtzura (Hchinod.) ........ . 1034
Teniura (Echinod.) ............ 1088
‘s Piva lots tan ; iets F
ea :
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
GENERAL MEETINGS FOR SCIENTIFIC BUSINESS
OF THE
ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.
January 14, 1896. Dr. W. T. Buanrorp, F.R.S., Vice-President, in the Chair.
The Secretary read the following report on the additions to the Society’s Menagerie during the month of December 1895 :—
The total number of registered additions to the Society’s Mena- gerie during the month of December was 98, of which 57 were by presentation, 1 by exchange, 34 by purchase, and 6 were received on deposit. The total number of departures during the same period, by death and removals, was 92.
Amongst these attention may be called to the two specimens of Forsten’s Lorikeet (Z'richoglossus forsteni), obtained by purchase. Of this scarce Parrot no examples have been previously received by the Society, and the species appears to be unrepresented in the British Museum (see Cat. Birds B. M. xx. p. 51).
Mr. W. B. Tegetmeier exhibited some drawings by Mr. Frohawk of two young King-Penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) in down plumage, living in the Society’s Gardens.
Proo. Zoot. Soo.—1896, No. I. 1
2 DR. W. J. HOLLAND ON THE AFRICAN [Jan. 14, The following papers were read :—
1. A Preliminary Revision and Synonymic Catalogue of the Hesperiide of Africa and the adjacent Islands, with Descriptions of some apparently new Species. By W. J. Hotzanp, Ph.D., F.Z.S., F.1LS., &e., Chancellor of the Western University of Pennsylvania.
[Received November 6, 1895.] (Plates 1.-V.)
Having been for a number of years past engaged in the diligent study of the Lepidoptera of Tropical Western Africa, and having been compelled in the prosecution of these studies to acquaint myself with the entire literature of the subject, it has occurred to me that it might facilitate the labours of others, who may be tempted to embark upon the same line of investigation, or who may already be involved in the tangled mazes of the subject, if I should at least attempt to bring together into one paper the scattered references to the various species. I have therefore begun a synonymic catalogue of the Diurnal Lepidoptera of the African Continent and the adjacent Islands, but am led by the advice of trusted friends to anticipate the publication of the more extended catalogue by the following paper, in which is contained a list of a very difficult group of Butterflies included in the fauna. Jam led the more readily to take this step in view of the results of the recent labours of Lieut. E. Y. Watson, who, ina paper recently published in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society upon the Classification of the Hesperiidw (P. Z. 8. 1893, p. 3), has laid solid foundations for the prosecution of systematic researches in the future. I have in the main followed the classification which he has suggested in his valuable paper, which, while confessedly incomplete, and leaving some things to be desired, is, nevertheless, one of the most notable contributions to the literature of the subject which has recently appeared. Based, as it is, upon an accurate and painstaking examination of the anatomical details and structural peculiarities of the various species represented in the collections of the British Museum and the magnificent collec- tion of Messrs. Godinan and Salvin, it may in the main be accepted as free from the blemishes which characterize much of the work done in this group by authors, who have relied almost wholly upon superficial resemblances. In the few cases in which I have departed from the classification of Lieut. Watson, it has been because I have been able to make more careful anatomical investi- gations than it was possible for him to do with the material at his command. <A private collector may do as he will with his own, and may bleach and dissect specimens, when it would be little less than a crime for the authorities of a Museum like that at South Kensington to allow such treatment to be bestowed upon the
p PZ.S5.1896. Plate L.
West, Newman chromo hth
Afrie an Fle speriudee
PZ.5.1896.Plate II
West,Nevanan chirome hth.
Atrican tle speridee
PZ.§ 1896 .Plate II.
West, Newrnan chromo hth
African Hespernde.
PZ.S 1826 Plate IV.
hth
West Newman chromo
24
African Hesperndaee.
PZS1896 Plate. V.
West,Nevanan chromo lith.
African He speriice.,
ogee Ne Nl
-
1896.} BUDTHRFLIBS OF THD FAMILY HESPERIIDS. 3
précious types of Hewitson and other great naturalists, who have placed their collections in the care of the institution.
In following up my labours I have been greatly aided by the possession of a large mass of well determined Indian material, which I have been accumulating for many years past, and particu- larly by the possession of the Knyvett collection, for which I am indebted to the generous kindness of Mr. Andrew Carnegie, my distinguished fellow-townsman, whose interest in all things relating to the advancement of science is well known. I have derived much assistance from the collections which I have received from Mr. William Doherty, the well-known naturalist explorer of the far East, and from the collections for which I am indebted to Mr. L. de Nicéville, of Calcutta, whose great work upon the Lepidoptera of India is a monument to his painstaking diligence and scientific acumen. I am no less indebted to Mr. Roland Trimen, the late learned Curator of the South-African Museum at Capetown, whose labours upon the fauna of extra-tropical Africa are classic, and who
‘with the most engaging kindness has presented me with authenti- cally determined specimens of most of the species named by him. It is much to be wished that all authors might acquire those habits of exact observation and clear description which are possessed by this Nestor among lpidopterists, whose diagnoses of the various species contained in his last work upon the Butterflies of South Africa are so exact ag almost to make the work of pictorial repre- sentation superfluous. Iam under very special obligations to the authorities of the British Natural History Museum not only for permission to freely study the collections in their possession, but for permission to have drawings made of the hitherto unpublished types of the late Mr. Hewitson and of Dr. Butler. | have to thank Dr. Karsch of the Berlin Museum, and Dr. Rogenhofer of the Imperial Museum at Vienna, for similar kindnesses. From Mons. Mabille of Paris I have received most distinguished courtesies, and I am indebted to him for the opportunity to ex- amine personally the types of many of his recently described species, and for the use of a number of copies of the unpublished figures of Ploetz. Ploetz made no collection of specimens during his lifetime, but contented himself with making drawings, not always very accurate, of the species which he described in the collection of others, or which he found figured in various works. These figures are in many cases our only safe clue to a knowledge of the species he named, for his descriptions are in many instances very unsatis- factory. I cannot fail in this connection to express my indebtedness to Lieut. Watson, who compared many of the species in my collection with the types in the British Museum, and assigned them to the respective genera to which they belong in his classi- fication, and to Dr. Butler and Mr. Herbert Druce for their generous assistance at all times freely given. Among American entomologists, I am especially indebted to Dr. S. H. Scudder of Cambridge, who, upon the oécasion of his last visit to Europe, did me the great favour of comparing aseries of drawings of fae species
1
4: DR, W. J. HOLLAND ON THB AFRICAN (Jan. 14,"
in my collection with the types in the Berlin Museum and in the Museums of Paris and London. But great as is the debt of gratitude I owe to these valued friends and colabourers, it is even exceeded by my obligations to Dr. Otto Staudinger of Dresden, who entrusted to the ocean all the types of African Hesperiidae and all the unnamed material in his vast collection, and freely sent them to me for purposes of study and comparison. For this act of great generosity I cannot sufficiently thank him.
In submitting the following pages to the attentive consideration of specialists, it is with a sense of the manifold defects which must in the lapse of time be found to be contained therein. With the exercise of the utmost care, and with all the help of the learned, errors are unavoidable. In all cases where doubt attaches in my mind to a generic reference, it is indicated. Absolute certainty in this respect is not easily attained in some cases. While two-thirds of the species accredited to the African fauna are represented in my own collection, in some cases by enormously large series of specimens, and I have seen in nature probably four-fifths of the species of the Hesperitde which have been described as coming from Africa, nevertheless in not a few cases I have been compelled to rely wholly upon illustrations and the suggestions of resemblance made by authors for an approximate location of the species. Yet, in spite of the defects which must of necessity exist in this work, F venture to express the confident belief that it will be found to mark a distinct advance in our knowledge of the subject.
RHOPALOCERA. ‘Fam. HESPERIID A. Subfam. HEsPrriin 2,
Sazanausa, Moore. (Hyda, Mab.; Eretis, Mab.; Sape, Mab.)
The differences of a structural character between the species assigned to the genus Eretis, Mab., and Sarangesa, Moore, are so slight as in my estimation not to justify a separation, except subgenerically. The principle difference is in the waved outline, of the secondaries and the relatively longer fringes in the form’ Eretis.
* Eruris, Mab.
1. S. DIzLALA, Waller.
~ Pterygospidea djelele, Wallgr. K. 8. Vet.-Akad. Handl. 1857 ; Lep. Rhop. Caffr. p. 54, no. 5.
Nisoniades umbra, Trim, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. (8) vol. i. p- 289 (1862)... A oa Gelele, Trim. Rhop. Afr. Austr. vol. ii, p. 311, no. 204
1896.] : BUTTERFLIES OF THH FAMILY HESPERIIDA. 5
Pterygos. djelele, §. Afr. Butt. vol. iii. p. 254, pl. xii. fig. 7, 2 Cees
', Hab. 8. Africa.
Lieut. Watson, P. Z. S. 1893, p. 48, calls attention to the fact that the species in the British Museum which has been identified by Mr. Butler from various localities’ in Northern and Eastern Africa as S. djelele, Wallgr., is not that species, and is apparently unnamed. This form, which is common in Abyssinia and elsewhere, is more closely related to S. motozi, Wallgr., nnd falls into the sub- genus Sape of Mabille. Mons. Mabille, I discover, has labelled it as S. nerva, Kabr., in.the collection of Dr. Staudinger, and so also has labelled it for me. It certainly is not the insect described under this name by Fabricius, and I have therefore ventured else- where to name and describe it (vide S. eléminata, Holl., p. 9).
2. 8. tuaENs, Rogenhfr. (Plate II. fig. 10.)
2 (6 sec. Rghfr., sed non sec. Rebel). Pterygospidea (agiades, Ploetz) lugens, Rogenhfr. Ann. Hofmus. Wien, vol. vi. p. 46 (1891).
3. Pterygospidea morosa, Rogenbfr. Ann. Hofmus. Wien, vol. vi. p- 463 (1891). :
Hab. Marangu, Tropical Africa (Von Hoehnel).
I am under profound, obligations to Dr. Rogenhofer, of the Imperial Museum in Vienna, and to Dr. Rebel, his assistant, for having kindly furnished me with most carefully executed drawings of the two forms characterized as above by Dr. Rogenhofer. Dr. Rebel writes me as follows :—‘I have taken occasion to critically examine the two unique types of P. lugens, Rehfr., and P. morosa, Rghfr., and have positively ascertained that both names apply to one species. The name lugens, Rghfr., must stand, inasmuch as it is the first in the order of publication. Rogenhofer is in error in regarding the type of Zugens as a male; it is most positively a female. ‘The name morosa must therefore sink as a synonym (=6 of lugens). a
3. S. MELANIA, Mab.
Eretis melania, Mab. C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1891, p. Ixxi; ‘Watson, P. Z. S. 1893, p. 48; Karsch, Berl. Ent. Zeit. Bd. XXXViii. p- 264, 9 ? (1893).
Hab. Gaboon ; Togoland ?
Dr. Karsch refers a female before him with doubt to the species described by Mabille. In the vast series of specimens which I have received from Gaboon, I have never found one which tallies exactly with the type or description of Mons. Mabille. I thought that the following species might be the same, but having compared my type with the original type of #. melania in the collection of Dr. Staudinger, I am quite sure of the distinctness of the two species. S.melania may be readily distinguished from S. perpaupera, which it closely resembles at first sight, by the fact that thefringes
6 » DR. W.J. HOLLAND ON TH AFRIOAN [Jan. 14,
of the primaries, which are fuscous, are checkered with black at the ends of the nervules, and are conspicuously white at the apex and at the inner angle. The specimen in Dr. Staudinger’s collection is labelled “ melanina” in the handwriting of Mons. Mabille. The published name is melania, and this of course stands,
4. 8. purpaurrra, Holl. ' Sarangesa perpaupera, Holl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) vol. x. p. 288 (1892); Ent. News, Jan. 1894, pl. i. fig.1, ¢.
Hab. Upper Valley of the Ogové River (Good); Angola (Stau- dinger).
5. S. exprompra, Holl.
Sarangesa exprompta, Holl. Ent. News, Jan. 1894, p. 26, pl. i. fig. 3, S.
Hab. Accra.
The type was purchased from Doncaster with a lot of other African material. Whether the locality label attached to the specimen is correct I cannot be positively certain, as some of the things bought at the time were plainly not from the Hecallintss indicated upon the labels.
6. S. astrigmra, Butl. (Plate II. fig. 8.)
S. astrigera, Butl. P. Z. 8. 18938, p. 669.
Hab. Zomba, British Central Africa.
I only know this species by the description given by the author, and the figure prepared by Mr. Horace Knight, which is reproduced upon the plate. I place it in this section of the genus with much doubt, but it plainly belongs here, rather than elsewhere,
** Hypa, Mab.
7. S. erisna, Hew.
Pterygospidea grisea, Hew. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) vol. i. p. 344 (1878).
Hyda micacea, Mab. Bull. Soc. Ent. France, (6) vol. ix. p. elxvii (1889) ; Novit. Lepidopt. p. 93, pl. xiii. fig. 3 (1893).
Hab. Gaboon, Liberia.
Weymer in Stiibel’s ‘ Reise,’ p. 126, pl. iv. fig. 5, describes and illustrates a species from Ecuador as Hesperia micacea. Inasmuch as Mabille’s name drops as a synonym in the case of the present species, that of Weymer should be allowed to stand for the species he named.
8. §. rrtomrata, Mab.
Hyda tricerata, Mab. C. R. Soc. Ent, Belg. 1891, p. evi; Novit. Lepidopt. p. 92, pl. xiii. fig. 2.
Hab. aa Leone, Cameroons, Gaboon,
1
1896.] BUTTERFLIES OF THN FAMILY HESPERIIDZ.
9. S. mazorELLA, Mab.
Hyda majorella, Mab. C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1891, P cvii; Novit. Lepidopt. p. 92, pl. xiii. fig. 1 (1893).
Eretis motoz, Waller. (?), Karsch, Berl. Ent. Zeit. vol. xxxviii. p- 264, pl. vi. fig. 11 (1893).
Hab. Sierra Leone (Mabille) ; Topoland (Karsch).
*# Sapn, Mab.
10, 8. pvorpmLta, Mab. (Plate II. fig. 22.)
Rape lucidella, Mab. C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1891, pl. Ixvii.
The type specimen in the collection of Dr. Staudinger is some- what worn, but shows that the insect is abundantly distinct from the other species herein enumerated. This is brought out clearly in the figure given.
11. 8. morozt1, Waller.
Q. Pterygospidea motozi, Waller. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl. 1857 ; Lep. Rhop. Caffr. p. 53; ¥ Trim. Rhop. Afr. Austr. vol. ii. p. 318, no. 206, pl. vi. fig. 3 ; ¢ and Q, Trim. S. Afr. Butt. vol. ui. p. 356 (1889).
2. Misoniades pato, Trim. Trans. Ent. Soe. Lond. (8) vol. i. p. 404 (1862).
Hab. South Africa.
12. 8. moroziorpEs, Holl.
Sarangesa motozioides, Holl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) vol. x. B 288 (1892); Ent. News, Jan. 1894, pl. i. fig. 5, 9 ; Butl. ®,
P. Z. 8. 1893, p. 668.
Hab. Transvaal (in Stauding ger’ s collection) : Gaboon (Good).
The male described by me in the ‘Annals and Magazine of Natural History,’ and subsequently figured in the ‘ Entomological News,’ turns out to be the male of the species described by Mabille as Pterygospidea bouviert, if thorough reliance may be placed upon the identification made in the collection of Dr. Staudinger by Mons. Mabille, the author of the species. So far I have not been able to find in any collection a true male of S. motozioides, Holl. The female may be separated at a glance from the female of S. motozi by the absence of the conspicuous translucent spot in the cell of the secondaries, which is characteristic of motozt, Wallgr., and by the fact that "the translucent spots in the primaries are much smaller than in typical motozt.
13. 8. synustaLMunvs, Karsch.
Antigonus synestalmenus, Karsch, Berl. Ent. Zeit. vol. xxxviii. p- 263, pl. vi. fig. 8 (1893). This species is very closely allied upon the upper surface to
8 DR, W. J. HOLLAND ON THH AFRIOAN {Jan. 14,
S. bouviert, Mab., and S. pertusa, Mab., but upon the underside reveals great differences. Hab. Togoland (Karsch).
14. S. prrrvsa, Mab. Sape pertusa, Mab. C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1891, p. lxviii. Hab. Transvaal.
The type would seem to indicate that this is only a slight variety of motozi, Wallgr.
15. 8. Bouvrsri, Mab. Pterygospidea bouviert, Mab. Bull. Soc, Zool. France, 1877, . 239.
Sarangesa motozioides, 6, Holl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) vol. x. p. 288 (1892); Ent. News, Jan. 1894, pl. i. fig. 4, ¢.
For the determination of this species I am indebted to Dr. Staudinger, who has loaned me a male and female determined for him by the author of the species. By the description originally given by Mons. Mabille, I should not have been able to reach a positive conclusion, as the description seems to be somewhat inadequate.
16. S. runora, Ploetz. (Plate V. fig. 14.)
Antigonus thecla, Ploetz, 8. EH. Z. vol. xl. p. 361 (1879).
Sape semialba, Mab. C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1891, p. Ixvii; Karsch, Berl. Ent. Zeit. vol. xxxviii. p. 262.
By comparison of the type of Mons. Mabille with a figure of the type of Ploetz, which is reproduced in the plates accompany- ing this article, I am able to positively affirm the identity of the two.
Hab. Aburi (Ploetz); W. Africa (Mabille); Cameroons (Good) ; Togoland (Karsch).
17. S. rHncLIpEs, sp. nov. (Plate V. fig. 3.)
¢. Antenne black, slightly lighter on the underside, the upper- side of the palpi, thorax, and abdomen is fuscous. The lower side of the palpi is yellowish. The lower side of the thorax and abdo- men is pure white. The legs are white, narrowly edged with blackish upon the anterior margins. The ground-colour of the upperside of the primaries and secondaries is fuscous ochraceous. The primaries are heavily bordered with black on the outer margin, and there is a large irregularly quadrate spot of the same colour on the costa near the end of the cell, limited anteriorly by four minute white translucent subapical spots and posteriorly by three like spots, two of them in the cell near its end and one of them above near the costa. The primaries are further ornamented by a series of small white translucent spots, bordered inwardly by blackish, These spots are arranged in a straight transverse series,
1896.] BUTTERFLIES OF THH FAMILY HESPHRIID A. 9
‘two in cell 1, one, transversely elongated, in cell 2, and a smaller one in cell 3. The secondaries are heavily marked with black on the outer angle, and there is a curved series of three or four small black spots in the subcostal interspaces. Just after the large black spot on the outer angle, the outer margin is lightly touched with whitish. A fine dark marginal line defines the origin of the cilia, which are fuscous upon the upperside. On the underside the primaries are blackish, shading slightly into bluish grey at the base. The translucent spots appear as on the upperside; the two spots in cell 1 being defined outwardly by two parallel whitish rays. The secondaries are white, laved with bluish grey at the base. The ‘outer angle is black. The black spots on the subcostal interspaces are as on the upper surface, but more clearly defined upon the white ground. In addition there are two small discal dots in cell 1, and a small black dot on the outer margin near the extremity of vein 1. The cilia on the underside are white toward the anal angle.
Expanse 35 mm.
Hab. Gaboon (Mocquerys). Type in collection Staudinger.
18. S. BLIMINATA, sp. nov. (Plate V. fig. 9.)
g.- The colour of the upperside of the thorax and abdomen is dark fuscous, of the underside yellowish ochraceous. The antennz are black, the legs grey, edged with blackish anteriorly. The pri- maries on the upperside are fuscous. There are three small confluent subapical spots, a similar small spot on the upper edge of the cell near its end, and two other like spots in cells 2 and 3, of which the former is the larger. Both the subapical series and the discal spots are followed inwardly by dark cloudings. The interspaces just before the margin are marked by obscure darker oblong spots. There is a fine dark marginal line. ‘The cilia are fuscous. The secondaries are traversed by a series of obscure dark fuscous transverse median, limbal, and submarginal spots. The spot of the median series located at the end of the cell is annuli- form. The marginal line and cilia are as on the primaries. Both the primaries and secondaries on the underside are clear yellowish ochraceous, with the cilia pale fuscous. The inner margin of the primaries is testaceous. The translucent spots of the upper surface reappear upon the lower side and are narrowly margined with fuscous. Fuscous submarginal and limbal bands traverse the primaries, leaving sagittate spots of the prevailing ground-colour between them on the intra-neural spaces. The secondaries show the transverse series of spots of the upper surface, but. more distinctly defined and generally rounded than on the upperside.
@ like the male.
Expanse 28-30 mm.
Hab. Abyssinia (Staudinger); Somaliland (in my collection).
This species is labelled in the Staudinger collection by Mons. Mabille as “* nerva, Fabr.” Mons. Mabille has on several occasions in his correspondence with me insisted upon employing the Fabri-
10 DR. W. J. HOLLAND ON THE AFRIOAN [Jan. 14,
cian name for this insect. Perhaps he is following in this the example of Ploetz, who referred some insect obtained from Kordofan to the Fabrician species. But, whatever may have been the insect before Ploetz at the time he was writing, it is certain that it was not the insect described by Fabricius. In Jones’s ‘ Icones ’ (unpub- lished) we have the best clue to many of the Fabrician species, and the figure of H. nerva there given (vide pl. 72. fig. 3) represents undoubtedly a species of Hesperia (Pyrgus, Hiibn. et auct.). The published references to Hesperia nerva, Fabr., are the following :— Hesperia nerva, Fabr. Ent. Syst. iii. p. 340, no. 293 (1798); Latreille, Enc. Méth. ix. p. 789, no. 162 (1823). Pyrgus nerva, Butl. Fabr. Diurn, Lep. p. 282 (1869). Ephyriades nerva, Ploetz, JB. Nass. Ver. xxxvii. p. 6 (1884). The habitat of H. nerva is given by Fabricius as “in Indiis,” to which little significance need be attached, as we know that this phrase with the old writers often meant no more than that the insect came from a foreign country.
19, S. aurmmanco (Mab. MS.), sp. nov. (Plate IV. fig. 8.)
Tabraca aurimargo, Mab. in literis.
é. The antenne and the upperside of the thorax and abdomen are black, as is also the underside of the thorax and abdomen, except at the anal extremity, where it is marked with orange-yellow ; the ground-colour of the primaries and secondaries is dark brown, almost black. The primaries are ornamented by three minute translucent subapical spots in the usual position. The outer margin of the secondaries near the anal angle and the cilia for the inner half of the wing are orange. On the underside, the primaries are coloured and marked as upon the upperside. The secondaries have the orange colour which appears upon the upper- side near the anal angle much more broadly diffused, covering the outer half of the wing as far as the subcostal nervules. The costal margin and the base are broadly blackish brown, and the yellow ‘ space is interrupted by an irregular row of discal spots, of which the one opposite the end of the cell is the largest and confluent with the dark costal araa.
Expanse 28-30 mm.
Hab. Gaboon (Mocquerys); Sierra Leone (Preuss). Types in coll. Staudinger.
This beautiful species has been named Zubraca aurimargo by Mons. Mabille. In neuration and most other respects it agrees with Sarangesa absolutely, and I cannot bring myself to recognize in it the type of a new genus.
20. S. macunatTa, Mab. Sape maculata, Mab. C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1891, p. Ixviii.
Hab. Mozambique (Mabille). I have no clue to the determination of this species other than
the description of the author,
1896.] BUTTERFLIES OF THE FAMILY HESPERIIDE. 11
21. 8. opmrHatmica, Mab.
Sape ophthalmica, Mab. O. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1891, p. Ixviii.
Hab. Delagoa Bay (Mabille).
No specimen or tigure of this species being available, I must content myself with a provisional reference to this location in the genus, to which the author has assigned it.
22. §.(?) pListonicus, Ploetz.
Antigonus plistonicus, Ploetz, 8. H. Z. vol. xl. p. 362 (1879). . Hab. Aburi (Ploetz).
I cannot make out this species from the description and the material before me. The description does not exactly apply to anything I have seen in nature, though it may be that it designates some already well-known species.
23. §.(?) puitoromus, Ploetz.
Antigonus philotomus, Ploetz, 8. BE. %. vol. xl. p. 861 (1879); Karsch, Berl. Ent. Zeit. vol. xxxviii. p. 262 (1893).
Hab. Aburi (Ploetz); Togoland (Karsch). * I do not know this species, at least under this name.
24, 8. (?) Lziius, Mab.
Pterygospidea telius, Ploetz MS., Mabille, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1877, p. 240
Ephyriades lelius, Ploetz, JB. Nass. Ver. xxxvii. p. 6.
Hab. Gaboon.
This is another species about which I am left in total uncer- tainty. Ploetz merely cites the name, and from the description of Mons. Mabille I cannot draw positive conclusions. Mons. Mabille has designated for me under this name two wholly differ- ent species, one being the species which he has labelled in the collection of Dr. Staudinger as bowvieri, and the other being a slight variety of S. thecla, Ploetz, which he named from a photo- graphic representation sent to him, in which only the upperside appeared. I leave this puzzle somewhat reluctantly to others to solve.
25. S. KOBELA, Trim.
Nisoniades kobela, Trim. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. (38) vol. ii. p. 180 (1864); Rhop. Afr. Austr. ii. p. 312, pl. vi. fig. 4, 0 (1866).
Pierygospidea kobela, Trim. 8. Afr. Butt. vol. iii. p. 353 (1889).
Sarangesa kobela, Watson, P. Z. 8. 1893, p. 48.
Hab. Extra-tropical South Africa (Trimen).
This species reveals a striking superficial resemblance to the species of the genus Thanaos, and represents a section of the genus in which it stands thus far unique.
12 DR. W. J, HOLLAND ON THD AFBIOAN (Jan. 14,
CELEZNORRHINGS, Hiibn. 26. C. GatEnus, Fabr.
Hesperia g galenus, Fabr. Ent. Syst. iii. 1, p. 350, no. 332 (1793); Latr. Ene. Méth. ix. p. 773, no. 124 (1823),
Hesperia galena, Don. Ins, Ind. pl. 1. fig. 3, 9 (1800).
Celenorrhinus galenus, Wats. P. Z.8. 1893, p. 49.
Plesioneura galenus, Staudgr. Exot. Schmett. pl. 100.
Pardaleodes jfulgens, Mab. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1877, p. 236, ¢.
Preryg gospidea galenus, Trim. P. Z. 8. 1894, p. 80. , Donovan in his plate figures the female we this species, which may always be recognized by the elongate marginal spot on the secondaries beyond the end of the cell. This spot has the form of a parallelogram, and does not fuse with the adjacent spots so fully as is the casein the male, where its sharp outlines are lost in the spots on either side of it. Dr. Staudinger gives a good figure of the male in his ‘ Exotische Schmetterlinge.’ Mons. Mabille kindly determined for me a number of species upon the occasion of a recent visit to Paris, among them Pardaleodes fulgens, Mab. The specimens so determined are undoubtedly C. galenus, Fabr., g. I have a series of nearly 100 specimens of both sexes, some of them taken in cottu, and am satisfied of the correctness of the synonymy given as above.
This is one of the commonest of West-African butterflies and is found from Senegambia to Upper Angola, and Manica (Zrimen).
27. C. RuriLANs, Mab.
Pardaleodes rutilans, Mab. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1877, p. 235, @ ; Bull. Soc. Ent. France (Feb. 1877), 2 ; Novit. Lepidopt. p- 96, pl. xiii. fig. 7, g (1893).
Pterygospidea tergeniva, Hew. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) vol. xx. p. 323 (Oct. 1877).
Tagiades woermanni, Ploetz, 8. E. Z. vol. xl. p. 862, 2 (1879).
Having seen the types of P. rutilans, Mab., and of P. tergemira, Hew., and a carefully executed copy of the “drawing of 7. woer- manni, @, made by Ploetz, I have not a shadow of doubt as to the correctness of the above synonymy.
Hab. Fernando Po (Hewitson); Victoria, W. Africa (Ploetz) ; Congo-Landana (Mabille) ; Gaboon, Cameroons (Good).
28. C. ruLusrris, Mab,
Pardaleodes illustris, Mab. C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1891, p. lxxiii.
Celenorrhinus illustris, Holl. Ent. News, March 1894, pl. ii. fig. 6.
Hab. Cameroons and Upper Valley of the Ogové,
29. C. Meprrrina, Hew. (Plate ITI. fig. 2.)
Pterygospidea meditrina, Hew. Ann. & Mag. Nat, Jest (4) vol, xx. p. 322 (1877),
1896.] BUTTBRELIOS OF THE FAMILY HBSPURIIDA. 13
Pardaleodes interniplaga, Mab. O. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1891,
Lxxiii.
y Celenorrhinus interniplaga, Holland, Ent. News, March 1894, pl. iii. fig. 2.
Hab. Fernando, Po (Hewitson); Cameroons (Mabille); Bulé Country (Good).
Iam unable to discover any valid specific differences between C. meditrina, Hew., and C. interniplaga, Mab. I have a good series of specimens in my collection, some of which agree positively with either form, differing only in size and the greater or less distinctness of the marginal spots.
30. C. MacuLatus, Hampson. (Plate III. fig. 4.)
Coladenia maculata, Hpsn. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) vol. vii. p- 183.
Hab. Sabaki River, E. Africa (Hampson).
This species is a very near ally of C. meditrina, Hew. Two specimens, a male and a female, contained in the collection of Dr. Staudinger, were taken by Mocquerys at Gaboon. The female differs from the male in having the maculations of the secondaries greatly reduced in size. While these specimens do not agree absolutely with the type of maculata, Hpsn., they are by far too close to warrant a separation.
31. C. BisEniatus, Butl. (Plate III. fig. 3.)
Plesioneura biseriata, Butl. P. Z.S. 1888, p. 97. Plesionewra hoehneli, Rogenhofer, Ann. Hofmus. Wien, vol. vi. p- 463, pl. xv. fig. 10 (1891).
Hab, Kilimanjaro (Butler) ; Tropical Africa (Rogenhofer). I think the above synonymy will be found to be quite correct.
32. C. atratus, Mab.
Pardaleodes atratus, Mab. C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1891, p. Ixxiv.
Celenorrhinus collucens, Holl. Ent. News, March 1894, p- 90, pl. iit. figs. 3, 4.
Hab. Cameroons (Mabille; Good).
The type of P. atratus being before me as I write, I am con- vinced that I made an error in my identification of it upon the occasion of my visit to Mons. Mabille. The insect I labelled atratus, if there has been no confusion since made in the labelling of the specimens in the collection of Dr. Staudinger, is the following species, and the true atratus is the species I figured and named collucens. Dr. Staudinger warns me that Mons. Mabille has in a few cases apparently confused his types: this is one of those cases in which J am almost positive that such a confusion has arisen; but we must accept the type-as determining controversy, and as the insect labelled autographically as Pardaleodes atratus by Mabille in the Staudinger Collection is unmistakably my
14 _ DR. W. J. HOLLAND ON THE AFRIOAN (Jan. 14,
collucens, and not the next species in this series, we must regard the identification as positively settled in this way.
33. C. BOADIONA, Hew. (Plate IIT. fig. 1.)
Pterygospidea boadicea, Hew. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) vol. xx. p. 323 (1877).
Celenorrhinus atratus, Holl. Ent. News, March 1894, pl. iii. fig. 5.
Seegdiibsels lucens, Mab., MS.
Hab. Gaboon, Cameroons.
Mons. Mabille, in the ‘Comptes Rendus de la Société Entomolo- gique de Belgique,’ 1891, p. Ixxiv, in his description of Pardaleodes (Celenorrhinus) atratus, alludes to a species of the genus named lucens by him from a. figure of his type, which he has never published, so far as I am aware; I have been enabled to identify it with boadicea, Hew., which is undoubtedly the same insect figured by me in the ‘ Entomological News’ for March 1894, as C. atratus, Mab. C. boadicea, Hew., may be distinguished from all other species by the greater breadth of the median yellow band on the primaries, and the larger expanse of the marginal spot near the outer angle of the secondaries on the upperside. ‘This species is closely related to C. atratus, but quite distinct.
34, C. curysogiossa, Mab. (Plate III. fig. 5.) Ancistrocumpta chrysoglossa, Mab. OC. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. vol. xxxv. p. cvii (1891). :
Hab. Cameroons (Mabille; Good).
The type of the species is a female. The figure in the Plate is taken from a male specimen in my collection. The insect undoubtedly is a Celenorrhinus, but differs from the other African species in being more plainly marked upon the primaries.
35, C. proximus, Mab.
Plesioneura prowima, Mab. Bull. Soe. Zool. France, 1877, p. 231 ; Ann. Soc. Ent. France, (6) vol. x. p. 81, pl. ili. fig. 1. Lagiades elmina, Ploetz, 8. BE. Z. vol. xl. p. 362 (1879).
Hab. Gaboon, Cameroons, Sierra Leone, Togoland.
36. C. Maocrostricrus, Holl. C. macrostictus, Holl. Ent. News, Jan. 1894, p. 27, pl. i. fig. 2. Hab, Valley of the Ogové.
37. C. HUMBLOTI, Mab.
Plesioneura humbloti, Mab. Bull. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1884, p- clxxxvii; Grandidier’s Madagascar, vol. xiii. p. 349, pl. 54. figs. 8, 8 a. ; _ Hab, Madagascar.
1896.] BUTIBRFLINS OF THH FAMILY HUSPURIIDA. 15
38. C. (?) HomEYnRI, Ploetz.
Tagiades homeyeri, Ploetz, 8. H. Z. vol. xli. p. 307 (1880).
Hab. Pundo Ndongo. are
I do not know this species, but as it is said by the author to be very near C. galenus, Fabr., I locate it here provisionally.
39. C. MoxHEzrI, Waller.
Pierygospidea mokeezi, Wallgr. K. Sv. Vet.-Acad. Handl. 1857 ; Lep. Rhop. Caffr. p. 54. :
Tesperia amaponda, Trim. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. (3) vol. i. p. 405. .
Nisoniades mokeezi, Trim. Rhop. Afr. Aust. vol. ii. p. 316, pl. vi. fig. 5. :
Pteryyospidea mokeezi, Trim. Butt. S. Afr. vol. iii. p. 358.
Celenorrhinus mokeezi, Watson, P. Z.S. 1893, p. 50.
Hab, Extra-tropical 8. Africa.
40, C. (?) tunHDERI, Ploetz.
Plastingia luehderi, Ploetz, 8. EH. Z. vol. xl. p. 357 (1879), vol. xlv. p. 147 (1884).
Hab. Aburi (Ploetz).
The figure of this species drawn by Ploetz appears to be a crude representation of a species of Celenorrhinus, hut the statement of Ploetz, that there is a sexual mark or brand upon the primaries, does not agree with this view. I am at a loas, without having the insect before me, to say where it should be located. Mons. Mabille’s' note upon the drawing of Ploetz, contained in one of his manuscript comments upon the Ploetzian figures, strikes me as very appropriate, “mihi non verisimile videtur.”
TricnoseMeta ', Holl.
41. T. susottvuscEns, Holl. (Plate V. fig. 15.)
7’. subolivescens, Holl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. Oct. 1892, p. 294; Wats. P.Z. 8. 1893, p. 53.
Hab. Matabeleland.
42, T. rerrastiama, Mab.
Ceratrichia tetrastigma, Mab. C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1891, p- lxv; Novit. Lepidopt. p. 119, pl. xvi. fig. 8.
Hab. Interior of Cameroons (Staudinger).
Mons. Mabille refers this species with some doubt to the genus Ceratrichia. With his type before me, I am able to assert that the species is positively congeneric with the type of the genus Trichosemia. It may even prove to be true that the two species are the same, in which case Mons. Mabille’s name will have
priority.. There is, however, considerable difference in the colour . - - * . 7 "1 ‘By a typographical error, printed originally as “' Tricosemeia.” ©
16 DR. W. J. HOLLAND ON THD AFRIOAN (Jan. 14,
and markings of the underside of the secondaries, and it would not be at all safe to merge the two forms under the same name until we have more material.
43. T. quarenna, Mab.
Ceratrichia quaterna, Mab. C. R. Soc. Ent. France, 1889, p. clvi; Novit. Lepidopt. p. 20, pl. iii. fig. 3 (1891).
Hab. Sierra Leone (Mabille).
This beautiful species, the type of which is before me as I write, is correctly referred to the genus Trichosemeia.
44, T.(?) Brierpa, Ploetz.
Antigonus brigida, Ploetz, 8. E. Z. vol. xl. p. 361 (1879).
Hab. Cameroons (Good); Roorke’s Drift, S. Africa (in my collection).
What I take to be the species named brigida by Ploetz is a species which is more properly located in this genus than any other at present constituted, though the secondaries lack the characteristic hairy brand near the costa on the upperside, which led me to give the name which I have applied to this genus. This remark holds good also of the two following species,
45. T.(?) upreus, Druce. (Plate IV. fig. 21.)
Tagiades hereus, Druce, P. Z.S. 1875, p. 417.
Hab. Angola (Monteiro).
This species seems to be closely allied to, if not identical with, S. brigida, Ploetz. In case of identity the name given by Mr. Druce has priority.
46. T. (?) suBaLBrpa, Holl.
Sarangesa subalbida, Holl. Ent. News, Jan. 1894, p. 26, pl. i. fig. 7.
Hab. Valley of the Ogové (Good).
In the form of the wings and the neuration, together with the form of the antenne, this species comes nearer those which are strictly classified in the genus 7richosemeia than to those included in Sarangesa. The hairy brand on the upperside of the secondaries is lacking; but in spite of this I prefer to place the species here, rather than to leave it where I originally located it.
Taarapes, Hiibn. 47. T. risus, Fabr.
Papilio flesus, Fabr. Spec. Tus. ii. p. 185, no. 621 (1871) ; Mant. Ins. p. 88, no. 797 (1787); Ent. Syst. iii. p. 838, no. 286 (1793).
Nisoniades flesus, Butl. Cat. Fabr. Diurn. Lep. p. 286.
Papilio ophion, Dru, Ill. Exot. Ent. vol. iii. pl. xvii. figs, 1, 2 (1782) ; Stoll, Suppl. Cram. Pap. Exot. p. 127, pl. xxvi. figs, 4, 4 ¢ 1791). ‘ bare ophion, Trim. Rhop. Afr. Aust. vol. ii. p. 313 (1866),
1896.] BUTTERFLIES OF THE FAMILY HESPERIIDA, 17.
Pterygospideu flesus, Trim. Butt. 8. Afr. vol. iii. p. 363 (1889). Tagiades flesus, Wats. P. Z.S. 1893, p. 54. Hab. Africa, south of the Sahara.
48, T. rvsunARiIs, Mab.
LT. insularis, Mab. Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1876, p. 272; Grandidier’s Madagascar, vol. xiii. p. 352 pl. 54. figs. 6, 7, 7a.
Thymele ophion, Boisd. Faune Entomol. Madgr. p. 62, pl. ix. fig. 4 (1833).
Hab. Madagascar.
This is the insular form of 7’. jlesus, Fabr., which is found in Madagascar, and can scarcely be separated from the Fabrician species.
49. T.. pactrus, Mab.
Tagiades lacteus, Mab. Bull. Soc. Ent. France, (5) vol. vii. p. XXXix.
Tagiades dannatti, Ehrmann, Ent. News, vol. iv. p. 309; Holl. Ent. News, March 1894, pl. iii. fig. 1.
Hab. Congo, Liberia.
My surmise that 7’. lacteus and 7. dannatti are identical, which
I expressed in my paper of March 1894, has been confirmed by Mons. Mabille, who has compared my figure with the type.
50. T. samBorana, H. G. Smith.
Tagiades samborana, H. Grose Smith, Aun. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) vol. vii. p. 127.
Hab. Madagascar.
I do not know this species.
51. T. surruit, Mab.
Tagiades smithii, Mab. Grandidier’s Madagascar, vol. xiii. p. 354, pl. 56 a. figs. 3, 3.a.
Hab. Madagascar.
The plate on which this species is to be figured has not yet been published. I do not know the species in nature, nor by any pictorial representation.
Eageris, Guen.
52. KE. SABADIUS, Gray.
Hesperia sabacius, Gray, Griff. An. Kingd. vol. xv. pl. 99. fig. 2 (1832).
Thymele sabadius, Boisd. Faun. Eutom. Madgr. p. 63, pl. ix. fig. 2 (1833).
Eagris sabadius, Guen. Maill. Réun. vol. ii. Lép. p. 18 (1863); Mab. Grandid. Madagr. vol. xiii. p. 350, pl. 54. figs. 4, 4a, 5.
Hesperia andrachne, Boisd. Faun. Ent. Madgr. p. 67 (1838); Guerin, Iconogr. Régne Anim., Ins. pl. lxxxii. fig. 2 (1844).
Antigonus andvachne, Saalm. Lep. Madgr. p. 112, pl. i. fig. 14. Proc. Zoot. Soc.—1896, No. II. 2
18 DR. W. J. HOLLAND ON THE AFRIOAN (Jan. 14,
Plesioneura hyalinata, Saalm. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1877-78, p. 87.
Plesioneura andrachne (Boisd.), Saalm. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1878-79, p. 123. :
Hab. Madagascar.
58. BE. norroana, Waller. - : Pterygospidea nottouna, Wallgr. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl. 1857 ; Lep. Rhop. Caffr. p. 54. Nisoniades sabadius, Trim. Rhop. Afr. Austr. vol. ii. p. 315. Pterygospidea nottoana, Trim. 8. Afr. Butt. vol. ili. p. 360. Eagris melancholica, Mab. Bull. Soc. Ent. France, (6) vol. ix. . cly, Be Eagris nottoana, Wats. P. Z. 8. 1893, p. 54. Hab. South Africa. ! aa 'The comparison of the type of 2. melancholica, Mab., shows it to be identical with Z. nottoana, as determined by Mr. Trimen.
54. E. DECASTIGMA, Mab. - ‘
Eagris decastigma, Mab. ©. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1891, p- Ix; Novit. Lepidopt. p. 118, pl. xvi. fig. 7; Holl. Ent. News, Jan. 1894, pl. i. fig. 9.
Hab., Sierra Leone, Gaboon.
55. E. ruscosa, Holl. (Plate V. fig. 4.)
Eagris fuscosa, Holl. Ent. News, Jan. 1894, p. 27, pl. i. fig. 6.
Hab. Valley of the Ogové (Good); Gaboon (Mocquerys).
This is a somewhat close ally of E. phyllophila, Trim., but may be readily distinguished from that species by the form of the large spots on the disk of the primaries.
56, E. puynioraina, Trim.
Nisoniades phyllophila, Trim. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1883, p. 362. :
Pterygospidea phyllophila, Trim. S. Afr. Butt.’ vol. iii. p. 362, pl. xii. fig. 8. meh Hab. Natal, Delagoa Bay (Trimen).
57. EB. samusont, Sharpe.
Antigonus jamesoni, Sharpe, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) vol. vi. p- 348 (1890).
Pierygospidea jamesoni, Trim. P. Z. 8. 1891, p. 106, pl. ix. fig. 25.
Caprona jamesoni, Butl. P. Z.S. 1893, p. 669.
Hab. S.W. Africa, Mashonaland.
58. E. pENuBA, Ploetz. (Plate V. fig. 8.)
Antigonus denuba, Ploetz, S. KE. Z. vol. xl. p. 361 (1869). Eagris decolor, Mab. Bull. Soc. Ent. France, (6) vol. ix. p. clv (1889); Karsch, Berl. Ent. Zeit. vol. xxviii. p. 262 (1893).
_1896.] BUTTERFLIES OF THD FAMILY HESPERIIDE. 19
Hab. Aburi (Ploetz); Freetown (Mabille); Cameroons (Good) ; Togoland (Karsch). _ Having before me a drawing of the type of Ploetz, executed by Prillwitz, which is reproduced in the Plate, and the type of Mabille, loaned me by Dr. Staudinger, I am positively satistied as to the identity of the two.
59. E. tuceria, Hew.
Leucochitonea lucetia, Hew. Ill. Exot. Butt. vol. v. Hesp., Leuto- chitonea, pl. ii. fig. 21. Hab, Angola (Hewitson).
Prooampera, Holl. 60. P. nara, Holl.
Procampta rara, Holl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. Oct. 1892, p- 293; Watson, P. Z. 8. 1893, p. 59; Holl. Ent. News, Mar. 1894, pl. iii. fig. 7.
' Hab. Valley of the Ogové.
Carrona, Waller.
61. C. prnnaana, Waller.
Caprona pillaana, Wallgr. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl. 1857; Lep. Rhop. Caffr. p. 51; Trim. Rhop. Afr. Austr. vol. ii. p. 308 (1866) ; 8. Afr. Butt. vol. iii. p. 348, pl. xii. figs. 6, 6 @ (1889).
Stethotrix heterogyna, Mab. Bull. Soc. Ent. France, (6) vol. ix. p. elxxxiv (1889).
Caprona adelica, Karsch, Ent. Nachr. vol. xviii. p. 242 (1892) ; Berl. Ent. Zeit. vol. xxxviii. p. 243, pl. vi. fig. 2 (1893).
Hab. South Africa, Natal, Loko, Togoland.. .
Mons. Mabille writes me that the species of Karsch is absolutely identical with his S. heterogyna, in which opinion, with the type before me as I write, I am able to positively concur. But the male
of S. heterogyna is most certainly identical with C. pillaana, Wallgr. Iam not alone in this opinion. Dr. Staudinger writes
‘me that Prof. Aurivillius has most unqualifiedly given in his adhesion to this view on examination of specimens submitted to him. The female, the type of which is before me, might have served the artist for the drawing of C. adelica given by Dr. Karsch, and differs from the rather crude figure of the female of C. pillaana, Wallgr., given by Trimen in being paler, and having a sharply defined black spot on the underside of the secondaries near the inner margin. With only the female sex before me I might have hesitated a little to make the above synonymy, but the identity of the male with C. pillaana being so positively certain, I do not doubt the correctness of what I have given above.
62. C. canopus, Trim. Caprona canopus, Trim, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. (8) vol. ii. p. 180 OF
20 DR. W. J. HOLLAND ON THD AFRICAN [Jan. 14,
(1864); Rhop. Afr. Austr. vol. ii. p. 309, pl. vi. fig. 2 (1866); Staud. Exot. Schmett. pl. 100; Trim. 8. Afr. Butt. p. 349 (1889). Hab. Extra-tropical South Africa.
Anxantis, THopff. (Leucochitonea, Wallgr.; Sapwa, Ploetz.)
I cannot bring myself to differ from Trimen, and to accept the conclusion of Watson, that L. levubu, Wallgr., should constitute the type and sole representative of a genus. he difference between this species and the others given below are certainly rather of specific than of generic grade. I therefore sink Wallengren’s genus Leucochitonca as a synonym of dbantis, Hopff., as has already been done by Trimen.
63. A, rerrmnsts, Hopff.
Abantis tettensis, Hopf. Monatsb. k. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1855, p- 643; Peters’ Reise Mossamb., Ins. p. 415, pl. xxvi. figs. 16, 17 (1862); Trim. S. Afr. Butt. vol. iii. p. 3387 (1889) ; Wats. P. Z.S. 18933, p. 63.
Hab. South Tropical and Temperate Africa.
64. A. pAnapisua, Butl.
Leucochitonea paradisea, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1870, p. 499; Lep. Exot. p. 167, pl. lix. fig. 8 (1874).
Hesperia (Oxynetra) namaquana, Westw. Thes. Ent. Oxon. p- 183, pl. xxxiv. fig. 10 (1874).
Leucochitonea paradisea, Staudgr. Exot. Schmett. i. pl. 100.
Abantis paradisea, Trim. 8S, Afr. Butt. p. 342 (1889) ; Wats. P. Z. 8. 1893, p. 63.
Tfab. Southern Africa.
65, A. zAMBESIACA, Westw.
Hesperia zambesiaca, Westw. Thes. Ent. Oxon. p. 183, pl. xxxiv. fig. 9 (1574).
Abantis zambesina, Trim. 8. Afr. Butt. vol. iii. p. 844 (1889) ; P. Z.S. 1891, p. 105.
Sapea trimeni, Butl. P. Z. 8. 1895, p. 264, pl. xv. fig. 5.
Hab. Southern Tropical Africa.
With the figures of their species, given by Westwood and Butler, before me and a long series of specimens labelled by Mr. Trimen to compare with them, I am wholly at a loss to sce what valid reason exists for separating the insect recognized by Dr. Butler as Sapea trimeni from the insect described by West- wood. It is true that the normal colour of the sides of the abdominal segments of the insect is “ snow-white,” as stated by Dr. Butler, and brought out in his excellent figure, but the fact that Westwood says that these segments in the type were ‘luteous ” does not in my judgment furnish sufficient reason to
1896.] BUTTHRFLIES OF THN FAMILY HESPHRIIDA. 2k.
say that we are dealing here with two distinct species. “ Luteous ” is muddy yellow, and nothing is commoner among the Hesperiids. than the change of the white markings of the abdomen into yellowish by greasing and other accidents. I am reluctant to differ from my learned friend Dr. Butler on any point, but after studying the specimens before me with the figures and descriptions given by himself and Westwood, I am still of the opinion that Mr. Trimen’s original identification was correct, and that the separation of the form known to Trimen from that described by Westwood is an unnecessary refinement.
66. A. BISMARKI, Karsch.
Abantis bismarki, Karsch, Ent. Nachr. xviii. p. 228 (1892); Berl. Ent. Zeit. vol. xxxviii. p. 242, pl. vi. fig. 1 (1893).
Hab. Togoland.
67. A. BIcotor, Trim.
Leucochitonea bicolor, Trim, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. (3) vol. ii. p- 180 (1864); Rhop. Afr. Austr. vol. ii. p. 307, pl. 6. fig. 1 (1866).
Sapea bicolor, Ploetz, 8. H. Z. vol. xl. pp. 177, 179 (1879).
Abantis bicolor, Trim. S. Afr. Butt. vol. iii. p. 340 (1889) ; Wats. P. Z. 8. 1893, p. 63.
Hab. 8. Africa.
68. A. vpnosa, Trim.
Abantis venosa, Trim. 8. Afr. Butt. vol. iii. p. 339 (1889) ; P.Z.8. 1891, p. 105, pl. ix. fig. 24.
Leucochitonea umvulensis, Sharpe, Aun. & Mag. Nat. Ilist. (6) vol. vi. p. 348 (1890).
Hab. South Tropical Africa and Transvaal.
69. A. ELEGANTULA, Mab.
Abantis elegantula, Mab. Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1890, p. 32; Novit. Lepidopt. p. 23, pl. iii. fig. 6 (1891). Hab. Sierra Leone.
70. A. EFULENSIS, sp. noy. (Plate V. fig. 12.)
¢. Allied to A. elegantula, Mab., from which it differs by the entire absence of the discal spots on the primaries. The second- aries are white, with the basal third, the outer angle, and the inner margin clouded with dark brown, shading on the costa into orange-red. The white outer area is intersected by the veins, which are black.
On the underside, the primaries are much paler than on the upperside and are slightly tinged near the base and on the costa with ochreous. The secondaries are pure white, except on the costal margin and the outer angle, where they are layed with pale brown shading into ochraceous. The veins on the underside are not black
22 ‘ DR. W. J. HOLLAND ON TIIH AFRICAN [Jan. 14,
as on the upperside, except those which are located near the costa. The body is marked much as in A. eleyantula, but is without the red spots at the end of the patagia and the red hairs which are found on the metathorax. Expanse 40 mm.
Hab. Efulen, Cameroons.
1. A. LuucocastEn, Mab.
Abantis leucogaster, Mab. Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1890, p. 32; Novit. Lepidopt. p. 22, pl. iii. fig. 5 (1891). Hab. Sierra Leone.
72. A. tevuBu, Waller.
Leucochitoneu levubu, Waller. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl. 1857 ;
Lep. Rhop. Caffr. p. 52; Trim. Rhop. Afr. Austr. vol. ii, p. 306. Abantis levubu, Trim. S. Afr. Butt. vol. iii. p. 345, pl. xii. fig. 5. Hab. Southern Africa.
Hesprrta, Fabr. (Pyrgus, Hiibn.; Scelothrix, Ramb.; Syrichtus, Boisd.)
73. H. spiro, Linn.
Papilio spio, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. xii. p. 796, no. 271 (1767) ; Fabr. Syst. Ent. p. 535, no. 400 (1775); Donovan, Ins. Ind. pl. i. fig. 5 (1800-3).
Hesperia spio, Fabr. Ent. Syst. iii. 1, p. 354, no. 348 (1783) ; Westw., Don. Ins. Ind. 2nd edit. p. 79, pl. 50. fig. 5 (1842) ; Aurivillius, K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Hand). vol. xix. no. 5, p. 124, tab. i. figs. 3, 3a, after Clerck (1882).
Papilio vindex, Cram. Pap. Exot. vol. iv. pl. eccliii. figs. G@, H (1782); Watson, P. Z. 8. 1893, p. 65.
Pyrgus vindex, Hiibn. Verz. p. 109, no. 1178 (1816) ; Hopf. Peters’ Reise Mossamb., Ins. p. 421 (1862); Trim. Rhop. Afr. Austr. vol. ii. p. 287 (1866); S. Afr. Butt. vol. iii. p. 280 (1889).
Hesperia vindew, Latr, Enc. Méth. vol. ix. p. 785 (1823) ; Westw., Doubl. & Hew. Gen. Diurn. Lep. pl. lxxix. fig. 6 (1852),
Syrichtus vindex, Wallgr. Rhop. Caffr. p. 53 (1857).
Hab. Southern Africa,
T had long been led to question whether this species had been ‘found in the western tropical parts of Africa. I have never received it from Gaboon, Cameroons, Sierra Leone, or Liberia, though I have charged my collectors to make special search for the Hesperiidw, and have received thousands of specimens from them. ‘The species identified for me as H. spio, L. (vindew, Cram.), by several European authorities, is very different from the S.-African insect, of which I have numerous examples received from Mr. Trimen and others. It is H. ploetzi, Auriv. My doubt as to the existence of the species on the Tropical West Coast has been, however, put to rest by the discovery of a specimen from Monrovia in the collection of Dr. Staudinger.
1896.] © BUTTERFLIES OF THE FAMILY HESPERIID&. 23
‘74, H. promus, Ploetz. »
Pyrgus dromus, Ploetz, Mitth. nat. Ver. Neu-Vorpomm,. u. Riig. 1884, p. 6; Trim. 8. Afr. Butt. vol. iii. p. 283 (1884).
Hesperia dromus, Watson, P. Z. 8. 1893, p. 65.
Hab. South Africa (? North of the Congo). ' This species is generally confounded in collections with the preceding, but by attending to the differences so clearly pointed out by Mr. Trimen they may easily be separated. Ploetz states that his type was from the Congo, and Mr. Trimen, upon the authority of G. Geynet, gives the “‘Gaboon River” as a habitat. I am inclined to question the correctness of the reference of this species to these localities. I may be in error, but am inclined to think that it does not range further north than Angola on the West Coast.
75, H. prorrar, Auriv.
Syrichtus spio, Floetz, Mitth. nat. Ver. Neu-Vorpomm. u. Riig. 1884, p. 21.
Pyrs gus spo, Mab. Ann. Soe. Ent. France, (6) vol. x. p. 30, pl. iii. fic. 9 (1890).
” Hesperia ploetzi, Auriv. Ent. Tidsk. 1891, p. 227.
Pyrgus ploctzi, Karsch, Berl. Ent. Zeit. vol. xxxviii. p. 245 (1893).
Hub. Gaboon, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Togoland.
76. H. sarasprs, Trim. ;
Pyrgus sataspes, Trim. Trans. Ent. Soc. tard, (3) vol. ii. p. 178 Cees Rhop. Afr. Austr. vol. ii. p. 290, pl. v. fig. 7 (1866) 8. Afr. Butt. vol. iii, p. 289 (1889).
Hab. South Africa.
77. H. piomus, Hopff.
Pyrgus diomus, Hopf. Monatsber. k. Akad. Wissensch. Berl. 1255, p. 643; Peters’ Reise n. Mossamb., Ins. p. 420, pl. xxvii. figs. 9, 10 (1862).
Hab. Tropical East Africa,
78. H. rprox, Wallgr..:
Syrichthus ferox, eee Wien. Ent. Monatschr. 1863, p. 137.
Pyrgus vindex, Cram.? var., Trim. Rhop. Afr. Austr, vol. ii. pp. 287-288 (1866).
eae (Syrichthus) diomus, Wallgr. Sy. Vet.-Akad. Forh 1872, p. 50.
Pyr a diomus, Méschl. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1883, p. 286.
Hesperia sandaster, Staudgr. Exot. Schmnett. vol. ii. pl. 100 (1888).
Pyrgus diomus, Trim. 8. Afr. Butt. vol. iii. p. 287 Ce:
Hesperia diomus, Wats. P. Z. 8. 1898, p. 65.
Hab, Southern Africa, :
24 DR. W. J. HOLLAND ON THH AFRIOAN {Jan. 14,
“T have come to the conclusion that Pyrgus diomus, Hopff., is really distinct from P. ferox, Wallgr., ulthough Wallengren himself in 1872 sank the latter in favour of the former. None of the South-African specimens that I have seen agrees with Hopffer’s description and figures in the important point of the white bands on the underside of the hind wings, which markings are always much more oblique in the southern examples. The other day I received a pair from Zanzibar, which exactly agree with Hopffer’s figures. So I think we may call the abundant southern form P. ferox. By the way, what Dr. Staudinger figures as my P. san- daster is apparently P. ferow.” (R. Trimen, in Literis, 1894.)
79, H. asreropta, Trim.
Pyrgus asterodia, Trim. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. (3) vol. ii. p. 178 (1864); Rhop. Afr. Austr. vol. il. p. 289, pl. v. fig. 6 (1866) ; 8. Afr. Butt. vol. iii. p. 284 (1889).
Hesperia asterodia, Watson, P. Z. 8. 1893, p. 65.
Syrichthus asterodia, Ploetz, Mitth. nat. Ver. Neu-Vorpomm. u. Riig. 1884, p. 21.
Hab. South Africa.
80. H. TRANSVAALIA, Trim.
Pyrgus transvaahe, Trim. 8. Afr. Butt. vol. iii. p. 286 (1889).
Hab. South Africa,
Allied, according to the author, to H. spio, Linn, (vindea, Cram.), and dromus, Ploetz.
81. H. aayra, Trim. Pyrgus agylla, Trim. 8. Afr. Butt. vol. iii. p. 286 (1889). Hab, South Africa.
This species is unknown to me except by the description of Mr. Trimen.
’ 82. H. wara, Trim.
Pyrgus mafa, Trim, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1870, p. 386, pl. vi. fig. 12; 8S. Afr. Butt. vol. iii, p. 284.
Hab. South Africa.
Doubtfully distinct from H. spio, Linn.
83. H. sanpaster, Trim.
Pyrgus sandaster, Trim. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1868, p. 92, pl. v. fig. 9; S. Afr. Butt. vol. iii. p. 291 (1889).
Hab. South Africa,
84, H. nanus, Trim.
_Pyrgus sataspes, var. A. Trim. Rhop. Afr. Austr. vol. ii. p. 290 (1866).
Pyrgus nanus, Trim. 8, Afr. Butt. vol. iii. p. 290 (1889).
Hab. South Africa.
1896.] BUTTERFLIES OF THN FAMILY HESPERIID®. 25
85. H. srorssus, Trim. Pyrgus secessus, Trim. P. Z. 8. 1891, p- 102, pl. ix. fig. 22. Hab. South-western Africa.
86. H. cotorss, Druce. (Plate I. fig. 11.) Pyrgus colotes, Druce, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 416. Hab, Angola (Monteiro).
87. HI. nora, Ploetz.
Pyrgus nova, Ploetz, Mitth. nat. Ver. Neu-Vorpomm. u. Riig. 1884, p. 7
Hab. Loango (Ploetz).
This species is unknown to me, and may be identical with some other species. The description is very unsatisfactory. In some respects it applies to H. secessus, Trim.
88. HH. zarra, Ploetz. Pyrgus zaira, Ploetz, Mitth. nat. Ver. Neu-Vorpomm. u. Riig. 1884, p. 6.
Hab. Congo (Ploetz). This species is only known to me by the brief and unsatisfactory description of Ploetz.
89. H. apsconpita, Ploetz.
Syrichthus abscondita, Ploetz, Mitth. nat. Ver. Neu-Vorpomm. u. Riig. 1884, p. 21.
Hab. Africa (Ploetz). The description is too slight to base any conjecture upon it as to what the author intended thereby.
90. H. Proro, Hsp.
Papilio proto, Esp. Eur. Schmett. i. 2, pl. 123. figs. 5, 6 (1806 ?). For synonymy ef. Staudinger and Wocke, Kirby, Syn. Catalogue, &e.
Hab. Morocco.
91. H. axi, Oberth.
Syrichthus ali, Oberth. Etud. Entom. vi. 3, p. 61, pl. ii. fig. 3 (1881).
Hab. Algeria.
92. H. tavzex, Oberth.
Syrichthus leuzee, Oberth. Etud. Entom, yi. 3, p. 60, pl. iii. fig. 10 (1881).
Hab. Algeria,
26 DR, W. J. HOLLAND ON THH AFRICAN [Jan. 14,
93. H. atvnus, Hiibn., var. onoporp1, Ramb.
Syrichthus onopordi, Ramb, Faun, And. pl. viii. fig. 18 (1839). For fuller synonymy ef. standard works on the Lepidoptera of the paleurctic faunal region.
Hab. North Africa.
94. TH. (?) orzuvus, Linn.
Papilio oileus, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. 2, p. 795, no. 269 (1767).
Hesperia otleus, Kirby, Syn. Cat. p. bis (1871).
Hab. Algeria (Kirby), ~ This is a doubtful species, and it does not appear that any one has been able to discover exactly what Linneus intended to designate by his name and description. Nominis umbra!!
Carcnaropvs, Hiibn. (Urbanus, Hiibn. ; Spilothyrus, Dup.)
95. C. atcex, Esp.
Papilio alcee, Kur. Schmett. i. 2, pl. li. fig. 3 (1780).
For further synonymy see standard works on the Lepidoptera of the palwarctic faunal region.
Hab. North Africa.
96. C. exata, Trim.
. Pyrgus elma, Trim. Trans. Ent. Soe. Lond, (3) vol. i. p. 288 (1862) ; Rhop. Afr. Austr. vol. ii. p. 291, pl. v. fig. 8 (1866) ; 8. Afr, Butt. vol. iii. p. 293.
Gomalia elma, Watson, P. Z.S. 1893, p. 67.
' Pyrgus elma, Karsch, Berl. Ent. Zeit. vol. xxxviii. p. 245, pl. vi.. fig. 12.
Hab. Southern Africa.
_I place this insect in the genus Carcharodus, Hiibn., rather than in the genus Gomalia, Moore, to which it has been assigned by Mr. Watson, because the differences of a structural character which separate it from its near allies, C. alcew and C. lavatere, are,’ in my opinion, too slight to warrant the subdivision. In fact, I call in question the propriety of retaining the name Gomalia as a generic designation, it being founded upon differences which appear to'me to be rather specific than generic. I am quite persuaded that Gomalia albofasciata, Moore, the type of his genus, belongs to the older genus of Hiibner, and I think Gomalia should be sunk as a synonym of Curcharodus.
The figure given by Karsch is by no means characteristic. The checkered character of the fringes is not made to appear, and were not the identification made by Karsch so positive, I should think we were dealing with some other species, belonging, perhaps, to a different genus. ‘
1896.] BUTIPRELIES OF THH FAMILY HESPERIIDA. 27:
97. C.(?) mtpna, Walk.
‘ Pelopidas midea, Walk. Entomologist, oa v. p. 56 (1870). Erynnis? midea, Kirby, Syn. Cat. p- 830 (1877). Hab. Cairo. _ I know nothing of this species. Mr. Kirby’s reference to Erynnis leads me to place it here. Mr. Butler could not find the type in the British Museum. I fear that in this, as in so many other cases, we shall never be able to know exactly what Mr. Walker intended by his specific appellation.
Subfam. PaMPutrinz. TRapezites, Hiibn.
The following species, all but one occurring in Madagascar, I allow to remain in the genus 7’rapezites, where they have been for the most part located by Dr. Butler and Mons. Mabille. “Lieut. Watson states that the genus Z’rapezites, in the strict sense, 1s confined to the Australian region. Unfortunately I have not sufficient material at hand to justify the attempt by dissection and bleaching to determine whether these species are really separable from the genus in which they have hitherto been placed. It is much to be wished that some capable collector, who has an eye for the more obscure forms, might soon visit and’ thoroughly explore the field which is awaiting his labour in the great island east of Africa,
98. T. pMPyREUS, Mab.
Cyclopides empyreus, Mab. Pet. Nouv. Entom. vol. ii. p. 285 (1878).
Trapezites empyreus, Mab..Grand. Madgr.. vol. xviii. p. B56, pl. lit. figs. 1, 1 a, 2 (1887).
Hab. indepen
99. T. Fasruosus, Mab.
Cyclopides empyreus (pro parte), Mab. Pet. Nouv. Entom. vol. ii. p- 285 (1878).
Trapezites fastuosus, Mab. C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. vol. xxviii. p. clxxxvi (1884); Grandid. Madgr. vol. xviii. p. 338, pl. hii. figs. 9, 9a (1887). °
” Hab. Madagascar,
100. T. carmipEs, Hew.
Cyclopides carmides, Hew. Decartat, One Hundred New Hes- perid. p. 41 (1868); Exot. Butt. vol. y. pl. Cyclopides, fig. 1 (1874).
Trapezites carmicdes, Mab. Grandid. Madgr. vol. xviii. p. 332, pl. iii. figs. 8, 3. @ (1887).
Hab. Madagascar. :
28 DR. W. J. HOLLAND ON HH AFRICAN [Jan. 14,
101. T. watonvs, Mab.
Cyclopides malchus, Mab. Bull. de la Soc. Philomat. p. 136 1877 Hee ypsilon, Saalm. Lep. Madgr. p. 110 (1884).
‘Lrapezites malchus, Mab. Grandid. Maden vol. xviii. p. 332, pl. liii. figs. 5, 6 (1887).
Hab, Madagascar.
102. T. eritras, Mab.
Pamphila gillias, Mab. Pet. Nouv. Entom. vol. ii. p. 285 (1878).
Trapezites kingdont, Butl. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (5) vol. iv. p. 232 (1879).
Trapezites gillias, Mab. Grandid. Madgr. vol. xviii. p. 335, pl. hii. figs. 8, 8a (1887).
Hab. Madagascar.
103. T. Hova, Mab.
Cyclopides howa (err.), Mab. Bull. Soc. Ent. France, (5) vol. v. p- eexv (1875).
Trapezites hova, Mab. Grandid. Madgr. vol. xviii. p. 335, pl. liii. figs. 7, 7 « (1887).
Hab. Madagascar.
104, T. carooatinus, Mab.
Cyclopides catocalinus, Mab, Pet. Nouv. Entom. vol. ii. p. 285 (1878).
Trapezites catocalinus, Mab. Grandid. Mader. yol. xviii. p. 339, pl. liii. figs. 4, 4 @ (1887).
Hab. Madagascar. (Erroneously? labelled in Dr. Staudinger’s collection as from the Gold Coast.)
105. T. panorcuus, Mab.
Trapezites paroechus, Mab. Grandid. Madgr. vol. xviii. p. 334, pl. lii. figs. 1, 2, 2 @ (1887).
Hab. Madagascar.
106. T. (?) cHTRaLaA, Trim.
Pamphila chirala, Trim. P. Z. 8. 1894, p. 76, pl. vi. fig. 18, 9.
I place this species here provisionally, as, both from the figure
and the description, it seems more nearly allied to the species in this group than to any others,
Aotrnos, Mab.
107. A. tnucopy@a, Mab. Cyclopides leucopyga, Mab. Bull. Soc. Ent. France, 1877, p. 101.
1896.] BUTTERFLIES OF THE FAMILY HESPERIIDZ. 29
Acleros leucopyga, Mab. Grandid. Madgr. vol. xiii. p. 347, pl. liv. figs. 3, 3a (1887); Watson, P.Z.S. 1893, p. 76.
Hab. Madagascar.
This species may be distinguished from A. ploetzt, its near ally, by the broader extent of the white markings upon the outer margin of the secondaries, and the paler, more irregularly clouded underside of the secondaries. There are two specimens in the collection of Dr. Staudinger labelled as taken at Gaboon by Mocquerys, which are almost identical’ with examples from Madagascar. They were taken in September. (Are the locality- labels correct in these cases ?)
108. A. pLorrzt, Mab. (Plate IT. fig. 7.)
Apaustus leucopygus, Ploetz, 8. EK. Z. vol. xl. p. 360 (1879).
Acleros ploetzt, Mab. Bull. Soc. Ent. France, (6) vol. ix. p. elxviii (1889).
Hab. Aburi, Victoria, W. Africa (Ploctz); Gaboon, Cameroons (Good).
Mons. Mabille has very properly suggested the name ploetzi for this species, in view of the fact that the specific name leucopyga had already, in 1877, been applied by him to a closely allied species from Madagascar.
109. A. MACKENII, Trim.
Pamphila ? mackenii, Trim. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1868, p. 95, pl. vi. fig. 8.
Ancylozypha mackenti, Trim. 8. Afr. Butt. vol. iti. p. 331 (1889).
Hab. Southern Africa.
This species is very closely allied to A. ploetzi, Mab. (leucopygus, Ploetz), but may be distinguished by its somewhat larger size, and by the fact that the underside of the primaries is much darker, and by the two subtriangular spots of white standing out boldly upon this dark ground near the inner margin.
110. A. phacipus, Ploetz. (Plate II. fig. 19.)
Apaustus placidus, Ploetz, 8. E. Z. vol. xl. p. 360 (1879), vol. xlv. p- 157 (1884).
Hab. Aburi (Ploetz).
The figure of the type given in the plate accompanying this article suggests that the original specimen is somewhat faded. I am greatly inclined to the view that it represents a somewhat rubbed specimen of the species since named A. biguttulus by Mons. Mabille, and which may also be identical with the species named A. substrigata by me. In a very long series of specimens, numbering nearly one hundred, I find specimens more or less worn, which agree well with the figure and description of placidus, and otbers which are undoubtedly very close to, if not identical with, diguttulus, and still others, bright and fresh, which are
30 . DR.W. J. HOLLAND ON THE AFRICAN [Jan. 14,
unmistakably separated from the others by the markings of the underside of the secondaries as represented in the photographic representation of substrigata given by me in the ‘ Entomological News’ for January, 1894. Whether all of these belong to one and the same species remains to be proved, but the presumption seems to me to be in favour of this view. I do not, however, sink Mabille’s species and my own as synonyms of placidus in the present paper, although inclined strongly to take this view.
. 111. A. Brevrrunus, Mab.
Acleros biguttulus, Mab. Bull. Soc. Ent. France, (6) vol. ix. p- clxvii (1889).
Hab, Freetown, W. Africa (Mabille). °
From the brief description of the species given by Mons. Mabille, this species appears to me to be very near A. placidus, Ploetz (q. v.).
112. A. supsrricata, Holl.
Acleros substrigata, Holl. Ent. News, Jan. 1894, p. 28, pl. i. figs. 10, 11.
Hab. Valley of the Ogoveé.
This is possibly a form of placidus, Ploetz, as’ I have intimated above.
113. A. otaus, Ploetz.
Apaustus olaus, Ploetz, 8. E. Z. vol. xlv. p. 156 (1884); Karsch, Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1893, p. 260.
Hab. Loango (Ploetz), Togoland (Karsch).
Ploetz in his catalogue of the species of Apaustus, given in the Stett. Ent. Zeit. 1884, places A. olaus immediately before his leucopyga, which is strictly congeneric with the species described under the same name by Mabille, and made the type of the genus Acleros. A good copy of Ploetz’s drawing, pl. 744, shows that in form and pattern of marking olaus is indeed very near to leuco- pyga, Ploetz (ploetzi, Mabille); the main difference being the spots in the primaries noted by Ploetz in his original description.
“An examination of the figure’of Ploetz makes it plain, furthermore, that the type was a female. It seems do me quite possible that the insect described was a female of the species previously described by Trimen as Pamphila (?) mackenix. Karsch appa- rently is not sure of his identification of this species as given in his article in the Berl. Ent. Zeit. quoted in the synonymy above.
114. A. insvaBitis, Mab.
Acleros instabilis, Mab. Bull. Soc. Ent. France, (6) vol. ix. p. elxviii (1889).
Hab. Zanzibar (Mabille).
There are two females in the collection of Dr. Staudinger,
'1896.] BUTTERFLIES OF THY FAMILY HESPERIIDE. 31
which are labelled as from Loko, which are plainly referable to this species, which is doubtfully distinct from -A. ploetzi, Mab. (leucopygus, Ploetz). The specimens are smaller in size than is usual in the case of the female of A. ploetzi, Mab., and the outer angle of the primaries on the lower side is lighter. The white ‘spots on intervals two and three in the primaries are very large and distinct, more so than in females of A. ploctzi, observed b me. Still this may be only a local variety of A. ploctzi. By
GonreYRa, gen. nov. -
Antenne long, slender; club small, gradually thickened, taper- ing to a fine point;- terminal portion bent, but not hooked. Palpi: first joint short; second joint long, profusely clothed with hair, erect, and rising almost or quite to the vertex; third joint long, subconical, porrect, clothed with fine closely appressed hairs. Fore wing: inner margin a little longer than the outer margin,; cell about; one-half the length of the costa; vein 12 reaching the costa before the end of the cell, veins 7 and 8 from before the end of the cell; the upper and middle discocellulars form an obtuse angle at the end of the cell pointing inwardly, the middle and lower discocellulars form au angle with the apex pointing out-
Head and neuration of Gorgyra abure, Ploetz, J. 3.
wardly ; vein 5 is nearer vein 4 than 6; vein 3 well before the end of the cell; vein 2 twice as far from the end of the cell as from the base of the wing. Jind wing: the outer margin is evenly rounded and slightly excavated before vein 1 6; cell not quite reaching the middle of the wing; vein 7 well before the end of the cell, twice as far from 8 as from 6; discocellulars faint, nearly erect; vein 5 wanting or but faintly indicated; vein 3 just before the end of the cell; vein 2 beyond the middle of the cell; veins “1aand 16 curved; vein 16 clothed on either side with a bundle
32 DR, W. J. HOLLAND ON THH AFRICAN [Jan. 14,
of long hair-like scales; hind tibie almost naked and with two pairs of spurs. Type G. abure, Ploetz.
115, G. anurm, Ploetz.
Apaustus abure, Ploetz, 8S. E. Z. vol. xl. p. 359 (1879), vol. xlv. p. 153 (1884). Hab. Tropical West Africa.
G. DIVERSATA, var. nov.
This form differs from typical G. abure, Ploetz, in being pre- valently lighter in colour on the underside of the primaries and the dise of the secondaries, the darker outer third of the second- aries remaining as in the typical form, and giving the appearance, therefore, of a dark diffuse hind marginal border to the wing.
This form is quite common. About one-half of the specimens collected for me in the Valley of the Ogové belong to it, but I cannot lead myself to believe that it represents a species. Save in the colour modification noted, the specimens otherwise agree absolutely with G. abure, and there are a number of intergrading forms. (See next species.)
116. G. HeTEROcHRUS, Mab.
Pamphila heterochrus, Mab. Ann. Soc. Ent. France, (6) vol. x. p- 31, pl. iii. fig. 7 (1890); Novit. Lepidopt. p. 116, pl. xvi. fig. 4 1893). Gastrocheta diversata, Mab. MS., in coll. Staudinger.
Hab. Tropical West Africa.
The figure of G. heterochrus in the ‘ Novitates,’ was drawn from a specimen in the Staudinger collection, which has been labelled Gastrocheta diversata by Mons. Mabille. Another specimen which does not at all agree with the figure in the ‘ Novitates,’ and the duplicate of which was pronounced by Mons. Mabille himself to be a hitherto undescribed species, is labelled in the Staudinger collection as the type of G. heterochrus. There hag plainly been a misplacement of the labels. I have therefore taken the liberty of applying the name proposed by Mons. Mabille to this new form, of which there are numerous examples in my collection, and which is plainly a mere colour variation of G. aburw, Ploetz (vide supra).
117. G. sonnstoni, Butl. (Plate IL. fig. 6.)
Aeromachus (?) johnstoni, Butl. P. Z. 8. 1893, p. 673.
Hab. British Central Africa (Butl.); French Congo (Good).
I have several specimens of this little species from the Valley of the Ogové, agreeing absolutely with the type. It is closely allied to the species described herein as G. minima, Holl., but may be distinguished at once by its somewhat larger size, and the fact
1896.] BUTTERFLIES OF YHE FAMILY HUSPHRIIDA. 33
that the anal extremity of the abdomen is white, which is not be case in G. minima, Holl.
118. G. susracatus, Mab. (Plate IT. fig. 11.)
Cobalus subfacatus, Mab. Bull. Soc. Ent. France, (6) vol. ix. p- elxviii (1889).
Hab. Sierra Leone (Mabille).
This little species is not white at the end of the abdomen, nor has it the interrupted white line along the inner margin of the secondaries which is conspicuous in G. abure, Ploetz. The lower side in the type, which is before me, is more prevalently tawny on the costa and at the apex of the primaries, as well as on the disk of the secondaries. Otherwise it closely approximates G. abure, Ploetz, var. diversata, Holl.
119. G. Minima, sp. nov. (Plate LY. fig. 24.)
3. Primaries and secondaries on the upperside black. The primaries are ornamented by two minute spots near the end of the cell, of which the lower one is the larger. Immediately below this spot, in interval 2, is a moderately large sublunate transparent spot, and beyond this in the same series, in intervals 3 and 4, 2 small spot in each interval. Beyond the cell there is a minute subapical spot. The secondaries have a very small and obscure, scarcely visible, translucent spot at the end of the cell. The primaries and secondaries on the underside are blackish, with The the inner margin of the primaries slightly laved with fulvous. secondaries are obscurely marked with purplish hoary scales. ‘The cilia, both on the upper and lower side, are pale yellowish fuscous. The palpi are black on the upperside, yellowish underneath. The thorax and abdomen on the lower side are blackish.
Expanse 19-20 mm.
Hab. French Congo (Mocquerys).
This small species is allied to G. subfacatus, Mab., but appears to be quite distinct.
120. G. MocQuERYSII, sp. nov. (Plate V. fig 10.)
é. The upperside of the body, the primaries, and the second- aries are black. The primaries are ornamented with three minute subapical spots in the usual position. In some specimens these spots have a tendency to become obsolete. There are two -minute white translucent spots at the end of the cell in the _ primaries, and just below them in interval 2 a subquadrate spot.
On vein 1, near the middle in interval 1, is a small subtriangular spot, in interval 3, beyond the end of the cell, a moderately large subquadrate spot. In the male on the secondaries there is a lar ge translucent spot at the end of the cell, aud two similar elongated spots beyond the end of the cell on either side of vein 3 at its origin. On the underside the primaries are greenish ochraceous, with the inner balf of the wing broadly laved with blackish,
Proo. Zoox. Soc.—1896, No. III. 3
34 DR. W. J. HOLLAND ON THE AFRICAN (Jan. 14,
shading into fuscous at the outer angle. There is a series of marginal black spots near the apex, and the translucent subapical spots are defined outwardly by blackish markings. There is a fine marginal black line. The cilia are blackish, checkered with whitish on the intervals. On the upperside the cilia are whitish, checkered with blackish at the ends of the nervules. ‘The secondaries on the underside are greenish ochraceous, with the anal angle broadly marked. with fuscous. There are three distinct black subcostal spots, a series of black marginal markings, and the translucent spots are narrowly defined by fine blackish lines.
©. The female is like the male, but lacks the translucent spot at the end of cell of the secondaries.
Expuanse g 9 25-27 mm.
‘Yypes in coll. Staudinger.
Hab. Krench Congo (Mocquerys).
This species is very closely allied to G. heterochrus, Mab., from which, however, it may be easily distinguished by the markings of the cilia, and the absence of the patch of light colour which prevails in the secondaries at the anal angle of that species, and by the fact that the lower side of the abdomen is not bright yellowish as in @. heterochrus, but greenish ochraceous. There are other distinguishing markings, but these points will suffice at once to separate these species,
121. G. suBFLAvipus, Mab. MS., sp. nov. (Plate V. fig. 16.)
Pamphila subflavidus, Mab. MS., in Staud. coll.
o. Primaries and secondaries on the upperside blackish ; cilia of secondaries narrowly white. ‘The primaries are ornamented by a small roundish subapical translucent spot just below the end of the cell, by a small subquadrate spot of the same character in the cell near the lower angle, and by three larger spots on intervals 1, 2,and 8. The spot on interval 1 is subtriangular, on interval 2 subquadrate, and on interval 3 sublunate. ‘he secondaries are ornamented by two translucent wedge-shaped spots on either side of vein 3 near its origin, the ‘uppermost spot being produced beyond the lower. On the lower side the primaries are black, with a small white ray at the base, and with the apical extremity marked with greenish ochraceous. ‘here is a fine marginal black line, two minute blackish spots near the apex, and on either side of vein 5, near the outer margin, whitish markings. The secend- aries on the underside are pale straw-colour, with the outer margin and the costa clouded with darker brown markings. On interval 2 there is a dark brownish spot about halfway from the base. A small black spot is found below the costa near the origin of the subcostal nervures, and there is a similar small black spot near the end of the cell. The palpi on the upperside are black, on the lower side straw-yellow, as is also the entire lower side of the thorax and the abdomen. ‘The abdomen towards its
1896.] BUTTERFLIES OF THD FAMILY HESPERIIDA. 35
anal extremity is annulated on the lower side with brown, and at the anal extremity there is a tuft of blackish hairs.
Expanse 28 mm.
Type in coll. Staudinger.
Hab. Usagara, East Africa.
This species is somewhat allied in its markings to G. aretina, Hew., from which, however, it is abundantly distinct. It is undoubtedly a good species.
122. G. arrrina, Hew.
Ceratrichia aretina, Hew. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) vol. i. p- 343 (1878).
Apaustus dolus, Ploetz, S. E. Z. vol. xl. p. 358 (1879), vol. xlv. p. 151 (1884); Karsch, Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1893, p. 260 pl. vi. fig. 13.
nohenecnere albiventris, Mab. MS., in Staudinger coll.
Hab. Old Calabar (Hew.); Gaboon (G'oud) ; Togoland (Karsch) ; Loko (Staudinger).
I have compared the specimens in my collection with the type of C. aretina, Hew., and find them to be identical. The repre- sentation of Apaustus dolus, Ploetz, given by Karsch, is a most excellent representation of G. aretina, as is shown both by com- parison with the insect and with a carefully executed figure of the type made for me by Mr. Horace Knight, of London. Mons. Mabille identified the specimens I took with me to Paris as his Gastrocheta albiventris, comparing them with the type so labelled in the Staudinger collection, which is now again before me as I write. I cannot find any record of the publication of this name by Mons. Mabille, but it may possibly have eluded the vigilance of the compilers of the ‘ Zoological Record’ and others engaged in similar work.
123. G. mnpustaTA, Mab.
Hypoleucis indusiata, Mab. C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. vol. xxxv. p- cxiti (1891); Novit. Lepidopt. p. 117, pl. xvi. fig. 6 (1893).
Hab. Cameroons.
This insect is not cougeneric with the type of Hypoleucis, which is at best a very doubtful genus. It appears to be more correctly referred to the genus Gorgyra. With the exception of the type and a single specimen contained in my collection I do not know of any others in the museums of the world up to the present time. The type is in the Staudinger collection.
- 124. G. rupuscens, sp. nov. (Plate IV. figs. 175, 189.)
¢. Antenne black, marked with white below before the end of
the club. Palpi black on the upperside, pale yellow beneath.
Upperside of thorax and abdomen dark brown ; lower side of thorax
and abdomen obscure ochraceous. The primaries on the upperside
are bright rufous, with the costa and the outer margin broadly OF
36 . DR. W. J. HOLLAND ON THE AFRICAN [Jan. 14,
black. There are two translucent spots at the end of the cell, the upper small, the lower linear, fused with each other. There are two translucent wedge-shaped spots on intervals 2 and 3 on either side of vein 3 at its origin, and there are three translucent sub- apical spots in the usual position, the lower one the largest and elongated, the two upper ones inclined to obsolescence. These translucent spots are only visible when the specimens are held up to the light. The secondaries are bright rufous, like the primaries, with the costa very broadly, and the outer margin more narrowly bordered with black. A long black ray runs from the base to the outer margin before the anal angle. There is a wedge-shaped translucent: spot at the end of the cell near its lower edge, and two similar spots on either side of vein 3 at its origin. These spots, like those in the primaries, are only visible when the specimen is held up to the light. On the underside the primaries are dull reddish fuscous, with a pale yellow suffused spot on the inner margin about the middle. A black elongated spot extends from the base outwardly on the ceil as far as the inner margin of the translucent spots. These spots are defined outwardly beyond the cell by broad black markings. Near the apex, on the inter- costal interspaces, there is a series of submarginal fuscous markings, and the margin is defined by a fine marginal line. The cilia are fuscous. On the underside of the secondaries the prevalent colour is fuscous ochraceous, the translucent spots being distinctly defined on this side, and having a reddish waxy colour. There is a curved series of black submarginal markings extending round the wing, the spots below the costal margin being most conspicuous. ‘There is also a series of small marginal black spots, and a fine black marginal line. The anal angle is touched with dark brown. ‘The black ray running from the base to the outer margin is obscurely indicated on the lower side and interrupted before the anal angle by a blackish annulus, pupilled with pale yellow.
Q. The antenna, palpi, and body are marked as in the male, but the underside of the body is paler, the lower side of the palpi and the end of the abdomen on the underside being very pale straw-yellow. The primaries on the upperside are black, clothed with greenish scales at the base, along the costa, and the inner margin. The translucent spots in the primaries are bright yellow, standing out conspicuously upon the black ground-colour. The secondaries are marked as in the male, but the black border of the costa is broader and blacker, and the light portions of the wing are bright straw-yellow instead of rufous. The cilia on the upper- side at the inner angle both of the primaries and secondaries are whitish. On the underside the ground-colour is bright yellow- ochraceous, with all the black markings as in the male, but broader and more clearly defined upon the pale ground-colour. ‘The spots on the secondaries, which are prevalently bright yellow-ochraceous, . are very sharply detined. The black ray on the secondaries running from the base to the inner angle is replaced by three
1896.] BUTTHRFLIES OF THE FAMILY HESPERIID 2. 37
spots—a fine linear spot near the base, a conspicuous round black spot about the middle, and a geminate black spot near the outer margin, all on interval 1.
Tixpanse, d 26 mm., 9 28 mm.
Hab. Valley of the Ogové (Good, Mocquerys).
The very great difference in the coloration of this species from that of other species referred by me to the genus Gorgyra, and the dissimilarity between the male and female, analogous to that which is found in the various species contained in the genera Osmodes and Pardaleodes, have long led me to hesitate in referring this species to the genus in which I have finally placed it. A careful anatomical investigation made with bleached specimens under the microscope has made it plain to me that there is almost no structural difference. The form of the palpi, the antenne, and the neuration is identical with that of the other species referred to Gorgyra. ‘The species constitutes a section of the genus separate from its allies on account of the distinct coloration and the diversity in facies between male and female.
Gastrroomzra, Mab. MS., gen. nov.
Antennx slender, moderately long, reaching beyond the middle of the costa; club moderate, gradually thickened, tapering to a fine point, terminal portion bent, but not hooked. Fore wing: in the male produced at apex, in the female somewhat more rounded and broader ; the inner margin a little longer than the outer margin. ‘The cell two-thirds the length of the costa. Vein 12 reaching the costa a little beyond the end of the cell.
Neuration and palpi of Gastrocheta meza, Hew. 3.
The upper end of the cell is rounded between veins 11 and 6, and these veins are given forth from this rounded extremity. The upper and middle discocellulars form an obtuse angle with each other pointing inwardly. The middle and lower discocellulars form an obtuse angle with each other poiuting outwardly. Vein 5 is slightly nearer vein 4.than vein 6; vein 3 from a little before the end of the cell; vein 2 a little beyond the middle of the cell.
88 . _-DR.W. J, HOLLAND ON THE AFRICAN (Jan. 14,
The secondaries are suboval, with the outer margin evenly rounded. The costal and inner margins are straight between the angles. The cell is long, reaching a little beyond the middle of the wing. Vein 7 before the end of the cell, twice as far from 6 as 8; disco- cellulars faint, erect; vein 5 present, equidistant from veins 4 and 6; vein 3 before the end of the cell; vein 2 twice as far from the base as from the end of the cell; veins 1@ and 16 straight. Between veins 1 a and 18 there is a narrow fold heavily clothed with long tufts of hair-like scales. Interval 1 is likewise clothed heavily with long scales. Pualpi: first joint short, second joint long, both heavily clothed with scales; second joint erect, rising to the top of the vertex; third joint short, obtuse, slightly porrect, clothed with fine minute closely appressed hairs.
Type G. mabille:, Holl.
Mons. Mabille has designated a number of species by the generic name Gastrocheta in his own collection and in the col- lection of Dr. Staudinger, ag well as in my own collection. I discover, however, that he has nowhere published an account of this genus. In the ‘Entomological News,’ vol. v. p. 28, I pub- lished a species under this name as Grastrocheta mabillei. As this was the first time that the name appears to have been published, the species to which I have applied it must stand as the type of the genus. In many respects there is a superficial resemblance between the species pra in this genus and those included in the genus Gorgyra, some of the species of which Mons. Mabille has labelled in the Staudinger collection as belonging to that genus. An examination of the palpi and the neuration, however, instantly reveals the difference. ;
125. G. MaBriiiet, Holl.
Gastrocheta mabillei, Holl. Ent. News, vol. v. p, 28, pl. i. figs. 15, 16 (1894). Hab. Valley of the Ogové.
126. G. meza, Hewitson. (Plate II. fig. 9.)
Hesperia meza, Hew. Ann, & Mag. N. H. (4) vol. xix. p. 79 (1877).
Apaustus batea, Ploetz, 8. B. Z. vol. xl. p. 359 (1879), vol. xlv. p- 153 (1884).
Pamphila bubovi, Karsch, Berl. Ent. Zeit. vol. xxxviii. p. 251, pl. vi. fig. 10 (1894).
Gastrocheta varia, Mab. MS., in Staudinger coll.
Hab. Tropical West Africa, from Angola (Hew.) to Togoland (Karsch). Very abundant at Gaboon.
This species was originally determined for me by Mons. Mabille as Gastrocheta varia, Mab., upon comparison with specimens so labelled in his collection and that of Dr. Staudinger, but I cannot find that he has ever published a description under this name.
1896.] BUTTERFLIES OF THH FAMILY HESPERIIDE. 39
127. G. oybeutns, Holl.
Gastrocheta cybeutes, Holl. Ent. News, vol. v. p. 94, pl. iii. fig. 15 (1894). Hab. Valley of the Ogové.
G. oysnures, Holl., var. PALDIDA. _ There are two specimens contained in the Staudinger collection in which the markings on the underside of the secondaries are quite obscure, and the general coloration of these wings on the underside is paler. I propose the name pallida for this varietal form.
OxyPaALPus, Wats.
128. O. r¢n1TA, Mab. (Plate III. fig. 12.)
3. Pamphila igmta, Mab. Bull. Soc. Ent. France, (5) vol. vii. p- xl (1877).
Hesperia pyrosa, Ploetz, 8. HE. Z. vol. xl. p. 356 (1879), vol. xliv. p: 200 (188:3).
S (2). Pamphila gisgon, Mab. C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1891,
. elxxii. : 9. Pamphila gisgon, Mab. Novit. Lepidopt. p. 95, pl. xiii. fig. 6 (1893).
Oxypalpus ignita, Watson, P. Z. 8. 1893, p. 78.
Hab. Eningo (Ploetz) ; Ogové Valley (Good).
Mr. Watson. has properly cited P. yisgon, Mab., as the female of P. ignita, Mab. All the specimens of P. ignita I have ever seen, some fifty or more, have been males, and all of P. gisgon have been females. I had an opportunity of seeing the type of P. gisgon, and of pointing out to Mons. Mabille that it is a female. In the ‘ Novitates’ he cites it in the plate as of this sex. On the under- side P. ignite and P. gisgon agree very well. There are two forms, probably seasonal, one smaller and more tawny, the other longer and darker. Both are represented in my collection and that of Dr. Staudinger.
129. O. annutirur, Holl. - (Plate III. fig. 11.)
Oxypalpus annulifer, Holl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., Oct. 1892, p. 293.
Hab. Valley of the Ogové.
130. O. Ruso, Mab. (Plate III. fig. 13.)
Pamphila ruso, Mab. C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. vol. xxv. p. elxxxiii (1891).
Oxypalpus ruso, Butl. P. Z.S. 1893, p. 669.
Lab. Bagamoyo (Mabille); Zomba (Butler).
The type L saw in the collection of Mons. Mabille. The species is not contained either in my own collection or that of Dr. Stau- dinger. The figure in the plate was drawn from the type.
40 “DR. W. J. HOLLAND ON THE AFRIOAN [Jan. 14,
TernorHinvs', Holl.
Neuration of Teinorhinus watsoni, Holl., do. }-
131. T. watson, Holl. (Plate IIT. fig. 10.) . 7. watsoni, Holl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., Oct. 1892, p. 292. Hab. Gaboon.
Osmopzs, Wats.
- This is a well-marked genus, the males of which may be distin- guished at a glance by the patch of glandular raised scales located on the secondaries near the cell. The females differ greatly from the males upon the side, and in several species seem to be very closely related to each other in the pattern of the markings. In fact it is in many cases possible to discriminate between them only by paying the most careful attention to small points of difference, and by having specimens taken in coitu. Fortunately I have been able to satisfactorily solve most of the puzzling problems which the difference of the sexes present, thanks to the possession of vast series of specimens, carefully collected and accompanied by satis- factory observations in the field. It may be said that it seems to me that there is strong probubility that several of the species are dimorphic. But further research upon the ground is necessary to establish this supposition.
132. O, taronta, Hew. (Plate IV. figs. 13,22.)
O. laronia, Hew. Descript. Hesper. p. 35 (1868).
Plastingia laronia, Ploetz, 8. E. Z. vol. xl. p. 356 (1879), vol. xlv. p. 145-6 (1884).
Osmodes laronia, Wats. P. Z.S. 1893, p. 78.
Hab. Gold Coast, Gaboon.
This species is labelled Plastingia bicuta by Mons. Mabille in Dr. Staudinger’s collection, but the name has never been published.
133. O. THoRA, Ploetz. (Plate IV. figs.33,59.)
Plastingia thora, Ploetz, 8. K. Z. vol. xlv. p. 145 (1884). Osmodes thora, Wats. P. Z. 8. 1893, p. 79. Hab, Guinea (Ploetz), Gaboon (Good).
1 By a misprint in the ‘ Annals,’ originally published as “ Tentorhinus.”
1896.] BUTTHRFLIES OF THH FAMILY HESPERIIDE, 41
This species is much paler and brighter on the underside than any other in the genus known to me. It is barely possible that the species named by me in this paper Osmodes thops may be a seasonally dimorphic form of thora, The males agree almost perfectly upon the upperside, but on the underside thops is invariably darker, and the female of thops has the orange spots on the upperside larger and differing materially in outline.
134. O. apon, Mab. (Plate IV. figs. 13g, 159.)
Pamphila adon, Mab. Bull. Soc. Ent. France, 1889, p. exlix.
Hab. Sierra Leone, Gaboon.
The description given by Mons. Mabille is based upon a specimen in which the lower side of the secondaries shows but two silvery spots. I’have a series of about one hundred specimens, which reveal that there is variation in this respect from specimens which have no silvery spots at all to those which have five or six. The type specimen in Mons. Mabille’s collection is one which I had the pleasure myself of communicating to him, and represents a less spotted form than is quite common. A similar specimen in the Staudinger collection he has designated asa‘ type.” This species is undoubtedly dimorphic. I have specimens, larger in size than the typical form, in which the deep black basal portion of the primaries is not invaded near the inner margin by a narrow ray of the bright orange of the median band, as is the case in the type. But, aside from this, I find no distinction worthy of consideration.
135. O. curysavan, Mab. (Plate IV. fig. 7.)
Pamphila chrysauge, Mab. C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1891, p. elxxii ; Novit. Lepidopt. p. 93, pl. xiii. fig. 4 (1893).
Hab. Loko (Mabille), Cameroons (Good).
This species resembles O. laronia, Hew., at first sight, the sub- apical orange spot being confluent with the orange-coloured discal area of the primaries. But the black marginal band on the primaries is even on its inward margin and not deeply incised at the nervules, as is the case in laronia. The costal margin of the second- aries is also much more broadly marked with black. Compared with adosus, a closely allied species, it may be observed that the raised patch of scales on the secondaries is oval in chrysauge, and not so nearly circular as in O. adosus, and is blackish, not reddish, as in the latter species ; there is a small, linear, velvety mark near this spot upon the inner margin, which is entirely lacking i in adosus. Besides the ground-colour in O. chrysaugeis slightly paler than in 0. adosus, and the black inner marginal border is narrower in the secondaries than in the last-mentioned species.
136. O. avosus, Mab. (Plate IV. fig. 10.)
Pamphila adosus, Mab. Bull. Soc. Ent. France, (6) vol. ix. p- exlix (1889). Q. Pamphila argenteipuncia, Mab. MS.
42 "DR. W. J. HOLLAND ON THE AFRICAN (Jan. 14,
Hab, Sierra Leone (Mabille); Gaboon (Good).
I have the figure of a female Osmodes to which Mons. Mabille has affixed the name argenteigutta, and to the original type of which in the Staudinger collection he has attached the name urgentei- puncta, It is undoubtedly the female of the species named adosus by him. I know this because I have specimens of the two taken in coitu.
137. O. tux, Holl. (Plate LV. figs. 23g, 259.)
Osmodes lux, Holl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., Oct. 1892, p. 291. Hab. Valley of the Ogové.
138. O. staUDINGERI, sp. noy. (Plate IIT. fig. 20.)
@. Antenne, upperside of head, upper and lower side of thorax, and abdomen dark brown. The palpi on the underside are yellowish. The thorax on the upperside is clothed with a few obscure greenish scales. The primaries and secondaries on the upperside are dark brown. There are two bright yellow confluent spots on the cell near the end, three subapical spots which are situated in the usual place, and a series of spots extending from vein 1 to the subapical spots constituting a sharply defined macular band upon the disc. ‘Che lower spot of the series in interval 1 is subtriangular. The spot in interval 2 is elongated, subquadrate, and the largest of the series. The spot in interval 3 is the same form as the spot in interval 2 but smaller. The spots in intervals 4 and 5 are minute, elongated. ‘lhe lower subapical spot is larger and elong- ated. The two upper subapical spots are small.’ In the secondaries there is a small circular yellow spot at the end of the cell, and beyond it an irregularly curved series of five discal spots likewise bright yellow. On the underside the primaries and secondaries are more obscure in colour than on the upperside, the spots and markings being, however, identical in form and position.
Txpanse 30 mm.
Hab. Valley of the Ogové.
Type in ny collection.
I do not know the male of this species. The solitary female in my collection is, however, so totally distinct from every other species known to me that I do not hesitate to describe it as a new
form.
139, O. BANG-HAASIT, sp. nov. (Plate IV. fig. 9.)
¢o. Antenne black. Upperside of palpi, head, thorax, and abdomen rufous-brown. Lower side of the palpi, thorax, and abdomen of the same colour, somewhat more obscure. The pri- maries on the upperside have the ground-colour bright rufous. The apex, the outer margin, and the outer half of the inner margin are broadly deep black. Beyond the end of the cell there is a broad irregular black spot. The costal margin and the base of the wing as far as the middle of the cell are fulvous, shading outwardly about the middle of the wing into blackish. The secondaries are
1896.] BUTTDRELIES OF THN FAMILY HESPERIID®. 43
bright rufous, with the costal margin broadly black, the inner margin somewhat broadly margined with black, the outer margin defined with a moderately broad black marginal line. ‘The cilia are rufous. On the cell is a broad oval patch of raised scales, dark brown in colour. On the underside the wings are more obscurely marked, the spots of the,upperside reappearing upon the primaries, but much less sharply defined. The secondaries lack the black costal border and are marked on the dise by a number of minute silvery spots, surrounded by fuscous shadings. Of the spots, the one at the end of the cell is the most conspicuous.
. The female presents the usual broad divergence from the male which is characteristic of the genus, and superficially does not apparently differ very widely on the upperside from the female of O. adosus, Mab., an allied species. On the underside, however, it agrees almost absolutely with the male in the style of marking.
Expanse, ¢ 26 mm., 9 29 mm.
Types in coll. Staudinger.
Hab. French Congo (Mocquerys).
This is one of the most distinctly marked species in the genus.
140. O. pistincra, sp. nov. (Plate IV. fig. 16.)
3. Very closely allied to O. chrysauge, Mab., of which it may be a small variety. It differs from the type of O. chrysauge in having the apex more broadly black, the subapical yellow spots not being confluent with the broad orange-yellow discal tract as in chrysauge. he outer marginal black border is also relatively wider than in chrysauge, and the raised patch of scales on the cell of the secondaries is bright fulvous, not dark brown as in chrysauge, elongated, and not broadly oval asin the latter species. On the underside of the secondaries the outer margin is not so broadly marked with fulvous as in chrysauge.
Expanse 22 mm.
Hab. Gaboon (Mocquerys).
141. O. rHops, sp. nov. (Plate LV. figs. 4g, 69.)
3. Closely allied to O. thora, Ploetz, from which it is to be dis- tinguished by the fact that the black margin of the primaries is narrower than in thora and not irregular inwardly as in thora, but uniform, and by the fact that the underside of the secondaries is dark brown over the greater portion of the area, whereas in thora it is light, the outer margin being pale yellow in thora, and the basal half pale glaucous clouded here and there with darker brown.
Q. In the female the spots upon the primaries are broader than in the female of thora, while on the secondaries the fulvous spot in thops is smaller than the corresponding spot in thora.
I have a long series of both males and females, some of the examples taken im cottu, and it is perfectly plain that the two species are distinct, though superficially thops and thora show considerable likeness to each other.
44 DR. W. J. HOLLAND ON THE AFRICAN (Jan. 14,
RHABDOMANTIS, gen. nov.
Antenne: moderately long, nearly two-thirds the length of the costa from the base ; club moderate, the terminal portion fine, bent back at right angles. The palpi are as in the genus Osmodes.
Neuration of Rhabdomantis galutia, Hew. .
Primaries: the cell somewhat less than two-thirds the length of the costa; in the male the outer margin is very little less than the inner margin; in the female the outer margin is much less than the inner margin; vein 12 terminating on the costa before the end of the cell ; vein 5 nearer 4 than 6; upper discocellular long, out- wardly oblique ; middle discocellular very short ; lower discocellular short; vein 7 arising a little before the upper angle of the cell, vein 2 originating nearly twice as far from vein 3 as vein 3 is from vein 4. In many specimens of the male there is a remarkable sexual brand composed of androconia arranged in a narrow band extending across the disc in almost a straight line from the middle of interval 5 beyond the end of the cell to the inner margin before the outer angle. This is wanting, however, in some specimens, which otherwise are absolutely indistinguishable from the type (vide infra var. sosia). Secondaries: the cell about half the width of the wing; the discocellulars faint, erect; vein 5 absent; vein 3 originating a little before the end of the cell; vein 2 originating beyond the middle of the cell; vein 1 6 widely separated from vein 2; vein 1 @ near its extremity dilated and marked by a distinct sexual brand; vein 7 originating about two-thirds of the distance from the base. The outer margin is evenly rounded as far as vein 2 and much produced at the extremity of vein 1 6, then excavated between the extremities of vein 16 andla. The female has the neuration like the male, but the wings are longer, relatively narrower, and there is of course an entire absence of the sexual brands or markings. The style of maculation in this sex closely approximates that of the females in the genus Osmodes. Type ft. galatia, Hew., =rhqbdophora, Mab.
1896.] BUTTERFLIES OF THN FAMILY HESPHRIID A. 45
142. R. gaara, Hew. (Plate ILI. figs. 89, 15¢.)
Hesperia qalatia, Hew. Descript. Hesper. p. 36 (1868).
Pamphila rhabdophorus, Mab. Bull. Soc. Ent. France, (6) vol. ix. p. cxlix (1889).
Dimorphic var. 2. sosia, Mab.
Pamphila sosia, Mab. C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1891, p. clxxi.
Hab. Old Calabar (Hewitson) ; Gaboon (Good) ; Mozambique (Mabitle).
I have an enormous series of specimens of this insect, both males and females. It is absolutely impossible to distinguish between the females of 2. galatia and &. sosia. Sosia merely differs from galatia in being without the raised velvety brand of scales upon the primaries below the end of the cell. Some vestiges of this sexual mark, however, appear in a few specimens. I am perfectly convinced that the insects do not specifically differ from each other, and that we are simply dealing here with dimorphism affecting the sexual stigmata of the male sex. This is a singular fact, and, so far as my observation extends, hitherto unobserved.
PAROSMODES, gen. nov.
Closely allied to the genus Osmodes, from which it differs princi- pally in the form of the palpi, the third joint of which is long and porrect, whereas in typical Osmodes the third joint is short and suberect.
The antennez are moderately long, exceeding the middle of the costa. The neuration of the primaries and the secondaries is as in Osmoces, and there is likewise at the origin of veins 2 and 3 of the secondaries a raised patch of scales as in Osmodes. The primaries, as in the latter genus, have also a long tuft of bairs about the middle of the hind margin; these hairs are ordinarily folded forward against the under surface of the primaries as in Osmodes.
Type P. morantii, Trim.
143. P. Moranti, Trim.
Pamphila morantii, Trim. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1873, p. 122.
Pamphila ranoha, Westw. App. Oates’s Matabeleland, p. 353 (1881).
Pamphila morantii, Trim. 8. Afr. Butt. vol. iii. p. 311, pl. xii. fig. 3 (1889).
Osmodes runoha, Butl. P. Z. 8. 1893, p. 670.
Hab. South Africa and South Tropical Africa.
144. P. rorpria, Mab.
Pamphila icteria, Mab. C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. vol. xxxv. p. clxxx (1821). ;
Pamphila zimbaso, Trim. P. Z. 8. 1894, p. 74, pl. vi. fig. 17 9.
Hab. Manica-land (Trimen) ; Transvaal (Mabille).
46 DR. W. J. HOLLAND ON THD AFRICAN [Jan. 14,
The type of icteria is before me as I write. Ib is strictly con- generic with morantit, Trim.
145. P. Hanona, Westw.
Pamphila harona, Westw. App. Oates’s Matabeleland, p. 353 (1881); Trim. P. Z. 8. 1894, p. 74.
Hab. Manica-land (Z'rimen); Valls of the Zambezi ( Westwood),
OsPHANTES, gen. nov.
Antenne moderately long, slender; club gradually enlarging and terminating in a fine point, the terminal portion being recurved. The palpi are short, appressed, suberect, the first joint short, the second long, both densely covered with thick scales. The third joint is minute, conical. The hind tibie are armed with a double pair of spurs. The primaries have the inner margin strongly angulated about the middle and clothed with along bundle of hairs on the elongated portion of the hind margin, which is as long as the outer margin. Vein 5 nearer 4 than 6. Vein 12 terminating on the costa before the end of the cell. The cell more than halt the length of the costa. The secondaries have the neuration as in Osmodes. On the lower edge of the cell and about the origin of veins 2 and 3, the cell of the secondaries is naked, marked by an opaque tract, suboval in form, having a glazed appearance. Jm- mediately behind this naked glazed tract is a pocket-like depres- sion on the upperside lying between vein 1b and the lower margin of the cell near the base. The primaries on the underside have the basal portion almost naked toward the base, covered with shining closely appressed scales.
Type O. ogowena, Mab.
I was inclined originally to refer this peculiar species to Osmodes, to which it is allied, but the very peculiar structure of the hind wing shows such a great divergence from the typical species of Osmodes that I feel constrained to erect « new genus for its recep- tion. Furthermore, the coloration of the insect differs in many important particulars from that of typical Osmodes. The figure of the insect given in the ‘Novitates’ by Mabille is sufficiently charac- teristic, though the spots on the underside are not delineated as they are in the examples before me. They recall somewhat in the specimens I have the maculation of Padraona zeno, Trim.
146. O. ogowrna, Mab.
Plastingia ogowena, Mab. C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1891, p. exxi; Novit. Lepidopt. p. 94, pl. xiii. fig. 5.
Hab. Valley of the Ogove.
This species was evidently placed by Mons. Mabille with doubt in the genus Plastingia, in which he has put a number of other African species. The type of Plastingia is flavescens, Feld., with which this species has but little in common, save the general style of coloration. It does not agree with any other African species
1896.] BUTTERFLIES OF THD FAMILY HESPERIIDE. 47
known to me, though coming nearer certain species of Osmodes than any others. I have therefore not hesitated to erect a new genus for its reception.
Hyvronnuctis, Mab.
147. H. rrrpuncrata, Mab.
Hypoleucis tripunctata, Mab. C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1891, p. Ixix.
Hypoleucis titanota, Karsch, Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1893, p. 254, pl. vi. fig. 5.
Hab. West Africa. Common in the valley of the Ogové.
I have specimens determined by Mons. Mabille and compared with his type, which show that the form figured by Karsch in his excellent plate is identical.
148. H. opniusa, Hew.
Hesperia ophiusa, Hew. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. (3) vol. ii. p: 497 (1866); Exot. Lep. vol. v; Hesper. pl. v. figs. 46-48 (1873).
Iypoleucis ophiusa, Mab. C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. vol. xxxv. p. ]xix (1891); Wats. P.Z.S. 1893, p. 82-3; Karsch, Berl. Ent. Zeit. vol. xxxviii. p. 254 (1893).
Hab. Tropical Western Africa.
149. H. creracea, Snell.
Goniloba cretacea, Snellen, Tijd. voor Entom. 1872, p. 27, pl. ii. figs. 4, 5, & 6.
Hesperia camerona, Ploetz, 8. E. Z. vol. xl. p. 356 (1879), vol. xliv. p. 48 (1883).
Pamphila leucosoma, Mab. Pet. Nouv. Entom. vol. ii. 1877,
. 114. i Pamphila camerona, Karsch, Berl. Ent. Zeit. p. 250, pl. vi. fig. 9 (1893).
Hab. Tropical West Africa. Common at Gaboon and on Congo ; Togoland (Karsch).
The female differs from the wale in not having the extremity of the abdomen white and having the wings broader. The figure of G. cretacea given by Snellen exaggerates slightly the pale markings on the underside of the secondaries, while that given by Karsch does not show them as they are commonly found. I have speci- mens, however, which agree nearly with both representations, and which reveal that there is considerable variation in the distinctness - of these markings. My collection contains a series of forty specimens taken at different times and places.
150. H.? mnanria, Karsch. (Plate II. fig. 17.)
Hypoleucis enantia, Kursch, Berl. Ent. Zeit. vol. xxxviii. p. 255 (1893). Hab. Togoland (Karsch).
48 DR, W. J. HOLLAND ON THH AFRICAN [Jan. 14,
The species was described froma headless example. My convic- tion is, from the examination of a careful drawing made by Herr Prillwitz, which is reproduced in one of the plates accompanying this article, that we are dealing here with a species of Ceratrichia allied to, and perhaps identical with, C. stellata, Mab.
Cyctoripzs, Hiibn. 151. C, merits, Linn.
Papilio metis, Linn. Mus. Lad. Ulr. p. 325 (1764) ; Syst. Nat. ed. xii. p. 792 (1767); Dru. Ill. Exot. Ent. vol. ii. p. 28, pl. xvi. figs. 3, 4 (1773); Fabr. Syst. Ent. p. 528 (1775); Cram. Pap. Exot. yol. ii. p. 103, pl. clxii. fig. G (1777); Fabr. Spec. Ins. vol. ii. p. 182 (1781); Wulfen, Ins. Capens. p. xxxiii (1786) ; Fabr. Mant. Ins. vol. ii. p. 85 (1787); Gmel. Syst. Nat. i. 5, p- 2355 (1790); Thunberg, Mus. Nat. Ups. xxiii. p. 9 (1804).
Hesperia metis, Fabr. Ent. Syst. iii. 1, p. 829 (1793) ; Latr, Ene. Méth. vol. ix. p. 776 (1823).
Cyclopides metis, Hiibn. Verz. p. 112 (1816); Trim. Rhop. Afr. Austr. vol. ii. p. 293 (1866); S. Afr. Butt. vol. iii. p. 266 (1889).
Heteropterus metis, Wallgr. Rhop. Cafir. p. 46 (1857); Kirby, Syn. Cat. p. 623 (1871); Auriv. Kongl. Sy. Vet.-Akad. Handl. Bad. xix. no. 5 (1882); Staudgr. Exot. Schmett. vol. i. pl. 100 (1888).
Cyclopides metis, Watson, P. Z. 8. 1893, p. 90.
Hab. 8. Africa.
152. C. mane@acna, Boisd.
Steropes malgacha, Boisd. Faune Ent. Madgr. p. 67 (1838).
Hesperia limpopana, Wallgr. K. Sy. Vet.-Akad. Hand]. 1857; Lep. Rhop. Catfr. p. 50 (1857).
Cyclopides malgacha, Trim. Rhop. Afr. Austr. vol. ii. p. 294, pl. v. fig. 10 (1866); Grandid. Madgr. vol. xviii. p. 344, pl. lit. figs. 6, 6 a (1887); Trim. S, Afr. Butt. vol. ii. p. 268 (1889); Watson, P. Z. 8. 1893, p. 90.
Hab. 8. Atrica, Madagascar.
153. C. zerpan, Trim.
Cyclopides egipan, Trim. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1868, p. 94, pl. vi. fig. 9; 8S. Afr. Butt. vol. iii. p.271 (1889); Watson, P. Z.S. Lond. 1893, p. 90.
Hab. 8. Africa.
154. C. wituemt, Waller.
Heteropterus willemi, Waller. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl. 1857 ; Lep. Rhop. Caffr. p. 47 (1857).
Cyclopides? willemi, Trim. Rhop. Afr. Austr. vol. ii. p. 296 (1866).
Cyclopides cheles, Hew. Descript. One Hundred New Species
1896.] BUTTHRELIES OF THY FAMILY HUSPHRIIDE. 49
Hesp. ii. p. 42 (Gee); Exot. Butt. vol. v. pl. 59. figs..12, 13 (1874).
Cyclopides So, Trim. 8. Afr. Butt. vol. iii. p. 273 (1889) ; Watson, P. Z. S. Lond. 1893, p. 90.
Hab. 8. Africa, North and South Tropical Africa.
155. C. MEeninx, Trim.
Cyclopides menine, Trim. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1873, p. 121, pl. i. fig. 12.
Th ymelicus menine, Wallgr. Gifv. K. Vet.-Akad. Forh. 1875, p- 92.
Cyclopides argenteostriatus, Ploetz, S. EB. Z. vol. xlvii. p. 110 (1886); Watson, P. Z. 8. 1893, p. 90.
Hab. 8. Africa.
156. C. syrinx, Trim.
Cyclopides syrinx, Trim. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.: 1868, p- 93, ol. v. fig. 8, 1870, p. 387; S. Afr. Butt. vol. iii. p. 269 (1889)
Hab. Cape Colony.
157. C. aBsuora, Snellen.
Cyclopides abjecta, Snell. Tijd. voor Entom. 1872, p. 52, pl: ii. figs. 15, 16.
Steropes furvus, Mab: Bull. Soc. Ent. France, (6) vol. ix. p. clvi (1889).
Cyclopides uniformis, Karsch, Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1898, p. 245.
Hab. Guinea (Snellen); Sierra Leone (Mab.); Togoland (Karsch).
I think the above synonymy will be found to be correct. The type of Mons. Mabille appears plainly to agree in all particulars with the figure of Snellen, and also with an 1 excellent drawing of Cc. uniforms, Karsch, kindly provided by the author.
158. C. rormosus, Butl.
" Heteropterus formosus, Butl. P. Z. S. 1893, p. 670, pl. lx. fig: 8. Hab. Zomba, British Central Africa.
' 159. C. quapRistanarus, Butl. : Cyclopides quadrisignatus, Butl. P. Z. 8. 1893, p. 670, pl. lx. fig. 9. * Hab.’ Zomba; British Central Africa,
160. C. mips, Butl.
Cuore midas, Butl. P. Z. 8. 1898, p. 671, 1895, p. 265, pl. xv. fig. 6.
Hab.. Doan Be Central Africa (Butler). Proc. Zoot. Soo.—1896, No. IV. 4
50 _ DE. W. J. HOLLAND ON THE AFRICAN (Jan. 14,
161. C. LEPELEDIERI, Latr.
Hesperia lepeletier, Latr. Enc. Meth. vol. ix. p. 777 (1828).
Cyclopides lepeletierii, Trim. (part.) Rhop. Afr. Austr. vol. ii. p. 295 (1866); 8. Afr. Butt. vol. iii. p. 274 (1889).
Baracus lepeletierti, Watson, P. Z.S 1893, p. 114.
Hab. Southern Africa.
It is with some hesitation that I decline to accept the reference of this and the two following species to Moore’s genus Baracus, made by Mr. Watson. The thoroughness of Mr. Watson’s work should give great weight to his opinions, but in this case, after a careful examination of typical specimens of C. lepeletierii and its three congeners, which have been placed in Baracus, I am com- pelled to conclude that the differences are too slight in fact to warrant such a departure from the hitherto received classification of the insects.
162. C. rvornatus, Trim. ;
Cyclopides inornatus, Trim. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. (8) vol. ii. -p. 179 (1864); Rhop. Afr. Austr. vol. ii. p. 295, pl. v. fig. 11 (1866) ; S. Afr. Butt. vol. iii. p. 277.
Baracus inornatus, Watson, P. Z. S. 1893, p. 114.
Hab, South Africa.
163. C. anomaus, Ploetz. (Plate I. fig. 6.)
Apaustus anomeus, Ploetz, S. HE. Z. vol. xl. p. 358 (1879), vol xlv. p. 152.
Hab. Aburi (Ploetz).
The type is preserved in the Berlin Museum. A good specimen is contained in the collection of Dr. Staudinger, to which Mons. Mabille has affixed the manuscript name “ acosimus.”
164, ©. rsrra, Trim.
Cyclopides tsita, Trim. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1870, p. 386, pl. vi. fig. 13; S. Afr. Butt. vol. iii. p. 276.
Baracus tsita, Watson, P. Z.S. 1893, p. 114.
Steropes monochromus, Mab. C.R. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1891, p. lxiv.
Hab. South Africa.
165. C. anezenrnogurra, Butl.
fig. 8.
Hab. Nubia (Butler).
From the figure given by Dr. Butler it appears a little doubtful whether this species is a true Cyclopicdes.
166. C.(?) paota, Ploetz.
Cyclopides paola, Ploetz, 8. E. Z. vol. xlv. pp. 391-2 (1884).
Hab. Angola (Ploetz).
1 doubt the reference of this species to Cyclopides. The
Cyclopides argenteoguita, Butl. Lepid. Exot. p. 188, pl. xiv.
1896.] BUTIBRELINS OF 'THH FAMILY HESPORIIDA. 51
description seems to me to point to a form belonging to some other genus.
167. C.(?) BRuNNEOsTRIGA, Ploetz.
Cyclopides brunneostriga, Ploetz, S. EH. Z. vol. xlv. p. 392-3 (1884).
Hab. Pundo Ndongo (Ploetz).
This is probably not a true Cyclopides.
168. C. rom1, Robbe.
Cyclopides romi, Robbe, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. vol. xxxvi. p. 133 (1892) ;
Hab. Congo.
I cannot make much out of the brief description of Dr. Robbe. The description would apply perfectly, so far as it goes, to Cyclo- pides syrinz, Trim.
169. C. ammna, Grose Smith.
Cyclopides amena, H. Grose Smith, Ann. & Mag. N. H. (6) vol. vii. p. 127 (1891).
Hab. Madagascar.
This species is compared by its author to C. pardalinus, Butl., which Mr, Watson has referred with its allies to the genus Ampittia, but which, after examining the types, I prefer to restore to Cyclopides.
170. C. RHADAMA, Boisd.
Steropes rhadama, Boisd. Faune Madgr. p. 69, pl. ix. figs. 10, 11 (1833).
Heteropterus rhadama, Kirby, Syn. Cat. p. 623 (1871).
Cyclopides rhadama, Mab. Grandid. Madgr. vol. xviii. p. 343, pl. lvi. a. figs. 2, 2 a (1887). :
Ampittia rhadama, Watson, P. Z. 8S. 1893, p. 96.
Hab. Madagascar.
171. C. PARDALINA, Butl.
Cyclopides pardalina, Butl. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (5) vol. iv. p. 283 (1879).
Heteropterus pardalinus, Mab. Grandid. Madgr. vol. xviii. p. 345, pl. li. figs. 7, 7 @ (1887).
Ampitiia pardalina, Watson, P. Z. 8. 1893, p. 96.
Hab. Madagascar.
172. C. mirza, Mab. Cyclopides mirza, Mab. Grandid. Madgr. vol. xviii. p. 342, pl. lii, ‘figs. 3, 3 a (1887). i Ampittia mirza, Watson, P. Z. 8. 1893, p. 96. ! Hab. ‘Madagascar. 4*
52 DR. W. J. HOLLAND ON THE AFRIGAN [Jan. 14,
173. C. BERNIERI, Boisd.
Steropes bernieri, Boisd. Faune Madgr. p. 68, pl. ix. fig. 9 (1833).
Oyclopides berniert, Mab. Grandid. Madgr. vol. xviii. p. 342, pl. li. figs. 5, 5a (1887),
Ampittia bernieri, ‘Watson, P. Z. 8. 1893, p. 96.
Hab. Madagascar,
174, C. pispar, Mab.
Cyclopides dispar, Mab. Bull. Soc. Ent. France, (5) vol. vii. p- Ixxiii (1877). yi
Heteropterus dispar, Mab. Grandid. Madgr. vol. xviii. p. 346, pl. lil. figs. 8, 8 a, 9, 9a (1887).
Ampittia? dispar, Watson, P. Z. 8. 1893, p. 96.
Hab, Madagascar.
175, C. sactavus, Mab.
Cyclopides saclavus, Mab. C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. vol. xxxv. p. cvii (1891).
Hab. Madagascar.
176, C.(?) pHiIpyity, Walker.
Cyclopides phidyle, Walker, the Entomologist, vol. v. p. 56 (1870).
Hab. Hor Tamanib (Walker).
I cannot make out this species. I cannot discover where the type is, if it still exists. The insect remains to be rediscovered.
177. C.(?) uynx, Moeschler.
Cyclopides lynx, Moeschl. Verhandl. d. k. k. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Bd. xxviii. p. 210 (1879).
Hab, Africa?
Moeschler with some degree of doubt assigns this species to the African fauna. It may be Asiatic. Ido not know it except by the description referred to above.
178. C.(?) srunuata, Mab.
Ceratrichia stellata, Mab, C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1891, p. Ixv; Butler, P. Z. S. 1893, p. 673.
Cyclopides mineni, Trim. P. Z. 8. 1894, p. 72, pl. vi. fig. 16.
Hab. Mombasa (Mabille); British Central Africa (Butler) ; Manica (Trimen).
The type is in the collection of Dr. Staudinger. It is a female. There is also a cotype, a male, which is much smaller and badly worn, lacking altogether the cilia on the wings and minus the poteune. ‘The original reference of this species to the genus Ceratrichia, which has been followed by Dr. Butler and others, is
1896. ] BUTTERFLIES OF THH FAMILY HESPBRIIDZ. 53
not correct, nor is the reference of the species to the genus Cyclo- pides made by Mr. Trimen much better, though certainly more natural than the original location. I have been tempted to erect a new genus for the reception of this and the following form, but with the insufficient material at my command for a close anatomical study I refrain. Manifestly the much shorter antenna, with obtuse clubs, the long cilia of the primaries and the secondaries, the rounded apex of the primaries, and the different general outline of the wings point to a different generic location than that given by the author of the species.
179. C.(?) punorunaTA, Butl.
Ceratrichia punctulata, Butl. P. Z.S. 1895, p. 265, pl. xv. fig. 7. Hab. British Central Africa (Butler).
I think it very doubtful whether this is more than varietally distinct from the foregoing species.
PROSOPALPUS, gen. nov.
Antenne relatively long, reaching beyond the middle of costa; slender, with a moderately thick and elongated club terminating in a fine point, the terminal portion for a short distance bent, not hooked or recurved. Palpi: first joint short; second joint very long, produced for half of its length beyond the front ; both second and third joints heavily clothed with scales; the third joint is long, produced, acute, almost naked. The hind tibiw have a double pair of spurs. In the primaries the cell is moderately long, its end reaching fully to the middle of the wing; vein 12 termi- nating slightly before the end of the cell; vein 7 from end of the cell; vein 5 very slightly, if at all, nearer vein 4 than vein 6. The primaries are relatively broad, the outer margin and outer angle evenly rounded. Secondaries: cell short, not reaching to the middle of the wing; vein 5 present, equidistant from veins 4 and 6; vein 7 from before the end of the cell, four times as far from vein 8 as from the end of the cell ; vein 8 from very near the base; veins 3 and 4 both from the end of the cell; vein 2 from before the end of the cell; veins 1a and 16 curved; fringes very long ; secondaries evenly rounded on the costa and the outer margin to the anal angle; the inner margin nearly straight.
Type P. duplex, Mab.
The small species which I have chosen as the type of this genus is very distinct in general appearance from all other species which appear to be in any wise related to it. In the structure of the palpi it approaches somewhat the genera Gorgyra and Parosmodes. In the form of the wings, broad and evenly rounded, as well as in the almost uniform black coloration, it is widely different from all the species included in those two genera. Instead of being’ robust, as those species are, it wholly differs, esembling more closely in some respects in the form of its wings
54 _ DR. W. J. HOLLAND ON THE AFRIOAN (Jan. 14,
the genus Oyclopides. It is worthy of remark that the palpi are wanting in the type specimens of P. duplea which are contained in the collection of Dr. Staudinger. I have relied for the descrip- tion of the palpi upon specimens contained in my own collection, which in their remarkable length obscurely suggest the genus Libythea.
180. P. pupnEex, Mab. (Plate III. fig. 17.)
Oobalus duplex, Mab. Bull. Soc. Ent. France, (6) vol. ix. p. clxix (1889).
Hab. Sierra Leone (Mabille); Gaboon (Good).
181. P.(?) pusriis, Ploetz. Apaustus debilis, Ploetz, 8. E. Z. vol. xl. p. 860 (1879), vol. xlv. p. 158 (1884).
Hab. Guinea (Ploetz). I place this species here on the ground of the near relationship of the preceding species to it, as stated by Mons. Mabille.
Amprtt1a, Moore.
182. A. cariatn, Hew.
Cyclopides cariate, Hew. Descript. One Hundred New Hesperid. p- 44 (1868); Exot. Butt. vol. v. pl. Cyclopides, fig. 8 (1874); Mab. Grandid. Mader. vol. xviii. p. 341, pl. lii. figs. 4, 4 a (1887).
Ampittia cariate, Watson, P. Z. 8. 1893, p. 96.
Hab. Madagascar.
183. A. coroLtr, Boisd.
Hesperia coroller, Boisd. Faune Ent. Madgr. p, 66, pl. ix. fig. 8 (1833).
Pamphila coroller, Mab. Grandid. Madgr. vol. xviii. p. 364, pl. liv. figs. 1, 1 @ (1887).
Padraona (?) coroller, Wats. P. Z. 8S. 1893, p. 102.
Hab. Madagascar.
Kupestxs, Wats.
184. K. pupanoa, Waller.
Hesperia lepenula, Wallgr. K. S. Vet.-Akad. Handl. 1857 ; Lep. Rhop. Caffr. p. 50.
Pamphila? lepenula, Trim. Rhop. Afr. Austr. vol. ii. p. 298 (1868).
Cyclopides chersias, Hew. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) vol. xx. p- 327 (1877).
Thymelicus lepenula, Trim. S. Afr. Butt. vol. iii. p. 300, pl. xi. fig. 6 (1889).
Kedestes lepenula, Wats. P. Z. S, 1893, p. 96,
Hab, Southern Africa,
1896. ] BUTTERFLIES OF THH FAMILY HESPERIIDE. 55
185. K. macomo, Trim.
Cyclopides macomo, Trim. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. (3) vol. i. p. 405 (1862)
Pamphila macomo, Trim. Rhop. Afr. Austr. vol. ii. p. 297, pl. vi. fig. 6 (1866).
Thymelicus macomo, Staud. Exot. Schmett. vol. i. pl. 100, 2 (¢& error) (1888); Trim. 8. Afr. Butt. vol. iii. p. 302 (1889).
Kedestes. macomo, Wats. P. Z. 8. 1893, p. 96.
Hab. Southern Africa.
186. K. oappnas, Hew.
Cyclopides capenas, Hew. Descript. One Hundred New Hesperid. p. 43 (1868) ; Exot. Butt. vol. v. pl. Oyclopides, figs. 2, 3 (1877).
Cyclopides derbice, Hew. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) vol. xx. p. 327 (1877).
Kedestes capenas, Wats. P. Z. 8. 1893, p. 96.
Thymelicus capenas, Trim. P. 4.8. 1894, p. 73.
Hab. Manica.
187. K. onaoa, Trim.
Pyrgus chaca, Trim. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1873, p. 118, pl. ik figs. 9, 10; S. Afr. Butt. vol. iii. p. 296 (1889).
Kedestes chaca, Wats. P. Z. 8. 1893, p. 96.
Hab. South Africa ; South Tropical Africa.
188. K. rucusa, Trim.
Pyrgus tucusa, Trim. Trans, Ent. Soc. Lond. 1883, p. 359 ; §. Afr. Butt. vol. iii. p. 297 (1889).
Kedestes tucusa, Wats. P. Z.S. 1893, p. 96.
Hab. South Africa.
189. K. monozutTza, Waller.
Hesperia mohozutza, Wallgr. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl. 1857 ; Lep. Rhop. Caffr. p. 50.
Pyrgus mohozutza, Trim. Rhop. Afr. Austr. vol. ii. p. 291, pl. v. fig. 9 (1866); S. Afr. Butt. vol. iii. p. 294 (1889).
Kedestes mohozutza, Wats. P. Z. 8. 1893, p. 96.
Hab. South Africa ; South Tropical Africa.
190. K. oantiones, Hew. : Cyclopides callicles, Hew. Descript. One Hundred New Hesperid. p. 42 (1868); Exot. Butt. vol. v. pl. Cyclopides, figs, 10, 11 (1877). Pamphila callicles, Trim. 8. Afr. Butt. vol. iii. p. 309 (1889). _ Kedestes callicles, Wats. P.Z.S. 1893, p. 96. Hab, South Africa ; South Tropical and North Tropical Africa,
€
56 DR. W. J, HOLLAND ON THE AFRICAN... _— (Jan. 14,
191. K. Barsara, Trim. eke Shirl) US RY . Cyclopides barbere, Trim. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1873, p. 120, pl. i. fig. 11; 8. Afr. Butt. vol. iii. p. 8306 (1889).
Hab. Cape Colony ; Mashonaland.
192. K. waLLENGRENII, Trim.
Thymelicus wallengrenti, Trim. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1883, p. 361; S. Afr. Butt. vol. iii. p. 304, pl. xi. fig. 7 (1889).
Hab. Natal; Mashonaland. :
193. K. nivEostrica, Trim.
Pamphila? niveostriga, Trim. Trans.-Ent. Soc. Lond. (3) vol. ii. p. 179 (1864); Rhop. Afr. Austr. vol. ii. p. 298, pl. vi. fig. 7 (1866); Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond, 1870, p. 389.
Thymelicus niveostriga, Trim. 8. Afr. Butt. vol. iii. p. 303 (1889).
Hab, 8. Africa.
194, K. renestRatvs, Butl. (Plate II. fig. 16.) Baracus fenestratus, Butl. P. Z. 8. 1893, p. 673.
Hab. Zomba, British Central Africa. This species is. very closely allied to, if not identical with, K, wallengrenii, Trim. Sal
195. K.(?) tenTIGINosA, sp.nov. (Plate IV. fig. 22.)
. On the upper surface having the general appearance of a female of the genus Osmodes, to which genus, however, it plainly cannot. be referred, owing to the form of the palpi, which are more nearly those of the genus Kedestes. The palpi, head, thorax, and abdomen are black. On the underside the palpi are ochraceous, and the lower side of the abdomen is ochraceous. The primaries are black, marked with two moderately large subapical yellow spots in the usual position, two small confluent yellow spots at the end of the cell, and three moderately large discal yellow spots forming a diminishing series extending from intervals 1 to 3 below the cell. The secondaries are crossed beyond the cell on the middle by a broad curved yellow discal band, diminishing inwardly toward the base. The primaries have the costal margin and the apex broadly ochraceous. The cell and the lower half of the wing are broadly black, upon which the two spots at the end of the cell and the three forming the discal transverse series on the upperside reappear sharply defined against the dark ground. The secondaries ‘are uniformly pale greenish-ochraceous, marked by a few distinct round black spots, one on the cell near its upper margin between veins 6 and 7 beyond the end of the cell, one on either side of vein 3 halfway between the cell and the outer margin, one on interval 1 below the cell near the base, a larger one on the same interval halfway between the base and the outer margin, The cilia- of the
“
1896.] : BUTTDRFLINS OF THH FAMILY HESPERIIDE. 57
primaries brown, on the underside of the secondaries pale ochra- ceous touched with dark brown near the end of vein 2. Expanse 26 mm.
Type in collection of Dr. Staudinger.
Hab. Gaboon (Mocquerys).
Avopza, Billberg. (Pelion, Kirby.) 196. A. tHAUMAS, Hufn.
Papilio thaumas, Hufn. Berl. Mag. ii. p. 62 (1776).
Q. Papilio flavus, Miill. Prodr. Zool. Dan. p. 115 (1776).
Papilio linea, Wien. Verz. p. 160 (1776).
@. Papilio venula, Hiibn. Eur. Schmett. i. figs. 666-669 (1803- 1818).
Thgmelicus thaumas, Kirby, Syn. Cat. p. 609 (1871).
Hesperia thaumas, Staud. Cat. d. Lép. p. 35 (1871).
Adopea thaumas, Billb. Enum. Ins. p. 81 (1820); Wats. P. Z.S. 1893, p. 98. -
(For fuller synonymy see works on palearctic Lepidoptera.)
Hab. North Africa.
197. A. LovEoLA, Ochs.
Papilio lineola, Ochs. Schmett. Eur. i. p. 230 (1808).
Papilio virgula, Hiibn. Eur. Schmett. i. figs. 660-663 (1803- 1818).
Thymelicus lineola, Kirby, Syn. Cat. p. 609 (1871).
Hesperia lineola, Stand. Cat. d. Lép. p. 35 (1871).
Adopea lineola, Wats. P. Z. 8. 1893, p. 98.
(For fuller synonymy see works on palearctic Lepidoptera.)
Hab. Mediterranean coasts of Africa.
198. A. scrzon, Esp.
Papilio acteon, Esp. Schmett. vol. i. pl. xxxvi. fig. 4 (1777); Rott. Naturf. vi. p. 30 (1777).
Papilio acteon, Hiibn. Eur. Schmett. i. figs. 488-490 (1798- 1803).
Thymelicus acteon, Kirby, Syn. Cat. p. 609 (1771).
Hesperia acteon, Staud. Cat. d. Lép. p. 35 (1871).
Adopea acteon, Wats. P. Z.S8. 1893, p. 98.
(For fuller synonymy see works on palearctic Lepidoptera.)
Hab. Mediterranean coasts of Africa.
199, A. HAMza, Oberth.
Hesperia hamza, Oberth. Etud. Ent, i. p. 28, pl. iii. figs. 2a, 2b, 2c (1876). Hab, Algeria,
58 DR. W. J. HOLLAND ON THR AFRICAN (Jan. 14,
Gzennus, Hiibn. (Philoddus, Ramb.)
200. G. Nostropamus, Fabr.
Hesperia nostrodamus, Fabr. Ent. Syst. iii. 1, p. 328 (1793).
Papilio pygmeus, Cyr. (nec Fabr.) Ent. Neap. pl. li. fig. 5 (1787) ; Hiibn. Eur. Schmett. i. figs. 458-460 (1798-1803).
Papilio pumilio, Hoftm. Til. Mag. iii. p. 202 (1804).
Hesperia lefeburii, Ramb. Cat. Lép. And. p. 90, note (1858).
Pamphila nostrodamus, Kirby, Syn. Cat, p. 598 (1871).
Hesperia nostrodamus, Staud. Cat. d. Lép. p. 35 (1871).
Gegenes nostrodamus, Wats. P. Z.S. 1898, p. 104.
(For full synonymy consult works on European species.)
Hab. Mediterranean coasts of North Africa.
201. G. Horrentora, Latr.
292. Papilio niso, Linn. Mus. Ulr. Reg. p. 339 (1764); Syst. Nat. i. 2, p. 796 (1767).
3. Hesperia hottentota, Latr. Encye. Méth. vol. ix. p. 777 (1823).
Hesperia letterstedti, Wallgr. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl. 1857; Lep. Rhop. Caffr. p. 49.
Pamphila letterstedti, Trim. Rhop. Afr. Austr. vol. ii. p. 300 (1866).
Pamplhala hottentota, Staud. Exot. Schmett. vol. i. pl. 99 (1888).
Pamphila hottentota, Trim. 8. Afr. Butt. vol. iii. p. 314 (1889).
Gegenes hottentota, Wats. P. Z.S. 1893, p. 104.
Q. Thymelicus brevicornis, Ploetz, 8. E. Z. vol. xlv. p. 290 (1884).
Hab. Southern and Western Africa as far north as Senegambia.
I follow Mr. Trimen in disregarding the somewhat forcible plea of Prof. Aurivillius for the identification of Latreille’s species with the Papilio niso of Linneus, and the substitution of the latter name. ‘The copies of Clerck’s figures given by Prof. Aurivillius do not carry conviction with them. They may apply to several other obscure African forms as well as to the species named by Latreille, and the description given by Linnzus is wholly inadequate. We shall for ever be in the dark as to the species intended by Linneus. The identification defended so learnedly by Prof. Aurivillius lacks altogether that positiveness which in such a case is essential, and is at best merely opinionative. In letters and orally Mons. Mabille has stoutly maintained to me the identity of Latreille’s species H. hottentota with the species recently described by Mr. Trimen under the name obumbrata (see p. 59). The females of G@. obumbrata are positively undistinguishable from the females of @.hottentota, and I am inclined to think that the form characterized by Mr. Trimen is a dimorphic variety. Typical males of G. hottentota and males of the form obwmbrata are found in my collection, having been taken on the same day and in the same locality ix cottu with
1896.] BUTTERFLIES OF THE FAMILY HESPERIID 2. 59
females which are absolutely inseparable from females _ of G. hottentota received from Mr. ‘Trimen and taken at the Cape. It is worthy of note that all specimens of G. hottentota taken in Angola and northward, so far as they have come under my obser- vation (I have seen several hundreds of specimens from various localities), are prevalently smaller than specimens from the Cape.
202. G. oBUMBRATA, Trim.
Pamphila obumbrata, Trim. P. Z. 8. 1891, p. 103, pl. ix. fig. 23, g.
Hab. Angola, Gaboon, Liberia, and tropical West Coast of Africa generally.
This species is excessively common about Gaboon, and, as I have remarked under G. hottentota, appears to be a dimorphic form of that species. Typical hottentota occurs in company with it at the same places, and the females are absolutely indistinguishable.
203. G. atBieurra, Mab.
Pamphila albiguita, Mab. Grandid. Madgr. vol. xviii. p. 357 pl. liv. figs. 2, 2 a (1887).
Hab. Madagascar, Natal (in coll. Staudinger).
The specimen labelled P. albigutta by Mabille in the Staudinger collection is from Natal. It is badly rubbed and worn, but shows likeness to my subochracea (see p. 56). It is doubtfully the insect figured in Grandidier’s ‘ Madagascar.’
204. G.(?) aamproa, Mab.
Pamphila gambica, Mab. Pet. Nouv. Ent. vol. ii. p. 233 (1878).
Hab. Senegambia.
I place this species here without any knowledge of it other than that derived from the description, in which the author states that it is very near G. hottentota, Latr.
205. G.(?) occutra, Trim.
Pamphila occulta, Trim. P. Z.8. 1891, p. 103.
Hab. South-western Africa, Transvaal.
I place this species here provisionally. Mr. Trimen states that it is allied in some respects to G. hottentota, but fails to describe the antennew and palpi, without a knowledge of which the generic location must be temporarily doubtful. It may turn out to be a Parnara or a Baoris.
Papraona, Moore.
206. P. zno, Trim. (Plate III. fig. 6.) _ Pamphila zeno, Trim. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. (8) vol. ii. p. 179 (1864); Rhop. Afr. Austr. vol,ii. p. 301 (1866); 8S. Afr. Butt, yol. iii. p, 313, pl. xii. fig. 2 (1889).
‘60 DR. W. J. HOLLAND ON THE AFRIOAN (Jan. 14,
Pamphila splendens, Mab. Pet. Nouv. Ent. vol. ii. p. 114 (1877). :
Padraona watsoni, Butl. P. Z.8. 1893, p. 671.
Hab, South Africa, British Central Africa, Somaliland (in. coll. Holland).
I have in my possession most beautifully executed drawings of the male and female of the insect recently described by my valued friend Mr. Butler as Padraona watsoni, but I am _ utterly unable to detect any differences of specific value between this form and typical specimens of P. zeno which I have received from Mr. Trimen.
A specimen of Pamphila splendens, Mab., so labelled by the late Mr. Hewitson, which is found in Dr. Staudinger’s collection, confirms the view I had reached by the study of Mabille’s description that it is the same as P. zeno, Trimen.
207. P. (?) conarrus, Ploetz.
Apaustus collatus, Ploetz, Berl. Ent. Zeit. vol. xxix. p. 229. ~ Hab. Delagoa.
This species is known to me only by the copy of the figure of Ploetz, which I have been permitted to examine through the courtesy of Mons. Mabille. Judging from this representation, it is a not distant ally of P. zeno, Trimen, differing principally in the narrower fulvous markings of the upperside, and the darker colour of the underside of the wings, which in the drawing are quite black except at the base of the wings. The fulvous spots stand out in bold contrast upon this dark ground.
Cuapnra, Moore.
208. C. marutas, Fabr.
Hesperia mathias, Fabr. Ent. Syst. Suppl. p. 433 (1798); Latr. Ene. Meéth. vol. ix. p. 751 (1828).
2? Celenorrhinus thrax, Hiibn. Samml. aussereur. Schmett. (1816-1841).
Hesperia havei, Boisd. Faune Ent. Madgr. p. 64 (1833).
Hesperia insconspicua, Bert. Mem. Acad. Sci. Bologna (1849- 50), p. 15, pl. i. figs. 4, 5.
Hesperia thrax, Ledr. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. v. pl. iv. figs. 9, 10 (1855).
Hesperia mahopaani, Wallgr. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Hand]. (1857) ; Lep. Rhop. Caffr. p. 48 (1857).
Pamphila micipsa, Trim. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. (3) vol. i. p. 290 (1862).
Pamphila mohopaani, Trim. Rhop. Afr. Austr. vol. ii. p. 304
1866).
‘ Epargyreus mathias, Butl. Cat. Fabr. Diurn. Lep. p. 275, pl. iii. fig. 8 (1870). ‘ :
Pamphila elegans, Mab. Bull, Soc. Zool. France, p. 232 (1877),
1896.] BUTTERFLIES OF THE FAMILY HUSPHRIIDE. 61
Chapra mathias, Moore, Lep. Ceylon, vol. i. p. 169, pl. 70. figs. 1, 1 a (1880-81).
? Pamphila ibara, Ploetz, 8. E. Z. vol. xliv. p. 88 (1883).
Pamphila octo-fenestrata, Snalm. Lep. von Madagascar, p. 108
(1884).
Pamphila mathias, var. elegans, Mab. Grandid. Madgr. vol. xviii. p- 356, pl. lv. figs. 4, 4 a, 5 (1887).
Pamphila mohopaani, Trim. 8. Afr. Butt. vol. iii. p. 324 (1889).
Pamphila insconspicua, Butl. P. Z.S. 1893, p. 672 ; Trim. P. Z.S. 1894, p. 76.
Hab. Africa south of the Sahara, Madagascar, and adjacent islands.
After a very full and thorough study of a great collection of specimens in my possession, coming from all parts of the African continent, including examples from Abyssinia, Zanzibar, the Cape Colony, Angola, Gaboon, and Sierra Leone, and after a diligent comparison with long series before me coming from various parts of continental Asia and the adjacent islands, I am forced to the conclusion, which has already been cautiously maintained by others, that the African insect commonly labelled in collections as mohopaani, Wallgr., is identical with the insect named mathias by Fabricius. The differences which exist are in most cases merely differences of size, and without locality-labels to show whence the particular specimens come from it would be impossible to distinguish them. The specimens from the region of the Cape are generally a little larger than Indian examples, but I have not a few specimens among the three or four hundred examples of the African forms before me as I write which are as small os any I have from India.
Indeed C. lodra, Ploetz, which Mons. Mabille maintains, in his correspondence with me, to be simply a small form of C. mathias, is smaller than any Indian examples I have in my possession. I do not, however, quite agree with Mons. Mabille in his view, and prefer to still maintain Jodra in this catalogue as a distinct species
(v. infra).
209. C. topRA, Ploetz.
Pamphila lodra, Ploetz, 8. EB. Z. vol. xl. p. 355 (1879), vol. xliv. p- 45 (1884).
Hab. Tropical West Africa (Gaboon, Cameroons).
This is a diminutive reproduction at first sight of C. mathias, Fabr., but while the markings are exactly the same as in that species, it may be easily and invariably separated by attending to the fact not only that it is so small, but that the fringes are pure white, and the undersides of both the primaries and secondaries are dark hoary greyish brown. It may be that this form is, as has been suggested, a mere variety or local race of C. mathias, but until we know more about the facts I hesitate to sink the name of Ploets as a synonym. ;
62 DR, W. J. HOLLAND ON THB AFRIOAN (Jan. 14,
210. C. sinnis, Mab.
Pamphila sinnis, Mab. Pet. Nouv. Ent. vol. ii. p. 285 (1878).
Hesperia weymert, Saalm. Lep. von Madagascar, p. 107 (1884).
Pamphila sinnis, Mab. Grandid. Madgr. vol. xviii. p. 361 pl. lv. figs. 1, 2, 2 a (1887).
Pamphila albirostris, Grand. Mader. vol. xviii. p. 361 (1887), pl. lvi. a. figs. 4, 4 a (plate not published at date of June 1st, 1895).
Hab. Madagascar.
I have the type of P. albirostris before me: it is the male of C. sinnis, Mab. The characteristic sexual brand on the primaries shows that the insect is a true Chapra.
211. C. wamso, Ploetz.
Hesperia wambo, Ploetz, 8. E. Z. vol. xlvii. p. 97 (1886).
Hab. Africa (Ploeiz).
From the description this species would appear to be closely allied to mathias, Fabr. The description is not definite enough to base any very exact conclusions upon it.
Parwnara, Moore.
I have brought together into this genus an assemblage of species which are very closely related structurally, and seem to me to be more properly assigned to Parnara than to any other existing genus. At the same time, it is proper to observe that this arrangement is in some respects merely tentative. In several cases the species depart somewhat widely from the type, yet I am not prepared on this account to separate them, and set up new genera for their reception.
212. P. Borzbontoa, Boisd.
Hesperia borbonica, Boisd. laune Ent. Madgr. p, 65, pl. ix. figs. 5, 6 (1833).
Hesperia fatuellus, Wallgr. (nec Hoptt.) K. Sy. Vet.-Akad. Handl. 1857 ; Lep. Rhop. Caffr. p. 48 (1857).
Pamphila borbonica, Trim. (part) Rhop. Afr. Austr. vol. ii. p. 303 (1866) ; Mabille, Grandid. Madgr. vol. xviii. p. 360, pl. lv. figs. 6, 6 « (1887); Trim. 8. Afr. Butt. vol. iii. p. 8322 (1889),
Hab. South Africa, Tropical Africa, both Hast and West, and the adjacent islands.
This species is very common at Gaboon and at Cameroons,
213. P. eumEetta, Mab.
Pamphila gemella, Mab. C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. vol. xxviii. p- clxxxvii (188+).
Hesperia ellipsis, Saalm. Lepidopt. von Madagascar, p. 109 (1884).
Pamphila gemella, Mab. Grandid. Madagascar, vol. xviii. p. 359,
Gegenes gemella, Mab. 1. c. pl. lv. figs. 7, 7a (1887).
Hab. Madagascar ; Seychelles (Addott).
1896.] BUTTBRFLIES OF THE FAMILY HESPERIID”. 63
, 214. P. routimnt, Boisd.
Hesperia poutiert, Boisd. Faune Ent. Madgr. p. 65 (1833). Pamphala poutier?, Mab. Grandid. Madagascar, vol. xviii. p. 363. Gegenes poutieri, Mab. |.c. pl. lv. figs. 8, 8 a, 9, 9 a (1887). Hab. Madagascar ; Seychelles (Abbott).
215. P. purucra, Trim.
Paumphila detecta, Trim. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. vol. xli. p. 141, pl. viii. fig. 12 (1893).
Pamphila fallatus, Mab. MS.
Hab. Natal (Trimen) ; Cameroons.
I have several specimens of this species which were taken at Batanga, Cameroons, by the late Dr. A. C. Good. The insect laballed Pamphila fallatus in the Staudinger collection by Mons. Mabille, of which I can find no. published description, is the same.
216. P. sUBOOHRAOBA, sp. nov. (Plate LV. fig. 11.)
3. Head, thorax, and abdomen fuscous, clothed with greenish hairs. Underside of palpi, thorax, and abdomen pale greenish ochraceous. The primaries and secondaries on the upperside are dark brown, with a slightly purplish lustre toward the outer margin. The cosia and the inner margin near the base of both wings are clothed with greenish hairs. There is a minute elongated translucent white spot in the cell on its upper margin toward its extremity. There are two minute subapical spots beyond the end of the cell. There are three discal spots on intervals 2, 3, and 4 below and beyond the cell, the spot on interval 4 being minute, the spots on intervals 3 and 2 being subhastate, the latter the largest. All these spots are translucent. On the secondaries beyond the end of the cell are three small subhastate semi- transparent discal spots, pale in colour. On the lower side the primaries are dark brown on the cell and beyond it on the disc on intervals 2, 3, and 4. The inner margin is fuscous grey. The costa and the apical area are tawny ochraceous. The secondaries are uniformly tawny ochraceous, marked with a dark spot at the end of the cell and a discal series of dark spots accentuating the outer extremity of the three limbal spots beyond the end of the cell. The cilia are pale ochraceous both on the upper and under side. All the spots of the upper surface reappear on the lower side in both wings, but less distinctly defined than on the upper surface. Expanse 31 mm. ~
Hab. Valley of the Ogové.
217. P. MIOANS, sp. nov. (Plate III. fig. 19.)
d. Head, thorax, and abdomen bright Mars-brown. Underside of abdomen pale ochraceous. The primaries aud the secondaries are bright Mars-brown, with the costal margin of the secondaries dark brown. There are two minute subapical spots in the usual
64 DR. W. J. HOLLAND ON ‘THE AFRIOAN (Jan. 14,
position, and below and beyond the cell two discal spots, subquadrate in form, on either side of vein 3 near its origin. The lower of these _spots is the larger. They are both translucent and waxy yellow in colour. There are two small obscure semi-transparent spots of like colour on the secondaries on either side of vein 3 a little beyond its origin. The margin is slightly darker brown than the body of the wing, and the fringes are paler. On the underside the wings are uniformly pale reddish ochraceous, except the inner margin of the primaries, which is darker, inclining to plumbeous. The spots of the upper surface reappear on the lower side, but far less distinctly defined. Expanse 30 mm.
Hub. Valley of the Ogové.
This very distinct species is represented in my collection by a single specimen.
218. P.(?) ursuLA, sp. nov. (Plate IT. fig. 4.)
3. This insect is obscurely brown all over, without any spots or markings whatever.
Q. The female is coloured like the male, but has three elongated subapical spots in the usual position, and two obscure translucent spots on either side of vein 3 of the primaries a little before its origin. The spots are subquadrate.
Expanse, ¢ 26 mm., 2 30 mm.
Hab. Hast Africa.
The types of the males are found in my collection and in the collection of Dr. Staudinger. The only female I have ever seen is contained in the collection of Dr. Staudinger. I refer this insect with some measure of doubt to the genus Parnara, with which it in the main agrees in neuration as far as I have been able to ascertain. The insect, however, is not so robust as the other species referred to this genus. The primaries are more rounded ‘on the outer margin and the secondaries somewhat more excavated before the anal angle, in the case of the female. I cannot, however, with the material before me, venture to separate this species from the genus Parnara.
SmMALBA, gen. nov.
Antenn and palpi as in the genus Baoris. Primaries: cell about half the length of the wing; vein 5 much nearer 4 than 6; vein 12 terminating on the costa before the end of the cell; vein 7 slightly before the end of the cell; vein 2 one-third of the distance from the base; vein 3 a little before the end of the cell. Secondaries: cell short; vein 5 wanting; discocellulars faint, erect ; vein 7 originating well before the end of the cell; vein 3 a little before theend of the cell; vein 2 originating beyond the middle of the cell; the outer margin evenly rounded ; the -costa slightly produced before the base. The two species referred to this genus are characterized by peculiar sexual markings. In the case of the male of S. pulvina, Ploetz, the type of the genus, there
1896.] BUTTERFLIBS OF THE FAMILY HESPHRILDA. 65
is a broad patch of long silky hairs upon the upper surface of the secondaries at the end of the cell, almost entirely covering the cell. and the origin of the median nervules. In addition, on the under- side of the primaries there is a broad patch of moditied scales, and the inner margin has a fringe of long hairs, which, ordinarily,
Neuration of Semalea pulvina, Ploetz. }. a. Underside of primary ; 5. Upperside of secondary.
are folded back upon the under surface of the primaries. In S. now, Mab., the patch of scales on the upper surface of the secondaries is wauting, but upon the primaries on the upper surface there is a broad oval sexual band at the origin of vein 2 below the cell.
Type S pulvina, Ploetz.
I have brought these two species together, because of the absolute identity of their neuration and the structure of their palpi and antenna, and in spite of the wide divergence in the sexual stigmata. At first glance, without a microscopic examination, the two insects look wonderfully alike. There is, however, a remark- able divergence in the sexual stigmata as indicated above. I am, however, more and more inclined to the belief that sexual stigmata cannot be always accepted as the basis of generic subdivisions, in which opinion [ know I differ from some authors.
219. S. punvuna, Ploetz, (Plate II. fig. 14.) ’ Hesperia pulvina, Ploetz, S. E. Z. vol. xl. p. 353 (1879). Trichosemeia pulvina, Wats. P. Z. 8. 1893, p. 53. Cobalus carbo, Mab. Bull. Soc. Ent. France, (6) vol. ix. p. clxix (1889). Hab. Aburi (Ploetz) ; Gaboon (Good) ; Sierra Leone (Mabille). “I do not agree with Lieut. Watson in placing this species in my genus Zrichosemeia. Tho broad patch of velvety scales upon the upper surface of the secondaries is the principal point of resem- blance between this species and the type of the genus. In the form of the wings and the antenn»w and the structure of the legs it differs. The female is without the velvety area on the second- Proc. Zoou, Soo.—1896, No. V. 5
66 DR, W, J. HOLLAND ON THE AFRIOAN [Jan. 14,
aries, and, I strongly suspect, is the insect described by M. Mabille as Cobalus atrio (cf. genus Cobalus). A figure of C. atrio, lent me by the author, heightens the probability of this supposition, but without the type before me I will not attempt to express a positive opinion. The insect in the Staudinger collection labelled Cobalus carbo in the handwriting of Mons. Mabille is a normal specimen of S. pulvina, Ploetz, 3.
220. S. nox, Mab. (Plate IV. fig. 20.)
Pamphila nox, Mab. C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1891, p. clxviii.
Hab. Lagos (Mabille) ; Gaboon (Good).
This species is apparently very abundant in the valley of the Ogové. I have a large series of specimens.
Baorts, Moore.
221. B. raruniivus, Hopf.
Pamphila fatuellus, Hopff. Monatsber. k. Akad. Wissensch. Berl. 1855, p. 643; Hopff. Peters’ Reise n. Mossamb., Ins. p. 417, pl. xxvii. figs. 3, 4 (1862).'
Pamphila borbonica, Trim. (part.) Rhop. Afr. Austr. yol. ii. pp. 303, 304 (1866).
Hesperia caffraria, Ploetz, 8. E. Z. vol. xliv. p. 43 (1883).
Pamphila fatuellus, Trim. 8. Afr. Butt. vol. iii. p. 323 (1889).
Pamphala cinerea, Mab. MS.
Hab. Natal, Zanzibar, Gaboon, Cameroons.
This species is very common at Gaboon, and, I think, has generally been confounded with P. borbonica, from which, however, it may well be separated, as pointed out by Mr. Trimen. A worn female in the Staudinger collection has been labelled Pamphila cinerea by Mons. Mabille.
222, B. MaroHauit, Boisd.
Hesperia marchalii, Boisd. Faune Ent. de Madgr. p. 66 (1833).
Pamphila marchalii, Mab., Grandid. Madagascar, vol. xviii. p. 362, pl. lv. figs. 83, 3@ (1887).
Hab. Madagascar. ”
Both from the figure and the description I am inclined to think that this species is very near to, if not identical with, P. fatuellus, Hopff., in which case Boisduval’s name has priority.
223. B. Luanns, Hopff.
Pamphila lugens, Hopff. Monatsber. k. Akad. Wissensch. Berl. 1855, p. 643; Peters’ Reise n. Mossamb., Ins. p. 418, pl. xxvii. figs. 5, 6 (1862); Trim. 8. Afr. Butt, vol. iii. p. 318 (1889).
Halpe tugens, Butl. P. Z. 8. 1893, p. 673.
Hab. Delagoa Bay, East Tropical Africa.
The genus Halpe is not represented in Africa, and Dr. Butler’s reference of this species to that genys is in error.
1896.] BUTTERFLINS OF THN FAMILY HESPHRIIDA, 67
224. B. 111As, Ploetz. (Plate V. fig. 17.)
Hesperia ilias, Ploetz, 8. E. Z. vol. xl. p. 355 (1879).
Hab. Guinea (Ploetz) ; Gaboon.
What I take to be the Hesperia clias of Ploetz—forming my conclusion from the description of the species given by the author and from a copy of his unpublished drawing of the same—is the insect figured on the Plate, It comes nearer meeting the require- ments alike of description and of figure than any other West- African species known to me in nature.
225. B. xytos, Mab. (Plate II. fig. 13.)
Pamphila xylos, Mab. Ann. Soc. Ent. France, (6) vol. x. p. 31, pl. iii. fig. 8 (1890). ' Hab. Gaboon, Cameroons, Sierra Leone.
Mons. Mabille (7. c.) states that he has sufficiently characterized this species in the ‘ Bulletin’ of the preceding year, and contents himself therefore with a figure. By reference to the ‘ Bulletin ’ for 1889, I discover that his memory was at fault. He did not describe P. aylos in the ‘ Bulletin’ of the year before. Our only knowledge of the species, therefore, must be derived from the figure given in the plate, which, fortunately, is quite recognizable. It represents a damaged male of a species which is quite common on the tropical western coast of Africa. I have a long series of specimens in which, singularly enough, the females are more numerous than the males. The figure given by Mons. Mabille is . that of a male minus the abdomen. The female which is repre- sented in the plate does not differ materially in the location and style of the marking from the male, but is generally much larger. I discovered that Mons. Mabille had mingled with this species, in his collection and that of Dr. Staudinger, specimens of the following species, which is abundantly distinct, though presenting a superficial likeness.
226. B. ALBERTI, sp.nov. (Plate II. fig. 21.)
3. Body and appendages black. Abdomen produced beyond the anal angle of the secondaries. The wings on the upperside are black, with whitish fringes, those of the primaries checkered with black at the ends of the nervules. There are no spots on the secondaries. The primaries are ornamented with three small subapical spots in the usual position, by two large and conspicuous subquadrate spots, one on either side of vein 3 at its origin, the » upper one being the smaller of the two. In many specimens there is also a small and faint spot on cell 1, just below the large subquadrate spot on cell 2. On the underside, the wings are marked precisely as on the upperside, save that the inner margin of the primaries is pale, and in some specimens there are traces cf an obsolete series of pale submarginal markings on the secondaries.
Q@. The female is marked like the male, save that on Bie under-
6
68 _ DR. W. J, HOLLAND ON THE AFRICAN (Jan. 14,
side there is a well-defined row of pale submarginal markings on the primaries, and a less well-defined series of similar markings on the secondaries. The wings in this sex are broader, more rounded, and less produced at the apex of the primaries than in the male, and the abdomen is stouter and shorter than in that sex, not reaching beyond the anal angle of the secondaries.
Expanse, ¢ 26-29 mm., 9 32-34 mm.
Hab. Valley of the Ogové, Cameroons, Sierra Leone.
I name this species in honour of my little friend Albert Good, the only child of Dr. A. C. Good, one of the heroes of the Dark Continent, whose death last November, a few days after his return from a long and trying journey into the interior of the Cameroons, has filled the hearts of a host of friends and admirers with pro- found sorrow. “Bertie,” though not yet in his teens, is repre- sented in my collections by numerous specimens taken by his own hands, and is no doubt the youngest entomologist who has thus far collected amidst the jungles of ‘“ Gorilla-land.”
227. B. arwia, Mab. (Plate II. fig. 20.) Hypoleucis arela, Mab. C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1891, p. Ixix.
Hab. Gaboon, Ogové Valley.
This species, for the identification of which in my collection I am indebted to Mons. Mabille, is quite common about Gaboon. Mons. Mabille had affixed the name atimus to several specimens of this species in his collection at the time I visited him. They were undoubtedly arela.
228, B. arayRropes, Holl.
Parnara argyrodes, Holl. Ent. News, vol. v. p. 93, pl. iti. fig. 11 (1894).
Hab. Valley of the Ogové.
229. B. masma, Holl.
Parnara mabea, Holl. Ent. News, vol. v. p. 92, pl. iii. fig. 12 (1894).
Hab. Valley of the Ogové.
230. B. nnucorH®A, Holl.
Parnara leucophea, Holl. Ent. News, vol. v. p. 93, pl. iii. fig. 14 (1894).
Hab, Valley of the Ogové.
231. B. unistrica, Holl.
Parnara unistriga, Holl. Ent. News, vol. v. p. 30, pl. i. figs, 18, 14 (1894).
Hab. Valley of the Ogové.
1896. ] BUTTERFLIES OF THE FAMILY HESPERIIDA. ‘69
232. B. Metpuis, Holl. Parnara melphis, Holl. Ent. News, 1894, p. 31, pl. i. fig. 18. Hab. Valley of the Ogove.
233. B. MatTuina, Hew.
Hesperia malthina, Hew. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) vol. xviii. p- 457 (1876).
Pamphila euryspila, Mab. C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. vol. xxxv. p- elxxix (1891).
Proteides euryspila, Mab. Novit. Lepidopt. p. 117, pl. xvi. fig. 5 (1893).
- Hab. Sierra Leone (Mabille) ; Gaboon (Good).
The only specimen of the female which I have ever seen is contained in my collection, and was taken at Batanga, Cameroons. It does not differ materially from the male, save that there is an additional translucent spot upon the fore wing in cell 1, and the large white spot on the underside of the secondaries is much larger than in the male, extending farther outwardly and inwardly.
234, B. statima, Mab.
Pamphila statira, Mab. C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. vol. xxxv. p. clxxx (1891); Novit. Lepidopt. p. 114, pl. xvi. fig. 2 (1893).
3. The type of this species was a female contained in the collection of Dr. Staudinger. The collection also contains a male, which differs from the female on the upperside in lacking the spot in the cell of the primaries, and in having, in the example before me, the uppermost of the three subapical spots obsolete. In the secondaries, the spots at the end of the cell which are con- spicuous in the female on the underside and faintly appear on the upperside are also lacking, and the discal spots are somewhat smaller than in the female.
Hab. French Congo (Mocquerys).
235. B. STATIRIDES, sp. noy. (Plate V. fig. 6.)
Q. Palpi on the upperside, head, thorax, and abdomen on the upperside black, clothed with fuscous scales. Palpi on the under- side whitish; thorax and anal extremity of the abdomen pale fuscous. Primaries black on the upperside, with two widely separated minute elongated spots near the end of the cell, two subapical spots in the usual position, and a discal series of four spots, the lowermost of the series on interval 1 cuneiform, the next on interval 2 subquadrate, and the largest of the series, and the two succeeding ones on intervals 3 and 4, subquadrate, the last smaller than the one preceding it. The secondaries beyond the cell are adorned with a broad irregularly curved white macular
band, running from before the end of the cell inwardly and widening to vein 1b. The primaries on the underside are black, with the spots as on the upperside. The secondaries are creamy white, with the outer margin broadly black. There is a con-
70 DR. W. J. HOLLAND ON THE AFRIOAN (Jan. 14,
spicuous patch of black raised scales situated on interval 1 below the cell, and extending outwardly on either side of vein 2 at its origin. Expanse 34 mm.
Type in collection of Dr. Staudinger.
Hab. Valley of the Ogové (Mocquerys).
236, B. nurorua, Hew.
Hesperia netopha, Hew. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) vol. i. p. 345 (1878).
eens roncilgonis, Ploetz, 8. B. Z. vol. xliii. p. 450 (1882).
Pamphila roncilgonis, Trim. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. vol. xli. p. 139, pl. viii. fig. 11 (1893).
Pamphila cojo, Karsch, Berl. Ent. Zeit. vol. xxxviii. p. 250, pl. vi. fig. 7 (1898).
Var. nyass#, Hew. (Plate I. fig. 8.)
Hesperia nyasse, Hew. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) vol. i. p. 345 (1878).
Hab. Natal, Mashonaland, Angola, Gaboon, Cameroons, Togoland.
This is one of the most singularly coloured species of the group. T have a good series of specimens from Gaboon and Cameroons, which agree very well with specimens received from Mr. Trimen, who obtained them from Mr. I’. C. Selous, who took them in Manica. The type of Hesperia nyasse, Hew., I think is a female. It is larger and paler on the underside than any specimens I have seen from other localities. I cannot, however, bring myself to believe that it is anything more than a variety of B. netopha. It is worthy of note that there is much variation in the ground-colour of the underside of the wings in this species. No two specimens in a series of ten or twelve are exactly of the same shade, and the ground-colour runs from a pale yellowish ochraceous to a pale reddish brown, tinged with pink. The three small subapical spots which appear in a majority of specimens are wanting in others. They are variable.
237. B. Monast, Trim.
Pamphila monasi, Trim. 8. Afr. Butt. vol. iti. p. 317. Hab. Natal.
238. B. raraon, Mab.
Pamphila tarace, Mab. C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. vol. xxxv. p. elxxix (1891); Novit. Lepidopt. p. 114, pl. xvi. fig. 1 (1893).
Hab. Sierra Leone.
939. B. supnotata, Holl.
Parnara (?) subnotata, Holl. Ent. News, vol. v. p. 94, pl. iii. fig. 13 (1894).
Pamphila rufipuncta, Mab, MS. in Dr. Staudinger’s collection,
Hab, Valley of the Ogové,
1896.] BUTTHRFLIES OF THH FAMILY HESPHRIIDA. 71
240. B. nivptcornis, Ploetz.
. Hesperia niveicornis, Ploetz, 8. E. Z. vol. xliv. p. 3 (1883).
Hab, Angola.
I only know this species from the figure of Ploetz. It is very remarkably ornamented upon the underside of the wings, and the description given is sufficient to enable its identification.
241. B.(?) nnopa, Mab.
Pamphila neoba, Mab. C. BR. Soc. Ent. Belg. vol. xxxv. p. clxxxviii (1891).
Hab. Cameroons (Mabille).
I only know this species from the description and the drawing of the type furnished me by Mons. Mabille. It is impossible from either to be sure of the species or its generic location.
242, B.(?) zppHoRA, Ploetz. Apaustus zephora, Ploetz, S. E. Z. vol. xlv. p. 156 (1884). Hab. Angola (Ploetz).
Ido not know this species save by the description. It does not seem to apply to any of the species known to me in nature.
243. B.(?) BaunRi, Ploetz. Hesperia bauri, Ploetz, 8. EH. Z. vol. xlvii. p. 98 (1886).
Hab. Aburi. : I do not know this species, and locate it here provisionally.
244, B. (?) mur@a, Mab.
Pamphila murga, Mab. Ann. Soc. Ent. France, (6) vol. x. p. 31 (1890). ,
Hab. Caffraria (Mabille).
Mons. Mabille compares this species with P. natalensis, Ploetz. I cannot discover that Ploetz ever published a species under the name of natalensis. From the description, the insect seems to be possibly a Baoris, but it may be a Pardaleodes. I locate it here provisionally, as I am unable to learn anything about it from the author of the species.
245. B. (?) Honrzi, Ploetz.
Hesperia holtzti, Ploetz, 8S. E. Z. vol. xliv. p. 48-4 (1883).
Hab. Angola (Ploetz). a) ake
I can make nothing out of either the description or the figure of Ploetz. The insect represented seems both to myself and to Mons. Mabille to be @ possible variety of C. mathias-mohopaani. I am, however, very strongly inclined to the opinion that it is the same insect recently described by Mr. Trimen under the name Pamphila monasi (q. v.).
72 DR. W. J. HOLLAND ON THE AFRICAN [Jan. 14,
246. B.(?) avEusi1, Trim. aay
Pamphila ayresii, Trim. 8. Afr. Butt. vol. iii. p. 321, pl. xii. fig. 1 (1889).
Hab, South Africa ; South Tropical Africa.
PLATYLESOHES, gen. nov.
Allied to Parnara, Moore. The thorax and head are very broad, and the general appearance of the body is more robust than in Parnara, The antennae are more than half as long as the costa of the primaries, slender, terminating in a stout club, with a strongly recurved hook at its end. The palpi are broad, flattened horizontally, appressed, heavily clothed with long scales upon the first and second joints, and with the third joint (which is minute, acute, and situated on the outer edge of the horizontally widened second joint) naked. The wings are relatively somewhat narrower than in the genus Parnara, with the outer margin of the primaries nearly straight, or, as in P. picanini, Holl., slightly excavated above the outer angle. The secondaries are more or less lobed at the anal angle in the male. The neuration of the wings does not materially differ from that in Parnara, so far as I have been able to determine with the limited material at my disposal.
Type P. picanini, Holland.
247. P. prcantnt, Holl.
Parnara(?) picanini, Holl. Ent. News, vol. v. p. 91, pl. iii. fig. 9 (1894).
Pamphila grandiplaga, Mab. MS. in Staudinger collection.
Hab. Valley of the Ogové.
248, P. morrrin1, Waller.
Hesperia moritili, Wallgr. K. Sy. Vet.-Akad. Hand]. 1857; Lep. Rhop. Caffr. p. 49 (1857).
Pamphila (?) moritili, Trim, Rhop. Afr. Austr. vol. ii. p. 305 (1866).
Hesperia neba, Hew. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) vol. xix. p.84 (1877).
Pamphila moritili, Trim. 8. Afr. Butt. vol. iii. p. 319, pl. xii. fig. 4 (1889).
Hab. South Africa; South Tropical Africa.
249, P. aatmsa, Hew. (Plate I. fig. 7.)
Pamphila galesa, Hew. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) vol. xix. p. 79 (1877).
Hab. West Africa.
T only know this species from the type, which is preserved in the British Museum. It is a very robust insect, and very closely allied to H. nigerrima, But),
1896.] BUTTHRFLIDS OF THE FAMILY HESPHRIIDA. 73
250. P. nieerrima, Butl. (Plate II. fig. 12.)
Halpe nigerrima, Butl. P. Z. 8. 1893, p. 672.
Hab. British Central Africa.
This species is exceedingly close to P. galesa, Hew. The only difference I can detect is in the form of the macular band on the upperside of the secondaries, which is more irregularly curved in galesa and has a slightly different direction, and in the presence in nigerrima of a narrow white costal streak on the underside of the primaries at the base. This last feature seems to be lacking in galesa.
251. P. oHAM#LEON, Mab.
Pamphila chameleon, Mab. C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. vol. xxxv. p- clxxix (1891); Novit. Lepidopt. p. 115, pl. xvi. fig. 3 (1893).
Hab. Sierra Leone.
Mons. Mabille compares this species with his P. grandiplaga, which in his letter he identifies as my P. picanint. Grandiplaga is apparently » MS. name. My learned friend is in the habit of affixing names to specimens coming into his possession, and has given them currency now and then in his papers and through collections which he has labelled, without having published a description of the species. This has led to a great deal of be- wilderment on my part in several cases and an inordinate con- sumption of valuable time in quest of the place in literature where the supposed description, which ought to have been published, might be found. Unpublished names of species should not be referred to, except it be with a distinct statement that they are such,
252, P. amApuv, Mab. (Plate V. fig. 11.)
Pamphila amadhu, Mab. C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. vol. xxxv. p- elxxviii (1891),
Pamphila heterophyla, Mab. 1. c.
Baoris? amadhu, Butl. P. Z. 8. 1893, p. 672.
Hab, Transvaal, Natal (Mabille); British Central Africa (Butler).
I have before me the types of P. amadhu and P. heterophyla, belonging to Dr. Staudinger, and am satisfied of the identity of the two forms. The type of P. heterophyla is simply a dwarfed and somewhat worn example of P. amadhu. The insect is closely allied to P. morztili.
958. P. paTanes, Holl.
Parnara batange, Holl. Ent. News, vol. v. p. 92, pl. iii. fig. 10 (1894). Hab. Valley of the Ogové.
254, P. NIGRIOANS, sp. nov. (Plate II. fig. 15.) ¢- Antenne black, marked with white before the extremity on
74 DR. W. J, HOLLAND ON THE AFRIOAN {Jan. 14,
the upperside. The uppersides of the head, thorax,and abdomen are black, with the anal extremity of the abdomen white tipped with a tuft of black hairs. The palpi and the pectus on the lower side are white. The lower side of the thorax is grey. The lower side of the abdomen is black annulated with white. The primaries on the upperside are black. The cilia on the primaries are black marked with white at their extremities near the outer angle. The cilia of the secondaries are white, very conspicuously so near the anal angle. The primaries are marked with two subapical spots in the usual position, two elongated minute spots on the cell near its end, one on its upper margin and one on its lower, and by a transverse discal series of four spots, of which the one on interval 1 is minute and subtriangular, situated on vein 1, the spot on interval 2 is subquadrate, excavated externally, and separated from the other spot in the cell by the median nerve. Beyond this spot on intervals 3 and 4 are two smaller spots. The secondaries are crossed, about the middle by an irregularly-curved series of five or six white semi-translucent spots. On the underside, the primaries are black, darkest at the base. There is a fine white costal ray near the base. The spots of the upperside reappear, but less distinct than on the upperside, and above and beyond the spot on interval 1 is a white curved ray uniting on its curved upper margin the twolower spots of the discal series. Thesecondaries are black, most conspicuously so in the region of the anal angle. The inner margin and the outer margin from the outer angle to the extremity of vem 2 are sprinkled with grey scales, and the nerves are likewise clothed with grey scales, causing them to be picked out distinctly upon the dark background. The white discal series of spots reappears on the underside, the terminal spot of the series located on vein 16 being the most conspicuous, whereas on the upperside it is least conspicuous and appearing as a large triangular white patch.
@. The female is like the male, but with broader and more rounded wings.
Expanse, ¢ 28mm., 9 30 mm.
Types in coll. Staudinger.
Hab, Freetown (Preiss) ; Gaboon (Mocquerys).
The male is labelled in the Staudinger collection P. leucopyga, Ploetz, but this determination is wholly in error. Leucopyga of Ploetz is an Acleros and a wholly ditferent insect. This species is closely related to P. moritili and its allies.
Karruvs, Wats.
255. K. sounstoni1, But]. (Plate II. fig. 18.)
Astictopterus johnstonii, Butl. P. Z. 8. 1887, p. 573. Katreus johnstonii, Watson, P. Z.8. 1893, a 115; Holl. Ent, News, Jan. 1894, pl. i. fig. 8.
Hab, Cameroons, Gaboon,
1896. ] BUITBRFLIES OF THH FAMILY HESPHRIIDZ. 15
PaRpatEopss, Butl. 256. P. pprpus, Cram.
Ke . Papilio edipus, Cram. Pap. Exot. iv. pl. ceclxvi. figs. H, F (1782).
Pardaleodes edipus, Butl. Ent. Mo. Mag. vol. vii. p. 96 (1870); Irby, Syn. Cat. p. 625 (1871).
Plastingia edipus, Ploetz, S. E. Z. vol. xl. p. 358 (1879), vol. xlv. p. 148 (1884).
Pardaleodes edipus, Watson, P. Z. 8. 1893, p. 117.
Q. Cyclopides sator, Doubl. & Hew. Gen. Diurn. Lep. pl. Ixxix. fig. 4.
Pamphila? sator, Westw. 1. c. p. 523 (1852).
Pardaleodes sator, Kirby, Syn. Cat. p. 625 (1871).
Plastingia sator, Ploetz, S. E. Z. vol. xl. p. 358, & vol. xlv.
. 148. ; Pardaleodes sator, Watson, P. Z. §. 1893, p. 117.
Hab. Tropical West Africa.
After a very close study of the matter in the light of long
series of specimens, consisting of several hundreds of examples, I am satisfied that this is the correct synonymy of this species, which is very closely allied to the next, and with which it has been no doubt, so far as the female of that is concerned, frequently confounded. ‘The crucial test for discriminating between the two species is the fact that in P. incerta, Snell., the anterior wings in both, sexes show no translucency in the spots above vein 2, whereas in P. edipus the spots between veins 2 and 3and 3 and 4, the spots at the end of the cell, and the three small subapical spots are invariably translucent. By holding the specimens up to the light, it is always possible to decide to which of the two species they belong. ’ Tam at a loss to account for the fact that several authors report the male and the female of both P. edipus and P. sator to have been contained in collections examined by them. ‘This is done by Ploetz in his paper upon the Lepidoptera collected by Buchholz. So far as my observations extend, every specimen of P. sator, correctly determined to be such by comparison with the very good figure given by Doubleday and Hewitson in their work, has been a female. I have seen hundreds of specimens, and many pairs taken in coitw, and am sure of this determination.
257. P. rnopRTA, Snellen.
3. Pamphila incerta, Snellen, Tijd. voor Entom. 1872, p. 29, pl. 10. figs. 10, 11, 12.
9. Hesperia coanza, Ploetz, 8. BE. Z. vol. xliv. p. 232 (1888).
Pardaleodes coanza, Watson, P. Z.8. 1893, p. 117.
Hab. Tropical West Africa.
The female of this species resembles the male of the preceding,
P. edipus, but the point of discrimination enables an easy decision
-to be made.in all cases, as I have already shown.
76 DR. W. J. HOLLAND ON THE AFRICAN (Jan. 14,
258. P. neritus, Hopff.
Pamphila herilus, Hopft. Monatsber. d. k. Akad. d. Wissensch. Berl. 1855, p. 643; Peters’ Reise n. Mossamb., Ins. p. 419, pl. xxvii. figs. 7, 8 (1862).
Hab. Querimba, East Africa (Hopffer).
Hopffer states that the types of this species were males. From the figure, I should say that they were females. The figure repre- sents apparently a dwarfed female of P. edipus, and closely resembles such which I have from Gabvon.
259. P. REIOHENOWI, Ploetz. (Plate LI. fig. 18.)
9. Plastingia reichenow?, Ploetz, S. E. Z. vol. xl. p. 357 (1879), vol. xlv. p. 147 (1884).
3. Pardaleodes festus, Mab. Ann. Soc. Ent. France, (6) vol. x. p. 33, pl. iii. fig. 2 (1889).
Hab. Tropical West Africa.
There is not a particle of doubt of the correctness of the above synonymy. Ihave specimens taken in coitu of the male and female of this species. The males have been repeatedly determined for me as P. festus by Mons. Mabille, and agree perfectly with the figure he gives. The females agree with Ploetz’s type of P. reiche- nowt, which is preserved at the Berlin Museum, and