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TRANSACTIONS AND PROCEEDINGS
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Page.
Howenin, W.: The Occurrence of the Genus Cryptozoén in the (?) Cambrian of Australia. Plates i. to v.
Frreuson, E. W.: Notes on the Amycterides in the South ean Museum, with ppp of New Ree art 1
CHeEwines, Dr. C.: Tae on the cele oe of Coir Australia. (Communicated by Walter Howchin.)
Bererotu, Dr. E.: On an Hemipterous Insect from an ae tralian Opossum’s Nest. (Communicated by A. M. Lea.)
Dopp, A. P.: Australian Hymenoptera Pr Searles. No. 2. (Communicated by A.M: Lea.).”.:.
Lea, A. M.: Notes on Australian Cetonides; with a List of Species and enna of New Reales Plates vi. to xlli.
Carter, H. oe Noics on ee ticle in ike shail hues tralian Museum, collected by A. M. Lea, with Descriptions of New Species ...
Rogers, Dr. R. S.: Additions to the Dre Aduecous are of South Australia. Plates xiv. and xv. se
TuRNER, Dr. A. J.: On some Moths from Melville oe Bathurst Islands in the South Australian Museum
Lea, A. M.: Notes on some Miscellaneous Coleoue with Descr iptions of New Species. Plate xvi.
Asuton, H.: Catalogue of the Cicadide in the South ie tralian Museum, with Descriptions of New Species. Plate xvii. (Communicated by A. M. Lea.)
Rocers, Dr. R. S.: Additions to Australian Orchidaceous Plants. Plate xvili. ei be aon Lan Torr, C. M.: Radule of some South ees Gatien opoda. Plates xix and xx. (Communicated by Dr. J. C. Verco.)
Carter, H. J.: Notes on Australian Tenebrionide, with Descriptions of New Species ... ae
Wuitz, 8. A., and Others: Scientific Notes on an ceeenase into the Interior of Australia, carried out by Captain Sa, White. . Plates xxi. to xxxix. and Map:==
(a) Narrative, by S. A. WHITE ... 4 oN
(b) Mammalia, by KE. R. Warte...
(c) Aves, by S. A. WuHttE on
(d) Eomach Contents of Birds, by A. M. Lea
(e) Lacertilia, by F. R. Zrerz ...
(f) Ophidia, Amphibia, and Pisces, ie E. R. iene (g) Mollusca, by E. H. Matruews oa Ne (h) Crustacea, by W. H. BaKxer
(1) Arachnida, by R. H. PuLLerne
418
439 440 445 446 446 447
CONTENTS (ContrnueEp).
(7) Insecta :—
Coleoptera, by A. M. Lea Lepidoptera : —
hopalocera, by G. A. WATERHOUSE Heterocera, by Dr. A.. J. TURNER ...
Hymenoptera, by W. W. Froeeatr (k) Botany, by J. M. Brack
(lt) Analyses of Samples of Water fem Rares sd Springs, Great Australian Artesian Basin, by
W. S. CHAPMAN ;
L. K. Warp ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS ANNUAL REPORT BALANCE-SHEETS Donations to LispRARY List or FELLowsS, ETc. APPENDICES—
Wield Naturalists’ Section: Annual Report, ete.
. 448
with Notes on the same, by
488,
Twenty-sixth Annual Report of the Native Fauna and Flora Protection Committee of the Field Naturalists’ Section of the Royal Society aoe Ae
Malacological Section : INDEX
Annual Report, ae
455 455
459 460
472 475 485 489 490 507
510
516 519 520
THE Transactions
OF
The Royal Society of South Australia.
Vol. XXXVIII.
THE OCCURRENCE OF THE GENUS CRYPTOZOON IN THE (2) CAMBRIAN OF AUSTRALIA.
By Watter Howcuin, F.G.S., Lecturer in Geology and Paleontology, University of Adelaide.
[Read April 2, 1914. ] Piates I. to V.
A few months ago Mr. Charles Chewings, Ph.D., for- warded to me from Central Australia a few specimens of a fossiliferous limestone which he thought might be of interest. The organic remains in the limestone being, for the most part, less soluble than the matrix, had weathered into strong relief and thereby exposed both the outline and structure of the fossils in a way very favourable for observation. The very striking resemblance which these forms bore to the obscure fossil, long known to American geologists from the lower Paleozoic rocks as Cryptozoén, was at once apparent.
Photographs were taken of several of the specimens and forwarded to Dr. Charles Walcott, the Secretary of the Smith- sonian Institution (who has an intimate knowledge of Cam- brian paleontology), for his opinion. Dr. Walcott confirmed the determination that the objects belonged to the genus re- ferred to, and passed the photographs on to Mr. Bassler, the Curator of Palzontology in the United States National Museum. Mr. Bassler, in a communication which he kindly favoured me with on the subject, says: “Your photographs represent undoubtedly a new species distinguished from all the other known forms by the fact that the ‘heads’ are separate and column-like instead of confluent as in most of the other
2
species. New species similar to this one are known in the lowest Ordovician (Beekmantown) formations of the United States, and it is barely possible that, on account of the similarity, your specimens are from the same horizon.”’
The genus (Cryptozoén) was established by Professor James Hall, in 1884.0) MHall’s description has been quoted, an extenso, by Dr. Walcott.) As the literature on the sub- jects is limited and not very accessible, it may be found useful to reproduce Hall’s description here : —
“In the town of Greenfield, Saratoga County, there occurs a bed of limestone which presents a very remarkable appear- ance, the surface being nearly covered by closely arranged circular or sub-circular discs which are made up of concentric laminz, closely resembling in general aspect the structure of Stromatopora. It very often happens that within these larger discs there occur two or more smaller ones, each with its own concentric structure and exterior limitation, and appearing as if budding from the parent mass. A farther examination shows that the entire form of these masses is hemispheric or turbinate, with the broadest face exposed upon the upper surface of the limestone layer; that their growth has begun from a point below, and, rapidly expanding upwards, has often extended one or two feet in diameter, as now shown upon the exposed surface of the limestone bed. At a single exposure on the farm of Mr. Hoyt, the surface of the limestone is covered by these bodies for many rods in extent. The entire area of the cellar beneath the house of Mr. Hoyt is upon this bed of limestone closely covered by these hemispheric masses with concentric structure. For a distance of one or two miles to the southward the outcrop of the limestone can be traced, and everywhere presenting the same characters in the presence of these masses. Large numbers of specimens of various sizes have been weathered out and lie scattered over the surface. This fossil has also been found at Little Falls, Herkimer County, New York.
“These bodies have long been known under the name of Stromatopora, from their general resemblance in form and structure to that fossil; but their position in reference to the bedding of the rock is uniformly the reverse of that. of Stromatopore, which occur in the higher limestones, growing from a broad base which is covered by an epitheca, while these bodies under consideration grow upward and expand
_ (@)Thirty-sixth Ann. Rept. New York State Mus. Nat. Hist., description of pl. vi. _(2)Smithsonian Miscell. Coll., vol. lvii., No. 9. Jdem, pl. xxxvil., photo. of C. proliferum, by Dr. Walcott.
3
from a point below, while the convex surface is on the lower side. A careful examination of the nature of these bodies proves that, while having the concentric structure common to Stromatopora, they have not the regular succession of layers of tubuli characteristic of the species of that genus and cannot properly be included under that term. I therefore propose the term Cryptozoén as a designation for this peculiar form and mode of growth which will be more fully elucidated in the future.”
Hall recognized but one species (Cryptozoén proliferum), which he defined in the following terms : —
“These bodies are made up of irregular, concentric laminz of greater or less density and of very unequal thick- ness. The substance between the concentric lines, in well- preserved specimens, is traversed by numerous, minute, ir- regular canaliculi which branch and anastomose without regularity. The central portion of the masses are usually filled with crystalline, granular, and oolitic material, and many specimens show the intrusion of these extraneous and inorganic substances between the concentric lamine. That these are intrusions and not inclusions, is shown from the fact that they can be traced to a vertical fissure or break leading to the exterior of the fossil, and which allowed the crystalline matter to enter.”
Sir William Dawson examined specimens from the type locality and has published () the following additional observ- ations : — |
“Thin slices, from specimens kindly presented to the Peter Redpath Museum by Professor Hall, show that the primary lamine are thin and apparently carbonaceous, as if originally of a corneous or membranous character, and they are usually finely crumpled as if by lateral pressure, while they can occasionally be seen to divide into two laminze with intervening coarsely cellular structure. The thick intermediate layers which separate these primary laminze are composed of grains of calcareous, dolomitic, and siliceous matter, in some specimens with much fine carbonaceous material. This last, under a high power in thin slices, is seen to present the appearance of a fine network or stroma in which the inorganic particles are entangled. The canals traversing these inter- mediate layers appear to be mere perforations without distinct walls, and are filled with transparent, calcareous matter, which renders them, under a proper light, sufficiently distinct
(3) Note on Cryptozoén and other Ancient Fossils. Canadian Record of Science, vol. vii., No. 4 (October, 1896), p. 205. B2
4
from the grey granular intermediate matter which they tra- verse. So far as observed, the canals are confined to the inter- mediate layers, and do not seem to penetrate the primary lamine, though these sometimes present a reticulated appear- ance, and seem to have occasional spaces in them which may have been communicating pores or orifices.”’
In the same paper from which the above descriptions have been taken, Dawson describes two additional species : —(@)
Cryptozoén boreale.—‘‘Consists of a mass of cylindrical or turbinate branches, proceeding from a centre and also budding laterally from each other. Each branch shows a series of laminz concave upward. The spaces between the thin laminz are filled with a very fine granular material in which are canals, less frequent, straighter, and more nearly parallel to the lamine than in the typical species. This species is remarkable for the slender and coral-like shape of its branches.”’ The specimens were obtained at Lake St. John, Quebec, in rocks of Trenton (Ordovician) age.
Cryptozoén occidentale.—This species was described from imperfectly preserved specimens obtained from the Grand Canyon, in Arizona, and from rocks which have been classed as “Pre-Cambrian”’ (corresponding to the Kewenian of Lake Superior, and the Etcheminian of southern New Brunswick), and therefore belonging to the lowest known fossiliferous horizon. Dr. Dawson says: “Though most of them were im- perfectly preserved, one of them exhibited the concentric laminz of Cryptozoén, and the intermediate layers composed of microscopic grains which were ascertained by Dr. Adams to be partly siliceous and partly calcareous (dolomite and calcite). Instead of the irregular curving canals of the typical Cryptozodn, where best preserved they show ragged cells, giving off on all sides numerous small tortuous and branching canals, but their structure I regard as possibly corresponding to that of Cryptozoén, and I would therefore venture to name the species C. occidentale in hope of the discovery of better specimens. ’’
Two other doubtful determinations may be mentioned on the authority of Dr. Dawson.(5) In 1885, Professor N. H. Winchill named a Stromatopora-like form C. minnesotense, from the Upper Cambrian of Minnesota; and Dr. Dawson named another form from the Calciferous (Lower Ordovician) of Lachute, Province of Quebec, but the author states: “I can- not positively affirm that this is a distinct species, but may provisionally name it, C. lachutense.”’
(4) Loc. cit., pp.’ 207 and 208, figs. 1-3. (5) Loc. cit., p. 206.
5
Archeozoin. The objects obtained by Dr. G. F. Matthew from the Pre-Cambrian limestones of St. John, New Bruns- wick, Canada, and named by him Archeozodn acadiense,® ap- pear to be the same, or very similar, organism as Hall’s Crypto- zoén, the chief difference being that while in Cryptozoén the laminz are concave to the direction of growth, in Arch@ozoén they are convex. This, however, may be of slight morpho- logical importance, and may indicate a difference of not more than specific value, if even it be that.
The zoological position of this ancient organism is 1ill- defined and cannot, at present, be satisfactorily determined. In the first instance, and for some time after their discovery, they were regarded as Stromatoporoid in their affinities with probable relationships with the Hydrozoa. Later, when the microscopical structure was investigated, Dawson was led to believe that they were more nearly related to the Rhizopodal Protozoa. He says: “If we endeavour in imagination to restore these curious organisms, the task is a very difficult one. They, no doubt, grew on the sea-bottom, and must have had great powers of assimilation and increase in bulk. Still, it must be borne in mind that they were largely made up of inorganic particles collected from the mud and fine sand in process of deposition. The amount of actual organic matter in the hard parts, even of large specimens, is not very great, and the soft living material, if they were animal, must have been confined to the canals and to the exterior surfaces.
‘““As the only marine animals known to accumulate foreign matter in this manner are the Protozoa of the Rhizopod type, one naturally turns to them for analogies, and perhaps species of the genus Loftusia most nearly resemble them in general arrangement.” (7)
When Dawson gave these descriptions the relatively large organisms, Loftusia and Parkeria, as well as the much-dis- cussed Hozoén, were regarded as Foraminifera. Since then, the first two mentioned have been classed with the Hydrozoa, and the third has been relegated to the inorganic world.
Cryptozoén is of gigantic size, even when compared with the largest of all known Foraminifera, and its internal struc- ture is by no means conclusive of a relationship to these or any other section of the Protozoa. The large proportion which the mineral constituents bear to the whole structure is sug- gestive of an animal rather than a vegetable origin, although
(6)G. F. Matthew, Presid. Add. Nat. His. Soc. of New Bruns- wick, Bull. ix., p. 32 (1891) also, same author, Note on Arche@ozoén, age oul xxv. (vol. v.), p. 547 (1906). Sir W. Dawson, loc. cit., 2. ’ .
(Loc, cit., p. 209.
6
the possibility of their being related to the calcareous Alge must be considered. The testaceous Protozoa are not pro- minently developed in the lower. Paleozoic rocks, and when they do occur are, mostly, inconspicuous. On the other hand, Cryptozoén reached, relatively, gigantic proportions. Dawson says: “The larger masses are from one to two feet in diameter.’” It seems probable that Cryptozoén is a primitive type that does not closely accord with any of our existing phyla, but may be an ancestral form of the Stromatoporoidea, or some other group of the calcareous Hydrozoa. The silicification of the fossils is undoubtedly pseudomorphic in its origin. They were, no doubt, originally calcareous, and in the case of one species, described in this paper, the silicification is present only to a very limited degree.
In dealing with so ancient an organism of doubtful affinities it is difficult to determine what particular features are of specific value. The Australian specimens exhibit a close re- semblance to the generic type, but appear to be distinguish- able from all hitherto described species in some particulars.
CRYPTOZOON AUSTRALICUM, sp. nov. Plates i. and ii.
Skeleton consists of columnar growths which, in transverse sections, are circular or sub-circular. Average diameter of columns, # in.; with a range of variation from i in. to 2 in. in diameter. No peripheral wall. Each column is built up of closely-set lamine, of varying thickness, which are either concave or convex to the direction of growth.) The lamine are situated about one millimetre apart (about 25 laminz to the inch), and are sometimes crenulated or wavy. The laminz, which in the fossil condition comprise the entire skeleton, consist of earthy or siliceous material which is not acted upon by acids, and under a magnifying lens exhibits a very minute labyrinthic or spongiform structure. The spaces between the lamine are filled with a fine, granular, calcareous material identical with the rock mass in which the fossils are embedded. As a rule the columns are separate and exhibit a regular parallelism of growth.
(8) The fragmentary condition of the specimens make this point somewhat uncertain, as it is at times difficult to. determine which is the right way up of the columns. It is assumed, however, that the thicker end of the column is the growing end, and, on this evidence, where it is available, it would appear that the laminze may take either an upward or downward curve, or be flat in the centre and then turned either upwards or downwards when approaching the periphery of the column. These variations may prove to be only accidents of growth.
7
The relative insolubility of the fossils, in ‘comparison with the matrix, has led to their weathering out in strong relief. It is highly probable that the original skeleton of the organism was calcareous, and that the present form is that of a siliceous pseudomorph, in a similar way that many of the Archwocya- thine, in the Cambrian of South Australia, are preserved in the form of siliceous casts. The interlaminar spaces, now filled with the rock matrix, may possibly represent the chambers that contained the protoplasmic material of the living organ- ism; or, otherwise, some portions of the skeleton that failed to fossilize.
The present species differs from the type (C. proliferum, Hall) in the greater independence of the columns, and also in their more regular arrangement.
CRYPTOZOON TESSELLATUM, sp. nov. Plates 111. and iv.
Among the specimens sent down by Dr. Chewings are three which possess features somewhat different from those just described. In this form the columns are almost en- tirely calcareous, and vary greatly both as to size and shape. In transverse sections they may be circular, sub-circular, quadrate, angular, or irregular in form, and are frequently confluent and branching. Notwithstanding their great di- versity of shape they maintain a very regular arrangement in relation to each other, the intercolumnar spaces being uniform throughout. This form of growth, together with the fact that the fossils and the limestone matrix weather uni- formly, gives a curious tessellated or mosaic appearance to the specimens. So far as can be determined from the limited material at command the laminz of the columns are similar to those described in the preceding species.
The distinctive features in the present species are the irregular shape of the columns, their frequent bifurcation and confluence, and the regularity of the intercolumuar space.
As all the spcimens at command are fragments, it is im- possible to determine what may have been the shape of the “organism in its aggregate or compound form.
LoOcALITY AND MoprE oF OCCURRENCE.
The locality where Dr. Chewings discovered the fossils described in this paper was near the eastern end of the South ‘MacDonnell Ranges, on the north side of the mail road from Alice Springs to Arltunga, midway between Mount Benstead and Love’s Creek station.
In relation to the discovery, Dr. Chewings writes from Arltunga (September 12, 1912): “You will be interested to know that I made what I take to be a very important dis- covery of probably Cambrian fossils the other day, in the MacDonnell Ranges. They occur for several miles in a massive limestone (dolomite) range that skirts the gneissic and granitic formation of the Central MacDonnell.”
The following is a sketch supplied by Dr. Chewings to show the stratigraphical relationship of his discovery to the fossiiferous Ordovicians of the same ranges : —
SKETCH SECTION OF CENTRAL MACDONNELL RANGES (Chewings).
A. Gneissic and Granitic (? Pre-Cambrian). © B. Quartzite (? Cambrian). C. Dolomitic Limestone (? Cambrian); Cryptozoén fossils at x x. D. Ordovician fossils at xx.
“The Ordovician beds (D), with fossils, occur as shown on the rough section. The ‘inner’ quartzite and limestone beds (B and C) I have always held to be older, but could never find fossils in them until now.”—[Chewings. |
In a further letter, dated October 5, 1912, from Charlotte Waters, he writes: “The quartzite runs the whole length of the MacDonnell Ranges, vzz., from beyond Mount Udor to east of Arltunga, sometimes in broken and isolated hills, at others in a continuous line or lines forming the highest range of the MacDonnell. The dolomite I know to extend from Mount Giles to east of Arltunga, and, lke the quartzite, is always very much disturbed, broken, and thrust about. It has undergone such disturbance and aiteration that all trace of fossils has, in most parts, disappeared. Where the fossils were found the dolomite is of great thickness, and for a couple of miles, in one place, viz., near Acacia Well, which hes south of Mount Benstead, and in another, viz., two miles south of Bitter Springs, the fossils escaped obliteration. The two spots are five miles apart. Where the samples were found there is no lack of similar material, the rock being largely composed of the same coralline rock, or what origin- ally were corals. Where the fossils occur the dolomite beds
moO 9 DE
dip south, at say, 3:
9
GEOLOGICAL AGE OF THE FOSSILS.
Unfortunately there is a want of agreement in the opinion of the few geologists who have had the opportunity of examining the older rocks of Central Australia. Mr. H. ¥G L. Brown, the late Government Geologist, as well as Dr. Chewings,0) include a Cambrian series between the Pre- Cambrian and the Ordovician of the MacDonnell Ranges; whilst Tate and Watt do not recognize any rocks of Cambrian age in the MacDonnell Ranges, and affirm that the Ordovicians rest directly on the Pre-Cambrian bed-rock. This interpre- tation of the geological order is strongly maintained by these authors (in opposition to the views of Brown and Chewings) in their Report of the Horn Expedition to Central Australia.
It is in this disputed borderland, between the Ordovician and Pre-Cambrian, that Dr. Chewings obtained the fossils described in this paper. Tate and Watt would probably in- clude the fossiliferous horizon in their Ordovician, while Brown and Chewings place it in the Cambrian. As bearing on this question it is important to note that undoubted Cam- brian fossils have been found in Central Australia. An Olenellus (O. browni) was obtained by Mr. Brown at Alex- andra station, situated between Tennant Creek and the Queensland border; and Agnostus and Microdiscus were ob- tained at Elkedra station, 150 miles south of the preceding locality, and in a north-east direction from the MacDonnell Ranges.
In America the genus Cryptozoén appears to have a rather extensive vertical range—Etcheminian, Cambrian, and Lower Ordovician. It is, therefore, of little value in the present case for determining the geological horizon. The matrix of the Cryptozoén fossils in the MacDonnell’s does not, however, resemble the typical limestone of the Ordovicians of that region. The latter are “grey, yellow, and red,’ while the Cryptozoén limestones are of a bluish tint and granular structure, having a marked similarity to many of the mag- nesian limestones of the Cambrian of the Flinders Ranges, more to the south. The question of age must be left as a doubtful point at present, with the weight of the evidence, probably, in favour of them being Cambrian.
(9)Mr. Brown’s views are contained in various official reports, published by Authority, and also in his Geological Maps of the MacDonnell and associated regions.
(10) Geological Notes on the Upper Finke River Basin, Trans. Roy. Soc., S.A., vol. xiv., p. 247: also Notes on Sediment. Rocks in the MacDonnell and James Ranges. Ibid., vol. xviil., p. 197.
10
DESCRIPTION OF PLATES. [All figures are of natural size. |
Prate I. CRYPTOZOON AUSTRALICUM, Sp. nov. Fig. 1. A group of columns exposed in strong relief by weather- ing. The lamine are apparently convex to the direction of growth.
The middle column, in front, has an expanded base. Fig. 2. A group of columns possessing, apparently, concave
lamine. The columns exhibit a regular parallelism of growth without bifurcation. Exposed on weathered surface of limestone. Prate II.
CRYPTOZOON AUSTRALICUM, Sp. nov Fig. 1. Longitudinal view of weathered column possessing.
concave and wavy lamine. Fig. 2. End view of same specimen showing broken concave
lamine. Prats III. CRYPTOZOON TESSELLATUM, sp. nov.
Slab of limestone, about an inch thick, in which the fossils and matrix have weathered equally to a relatively flat surface. The columns are of irregular size and shape, but maintain equal distances from each other. The intercolumnar space is filled with amorphous limestone, which gives the stone a tessellated appear- ance. The opposite face is similar to that shown in the figure, and the vertical sections, on the sides of the stone, show the characteristic lamination of the organism.
Prate IV, CRYPTOZOON TESSELLATUM, sp. nov. Fig. 1. A slab rubbed down and polished showing transverse sections of the columns, which are similar to those seen in plate 111. Fig. 2. Polished longitudinal section of a column, with convex laminz, showing increase of diameter by growth.
Priate V. CRYPTOZOON PROLIFERUM, Hall.
[This plate has been reproduced by the courtesy of Dr. Walcott, who kindly forwarded his original photographs that they might be used for purposes of comparison in this paper. See Smithsonian Miscell. Collec. (Cambrian Geology and Paleontology), vol. lvii., No. 9, plate 37. The ‘‘Description of Plate’’ supplied below is that of Dr. Walcott’s. |
Fig. 1 (natural size). View by transmitted light, of a thin transverse section, showing the lamelle.
Fig. 2 (natural size). View by transmitted light, of a thin section, showing the lamellze where there was a slight dislocation, caused by irregularity of growth.
Fig. 3 (natural size). View of the weathered surface of lime- stone, showing several specimens.
The specimens represented by figs. 1 to 3 are from the Upper Cambrian shaly calcareous sandstone, resting on massive layers of Potsdam sandstone, east side of the town of Whitehall, Washington County, New York
11
NOTES ON THE AMYCTERIDES IN THE SOUTH AUS- TRALIAN MUSEUM, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES.— PART I.
By Eustace W. Fereuson, M.B., Ch.M. [Read April 2, 1914. ]
Some little time ago, on requesting permission to examine the A mycterides in the South Australian Museum, the authori- ties of that institution very kindly allowed me full oppor- tunity to examine all the specimens in their charge and to describe the new species. The present paper deals with the first four principal genera, together with one or two smaller allied ones. I have thought it advisable to note all the species sent for examination, together with their habitat. In this connection it should be noted that many of the older speci- mens are without locality labels beyond ‘‘Australia. Old collection.’”’ The collection is particularly rich in species of Sclerorimus, but I have purposely deferred commenting on the range and distribution of these until the genus is con- sidered as a whole in the revision of the subfamily at present being published in the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. The descriptions of the new species are given at the end of the paper.
1. Psalidura reticulata, Boisd.—New South Wales: Sydney.
2. Psalidura cox1, Macl.
P. coxi, Macl., var. A.—New South Wales: Tam- worth.
3. Psalidura costipennis, Ferg.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine (A. M. Lea). Four specimens, two of each sex, agreeing with type except that coste are perhaps slightly less prominent, and the sete are more numerous.
4. Psalidura miracula, Macl.—New South Wales: Blue Mountains, Tenterfield. |
5. Psalidura approzimata, Ferg. — Victoria: Mount Buffalo (Blackburn).
6. Psalidura forficulata, Macl.—South Australia: Ar- drossan (Tepper). I can detect no difference between Queensland specimens and this single South Aus- tralian example. It would be interesting to know if the species occurs elsewhere in South Australia; otherwise, if this locality be correct, it is very diffi- cult to account for its occurrence so far south.
10.
1g 6
12.
1}.
14.
12
. Psalidura frenchi, Ferg. (?)—Queensland: Hughenden
(A. M. Lea). <A single 3, probably this species, but with somewhat different elytral sculpture.
. Psalidura grandis, Ferg.—South Australia: Leigh
Creek (Blackburn), Muloolas.
. Psalidura caudata, Macl.—Queensland (Blackburn),
Longreach (A. M. Lea).
Psalidura flavosetosa, Ferg.—South Australia: Ouldea, Fowler Bay. Also from mallee districts, Victoria. Examination of a number of fresh speci- mens shows that the type has suffered some damage, probably from Anthrenus. 'The posterior edge of the anal segment is fringed with long hair or sete, a similar tuft is present on the interforficular process of the apical dorsal segment; the laminz also are not absolutely linear, but are narrow, with gently rounded edge, and can only be clearly seen from behind. It should probably be placed in the caudata group, from the two other species of which the widely separated fascicles will distinguish it. The colour of the setz is variable, and the name is hence not a good one.
Psalidura elongata, Macl.—New South Wales: Con- dobolin.
Psalidura flavovaria, Ferg.—South Australia. Doubt- fully recorded from South Australia; the Museum specimens confirm this habitat. It also occurs in Victoria, specimens having been shown me from Mount Macedon and Portland.
Psalidura squamigera, Macl.—New South Wales: Tamworth.
Psalidura mirabunda, Gyll.—Tasmania; Victoria. Several specimens sent under the synonyms impressa and howittr. A Q labelled ““Billinghurst’’ appears to belong to the same species. It is highly probable that mirabunda, Gyll., will have to be sunk in favour of mirabilis, Kirby. EHrichson (Wiegm. Arch. 1., 1842, p. 113) definitely says that the two names belong to the one species. Specimens of mirabunda and reticulata were sent to the British Museum for comparison with the type of P. mirabilis, but unfor- tunately it could not be found. Kirby describes the lamine as “‘latz, compresse, obcuneatze, apice rotundate, levissime, glaberrime, nitide,’’ a description which, of all the species known to me, will only accurately fit mirabunda.
23. 24.
25.
26.
27.
ae.
13
. Psalidura, sp.(?)—Western Australia. Blackburn’s
collection. A single ¢ belonging to the mzrabunda group, but differing from all the described species. To my mind the locality, Western Australia, is most probably erroneous, and as there is but a single specimen I hesitate to describe it.
. Psalidura assimilis, Ferg.—New South Wales:
Orange.
. Psalidura abnormis, Macl.—New South Wales: Yass,
Mulwala.
. Psalidura perlata, Ferg.—Western Australia: Eucla,
Israelite Bay, Eyre Sandpatch.
. Psalidura flavescens, n. sp. . Psalidura brevicauda, n. sp. . Psalidura sulcipennis, Ferg.—New South Wales:
Blue Mountains (Blackburn).
. Talaurinus riverine, Macl.—New South Wales: Mul-
wala (Sloane); Victoria: Coromby (Tepper), Sea Lake (Goudie); South Australia: Adelaide, Ardros- san (Tepper), Blanchetown (Mrs. Kreusler), Kil- kerran (Blackburn), Yorketown. Numerous speci- mens; the series shows some variation in size, colour of clothing, and sete. Specimens from Port Lincoln (Blackburn) differ in being smaller and in having rather more regular elytral granules. I have not considered them sufficiently distinct to describe even as constituting a variety.
Talaurinus tenebricosus, Ferg.—South Australia: Adelaide (Tepper).
Talaurinus, sp.—A single Q allied to 7. tenebri- cosus, but with much rougher sculpture. The speci- men is without locality from Blackburn’s collection ; it was sent under the name of ‘‘morbillosus, Boisd. ( ?)’’
Talaurinus tomentosus, Boisd.—Victoria: Nelson (Blackburn) ; South Australia: Kingston (Zietz).
Talaurinus penicillatus, Macl.—Tasmania. A pair marked, in Blackburn’s handwriting, ‘‘morbillosus, Er.’’ This identification, which is possibly from com- parison with KErichson’s type, is certainly correct; unfortunately Erichson’s name was preoccupied.
Talaurinus howttt1, Macl.—No locality given. A pair from Blackburn’s collection labelled ‘‘7. victorie,’’ a species erected on the Q of. howvttz.
Talaurinus simplicipes, Lea.—South Australia: Kingston (Zietz).
29.
30.
31. 32.
33.
34. 35.
36.
37.
38.
39. 40.
4].
14
Talaurinus maculipennis, Lea,—Western Australia: Kalgoorlie, Beverley.
Talaurinus maculipennis, Lea, var. brevior, n. var.
Talaurinus, sp.—South Australia: Ouldea; Western Australia. Allied to 7. maculipennis, but with in- termediate tibie simple. Though I believe the species to be undescribed, I hesitate to name it, as there is a possibility of it proving to be TZ. carbonarws, Pasc.,@ with the somewhat meagre description of which it agrees.
Talaurmus flaveolus, n. sp.
Talaurinus apicihirtus, Ferg. — Queensland: Too- woomba (Blackburn).
Talaurinus septentrionalis, Ferg.—North Queensland : Palmer River (French). A pair from Blackburn’s collection under the name of 7’. macuwlatws, Macl.
Talaurinus plagiatus, n. sp.
Talaurinus, sp.—South Australia: Adelaide (Black- burn). A single abraded Q resembling T. sem- plicipes, but with much finer antennal scape than in any of the group.
Talaurinus, sp.— Western Australia: Yilgarn (French). A single female from Blackburn’s collec- tion probably belonging to Group I., but not close to any species known to me.
Talaurinus pulverulentus, Macl., var. prosternalis, n. var.
Talaurinus STR OOS, Macl.—New South Wales: Mulwala.
Talaurinus wnconspicwus, Ferg.
Talaurinus strangulatus, Blackb.—Central Australia: Oodnadatta (co-type). An obscure species which I cannot refer with any certainty to any of my groups; probably it is most nearly allied to the squwamosus
_ group, though its elytral structure is at variance with
the members of the group. In the present: state of our knowledge of this difficult section (granulati) any arrangement into groups can only be considered as provisional, and isolated species from little-known regions are best left with merely an indication of their apparent affinities.
Talaurinus, sp.—South Australia: Lake Callabonna (Zietz). A single Q resembling Z'. strangulatus,
(1) Not T. carbonarius. A specimen has been compared with the type of T. carbonarius by Mr. K. G. Blair, of the British Museum,
42. 43. 44, 45. 46.
47.
15
but with different clothing and arrangement of granules, also showing an approach to 7’. squamosus. I hesitate to describe on a single Q.
Talaurinus angularis, Ferg.—New South Wales: Tamworth (Musson).
Talaurinus scapularis, Ferg.—Queensland.
Talaurinus ambiguus, Macl.—No locality.
Talaurinus prypnoides, Ferg.—South Australia: Mount Lofty (Tepper).
Talaurinus imitator, Blackb.—Central Australia (co- type).
Talaurimus crassiceps, Sloane, type.—Central Aus- tralia: Barrow Range. In my table of the genus this species would be associated with 7. imitator in Group VI. The two species may be conveniently separated as follows :—
Group VI. d. Intrastrial granules prominent, the de- pressions reduced to transverse fur- rows Pelee eee etn iuancor.. Blackbe dd. Intrastrial ridges not granulate, the de- pressions subquad- rate, foveiform ... T. crassiceps, Sloane
. Talaurinus rufipes, Blackb.—Central Australia:
Tempe Downs, MacDonnell Ranges.
. Talaurinus regularis, Sloane The types of all these: . Talaurinus helmsi, Sloane species are before me, . Talaurinus equalis, Sloane (together with an ex- . Talaurimus solidus, Sloane tensive series of speci-
mens from the Elder Expedition collected by Mr. R. Helms. In this connection it might be said that Mr. Sloane in describing these species had only two specimens of each sent to him, and therefore was not- in a position to judge correctly of their variation. The species were separated upon differences in con- vexity, in the degree of dilatation of the elytra, in the regularity of the sculpture, and in the granules. In all these points, however, the differences are slight and often elusive, and indeed appear to be incon- stant. After careful examination of a large series I am now of the opinion that all the forms are refer- able to one variable species, though it may be advis- able to recognize some of the names as worthy of subspecific rank,
16
T’. regularis, as the species first described, must retain its name; it is characterized by the regu- larity of its elytral sculpture, the granules on the second and fourth interstices being small and hardly larger than those on the other interstices, the number of granules on the second is only a few less than the number on the third interstice.
T. helmsi was separated on account of its nar- rower form, greater convexity, and the less conical granules of the elytra. The differences are, how- ever, slight and inconstant, and I regard 7. helmsi as certainly conspecific with 7. regularis.
T. equalrs differs in its flatter form and in the granules on the second and fourth interstices, these are fewer in number, more elongate and more depressed; the relation of the granules on the second to those on the third interstice is about one to two. It would seem advisable, therefore, to retain the name e@qualis at least for a variety. The above notes are founded on an examination and comparison of the ¢ types of the species. On the females.it is not so easy to reach a conclu- sion, the sculpture of the elytra varies more and in all the females are more robust and convex; indeed, it is not easy to absolutely associate females with the corresponding males. The type females of T. regularis and T.. equalis are in my own col- lection, having been retained by Mr. Sloane, so I have taken them for comparison. The types (Q) of T. regularis and of T’. helmsz correspond fairly closely with their respective males; the Q type of T. equalis, however, while of the elongate depressed form of the ¢, has the elytral inter- stices much more evenly granulate, and corresponds more with a number of specimens in the Museum collection. from North-west South Australia (Wells’ Expedition). The type of 7. solidus is a @, and in size and general appearance closely resembles the Q 7. regularis; it, however, has the granules larger and fewer in number on the second and fourth interstices. JI am inclined to regard the type as a large specimen of 7’. equalis.
In conclusion I may say that the slight differences between 7. regularis and T. equalis are much less than exist in big series of other species, as for instance in T. bucephalus, and I think there is little to be
iy.
gained in maintaining them as distinct species. I may add that Mr. Sloane very kindly re-examined his types and the other specimens while on a recent visit to Sydney, and was of the opinion that the specimens were all one variable species with the pos- sible exception of the Q type of T. e@qualis, which has in addition to other slight differences a slightly different impression on the fifth ventral segment. |
Hab.—Western South Australia, most of the specimens labelled ‘‘Elder Expl. Expedition, May- June 24, 1891. Helms.’’ A specimen of 7’. helmsi (so labelled by Mr. Sloane) is from Everard Range, one of 7. equalis is from Barrow Range, while the Q type of 7. wqualis is from Fraser Range.
53. Talaurinus typicus, Macl.— New South Wales: Goulburn.
54. Talaurinus alternans, Macl.—No locality.
55. Talaurinus tumulosus, Ferg.—New South Wales: Tamworth (Musson).
56. Talaurinus caviceps, Macl.—South Australia: Ardros- san, Balaklava.
57. Talaurinus carinatifrons, n. sp.
58. Talaurinus tuberculatus, Macl.
59. Talaurinus halmaturinus, n. sp.
60. Talaurinus bucephalus, Oliv.—New South Wales: Blue Mountains (Blackburn). One labelled ‘‘Wes- tern Australia.’’
61. Talawrinus, sp.'2)—Several specimens of a species be- longing to the semispinosus group. As I am not at all certain of the identity of several species of this group it seems best, to avoid further confusion, not to describe these specimens for the present. I have this species from Eucla; the South Australian Museum specimens are from Eyre Sandpatch.
62. Talaurinus M-elevatus, Lea.—New South Wales: Blue Mountains. |
63. Talaurinus bubaroides, n. sp.
64. Talawrinus spiniger, n. sp.
65. Talaurinus rugifer, Boisd.—New South Wales: Sydney. ©
66. Talaurinus impressicollts, Macl.—Victoria. <A single Q@ from Blackburn’s collection sent under the synonym hiscipennis, Macl.
(2)T. simulator, Pasc., var.; from comparison with the type by Mr. K. G. Blair. oh bar
74.
75.
US,
(he
78.
18
. Talaurinus niveovittatus, Ferg.—Queensland: Mount
Tambourine (A. M. Lea).
. Talaurinus kirby1, W. 8. Macleay.—New South
Wales: Blue Mountains.
. Talaurinus carinatus, Ferg.—Victoria: Nelson (Black-
burn). (Co-type.)
. Talaurimus incanescens, Macl.—No locality. . Peritalaurinus macrocephalus, Ferg.—Western Aus-
tralia. A fine pair of this species from Blackburn’s. collection, wrongly labelled ‘‘7. rugiceps, Macl.”’
. Notonophes cichlodes, Pasc.—The specimen sent is the
one Sloane had under examination in describing the genus.
. Pseudonotonophes lemmus, Pasc.— A new generic
name seems necessary; the description of the genus: is awaiting publication in my Revision.
Sclerorinus waterhouser, Macl.—South Australia ; Central Australia. Two <’s without exact locality labels.
Sclerorinus adelaide, Macl.—Australia, no locality. A specimen which I regard as only a form of this: exceedingly variable species.
Sclerorinus vittatus, Macl.—Ardrossan; South Aus- tralia (Tepper). Specimens from South Australia, without locality, and from Ardrossan agree with the type in form and appearance, but exhibit, inter se, great variability in the number, size, and position of the elytral tubercles. Specimens from Grange, South Australia, agree fairly well with both the types of wittatus and conspersus, and I see little reason for separating the two species beyond a slight. difference in shape and the somewhat smaller tubercles. S. rugicollis and S. angasi are, In my opinion, undoubtedly conspecific with S. vittatus.
Sclerorinus, sp. (?)—A single ¢ allied to wittatus, and perhaps only an extreme variety. In the absence of further specimens, it would be unwise to deal with it at greater length at present. Australia, no locality.
Sclerorinus sordidus, Macl.—South Australia: Victor Harbour, Adelaide, Mount Lofty. Others without. exact locality. A fairly large series of specimens, which I regard as referable to this species. The species 1s close to S. wittatus, but has more dingy clothing and less prominent tubercles concealed by the clothing; in these respects, however, the series shows considerable variation, this being more marked.
oo,
80.
il:
82.
83. 84,
85. 86. 37, 88.
89.
90.
19
in the females, which are, as a rule, larger and more coarsely tuberculate than the males. As with most
_ of the other species of the adelaide group, the species
shows a tendency to merge with the species above and below it in the scale of magnitude and tubercular development. While some specimens show a decided approach to S. wittatws, others are hardly separable from the following species, and there are intermediate forms.
Sclerorinus acuwminatus, Macl.—South Australia. Specimens compared with type of acuminatus agree also fairly closely with specimens of sordidus, except that they are smaller and have rather smaller tubercles. The fifth interstice is practically obsolete, while in sordidus it is as a rule fairly definite, though some specimens show a tendency towards obliteration.
Sclerorinus tristis, Boisd.—Tasmania. Specimens of a Sclerorinus from Tasmania without doubt belong to this species.
Sclerorimus asper, Macl.—South Australia. Specimens from South Australia agree with the type.
Sclerorinus howitti, Macl. — Victoria. A Q from Victoria agrees with the type. It is very doubtful if S. asper and S. howitte can be maintained as dis- tinct from S. tristes; I myself do not think that they can. S. acuminatus and S. obliteratus are also ex- tremely doubtfully distinct, though there seems more justification for their separation.
Sclerorinus obliteratus, Macl. (?)—Australia. A o without locality agrees fairly closely with the type, which is, however, a Q.
Sclerorinus, sp.—Victoria: Mount Buffalo. Close to S. obliteratus, but possibly distinct; both specimens are, however, males.
Sclerorinus, sp.(?)—A od from Aldgate probably represents a new species of this group.
Sclerorinus, sp.(?)—A <¢ from Ballarat has the sculpture almost obliterated; it is possibly distinct. Sclerorinus, sp. (?)—Victoria: Nelson (Blackburn). Close to S. obliteratus, Macl., but probably distinct. Sclerorinus wrregularis, Macl.—South Australia: Square Waterhole. A single Q, in general appear-
ance closely resembling S. sordidus.
Sclerorinus, sp.(?)—Kangaroo Island. A_ single Q greatly abraded, but apparently belonging to an undescribed species allied to 8. sordidus.
Sclerorinus neglectus, n. sp.
20
91. Sclerorinus regularis, n. sp.
92. Sclerorinus convexus, Sloane, var. spenceri, n. var.— Among the specimens sent were a number which show some variation, inter se, and which all differ from the type of S. convexus in my own collection. I can not regard these specimens as belonging to more than one species, though as the only specimen I have seen of S. convexus is the type, I cannot be certain if they represent a distinct species or only a variety ; apparently this is the species that Blackburn (Report Horn Exped.) recorded as S. convexus. Under the circumstances, I have thought it advisable to give a varietal name to these specimens, and have adopted the name which Blackburn had apparently originally (a specimen in my collection is labelled ‘‘spencerv”’ in Blackburn’s handwriting) given them in honour of Professor Baldwin Spencer. Below are given the chief characters for differentiating the variety from S. convexus :—
3. Larger than S. convexus, less parallel- sided; head and rostrum as in type; prothorax variable, in specimen selected for description granules somewhat larger than in convexus and somewhat abraded; elytra with nodules on inter- stices larger, more elongate, much fewer in number on the second and fourth, on the second ending suddenly at declivity not extending down as gradu- ally diminishing granules.
Dim.— 6, 23x8mm.; 9, 22x8 mm.
Hab.—Ouldea to Talarinna (R. T. Maurice), North-west South Austraha (Wells Exped., H. Basedow), Deering Creek (Horn Exped.), Her- mannsburg. None of the specimens show any signs of clothing, though such is evident in S. convezus.
Two specimens differ in being larger, more con- vex, and with rather coarser nodules. I cannot regard them as specifically distinct.
93. Sclerorinus insignis, Sloane.—Type, Elder Exped.
94. Sclerorinus noctis, Sloane.—Type, Barrow Range, Elder Exped.
I would refer these two species, originally placed in Talaurinus, to Sclerorinus; they are closely allied, but I believe distinct. How- ever, it is impossible to speak absolutely on this point, as they are of opposite sexes.
95. (2) Talaurinus obscurus, Sloane.—Type, Elder Exped. Though Sloane regarded this species as closely allied
21
to converus, insignis, and noctis, I am inclined to regard it as probably generically distinct. Unfor- tunately, only the Q is known.
96. Sclerorinus, sp.(?)—A_ single 9 from Menzies belonging to the convexus group; possibly it may prove to be the Q of S. insignis.
97. Sclerorinus elderi, Sloane.—Type 3, Everard Range, Elder Exped. Besides the type the collection con- tains a number of specimens from different localities. The species is variable in regard to size, number, and to a certain extent arrangement of the tubercles. In the type ¢ the median ventral vitta is of a very dark-brown, practically black, colour; in the type Q (in my own collection) the vitta is light- brown. In almost all the specimens I have seen, ranging over a vast extent of country, the ¢ has the vitta of a light reddish-brown colour. Specimens of this type are in the collection from Ouldea and Fowler’s Bay; except that the tubercles are some- what larger, I cannot detect any other difference from the type. Specimens (¢ and Q) from North-west South Australia (Wells Exped., March, 1903) differ somewhat in being rather depressed above, and in having the tubercles somewhat irregular and of a black colour. I cannot regard them as specifically distinct. Another 9 from Gawler Ranges also shows some slight differences in the tuberculation. The range of the species appears to extend from the western portion of South Australia as far as the Murchison district in Western Australia.
98. Sclerorinus molossus, Pasc.(?)—Three specimens which I refer with some doubt to this species. They differ from 8S. eldert in the smaller prothoracic tubercles and also somewhat in the elytral tubercles. The specimens are from (1) Coolgardie (Blackburn’s: collection), ¢; (2) Yorketown, 9; (3) Australia (Blackburn’s collection), no locality label, 9. Pos- sibly they do not all belong to the same species, but I have little doubt that they do so.
99. Sclerorinus angustipenms, Sloane. Type 3. A second 3 labelled ‘‘Frazer Range.’’ A Q labelled ‘‘Western Australia,’’ Blackburn’s collection, appears slightly different, though the differences are possibly sexual. The rostrum is rather stouter, the prothoracic granules less abraded, and the prothorax not so dilatate.
100.
101.
102.
03.
104.
4105,
106. LOT LOS: 109:
22
Sclerorinus occidentalis, Sloane. Types, ¢, 2. This species is very close to S. angustipennis, but I regard it as distinct. Two other specimens from Blackburn’s collection are in the Museum, and one (9) labelled ‘‘Upper Murchison, Helms’’ (the type locality).
Sclerorinus, sp. n.—A ¢ labelled ‘‘Western Australia,’’ York, Blackburn’s collection, belongs to a new species allied to S. eldert. In the absence of more specimens I have not thought it advisable to describe the species.
Sclerorinus molestus, Pascoe (?).—Eyre Sandpatch, Fowler Bay, Ouldea. An extensive series was sent of a species which I have had with some doubt iden- tified as S. molestus by Mr. Blair, of the British Museum. The species appears to be common in the regions bordering the Great Australian Bight, and is' recognizable by its parallel-sided form with dense yellowish clothing, except on the tubercles. Several specimens from Eyre Sandpatch differ from the usual form in having the prothorax more dilatate and the elytra not parallel-sided; the tubercles are also rather smaller.) I do not regard the form as specifically distinct. One ¢ labelled ‘“‘Fowler’s Bay”’ appears somewhat different, but is greatly abraded; the tubercles are red instead of black, diluted with red.
Sclerorinus sabulosus, Macl.—South Australia: Port Augusta.
Sclerorinus, sp. (?)—A single specimen from Pinnaroo of what is probably a new species allied to S. sabulosus. I have numerous specimens from the mallee districts of Victoria at present under examination.
Sclerorinus biordinatus, Macl.—Yorke Peninsula. An exceptionally beautiful species.
Sclerorinus blackburm, n. sp.
Sclerorinus exis, Macl.
Sclerorinus longus, Macl.
Sclerorinus vestitus, Macl.—South Australia: Gawler Ranges; New South Wales: Silverton; Victoria: Birchip. The Victorian specimens are, as a rule, narrower than the South Australian, but I do not regard them as distinct.
(3) Judging from notes forwarded by Mr. Blair, this form ‘probably corresponds closely with the type of S. molestus, Pasc.
110.
Eee
212.
113.
114. 115.
116.
Evy. 118.
ISL 120. 121.
23
Sclerorinus stewartr, Macl.(?)—South Australia: Blinman. Nearest to S. stewarti, but smaller than type. The last three species are undoubtedly close to one another, but differ in the relative size of the tubercles and to some extent in the clothing. S. teniatus, Pasc., appears to be synonymous with S. stewarti, Macl.
Sclerorinus sublineatus, Germar.—South Australia: Moonta, Peterborough, Blanchetown, Adelaide, Balaklava. A large series of specimens showing con- siderable variation in size, comparative width, and in the size of the elytral tubercles. S. marginatus, Pasc., 1s synonymous. One specimen was labelled “Northern Territory,’’ probably an error.
Sclerorinus pilularius, Macl.—South Australia: Mus- grave Range (R. T. Maurice), Wilgena (L. C. Staple- ton), Ouldea. Close to the last species but larger, more ovate, and with somewhat different clothing.
Sclerormmus, sp.(?)—A_ single Q without locality, possibly a variety of S. sublineatus, Germar.
Sclerorinus tuberculosus, Macl.—Victoria.
Sclerorinus germart, Macl.—South Australia. Speci- mens agree with types (?) in Macleay collection. In addition to these typical specimens were a number of others which I prefer to regard as varieties rather than as distinct species.
1. ¢g. No locality. Differs in having the median ventral vitta of a dark-brown colour.
2. 3, Q. Wilmington. The ¢ is a much longer and narrower insect than the type of germarv.
3. do, Q. Kangaroo Island. Differs in having the elytra somewhat longer in proportion to the pro- thorax, and in the sete being of a yellowish colour.
Sclerorinus parvulus, Macl.—South Australia. Speci- mens sent agree with the type(?) in the Macleay collection. It is, however, doubtfully distinct from S. germari, differing merely in the prothoracic granules being more rounded and less obsolescent.
Sclerorinus mucronipennis, 0. sp. —
Sclerorinus wmconstans, Lea.—New South Wales: Mount Kosciusko.
Sclerorinus alpicola, n. sp.
Sclerorinus dilaticollis, Macl.—South Australia.
Sclerorinus horridus, Macl.—South Australia: Fow- ler Bay, Port Lincoln, Ardrossan, Blanchetown,
122.
123.
128.
AS
24
Moonta, Terowie. One labelled ‘‘Northern Territory,’’ probably an error. The series shows great variation in size, clothing, and size of tubercles, so that it is somewhat difficult to obtain two specimens exactly alike.
Sclerorinus riverine, Macl.—Victoria. A pair from Blackburn’s collection sent under the synonym S. alternus, Macl.
Sclerorinus bubalus, Oliv.—Tasmania; South Aus- tralia. This is the first record of this common Tas- manian species from South Australia; it also occurs in Victoria.
. Sclerorinus subcostatus, Macl.—New South Wales:
Yass.
. Sclerorinus, sp. (?)—No locality. I have this species
from Harden, New South Wales. It is close to S. squalidus, but probably undescribed.
. Sclerorinus, sp. (?)—New South Wales: Mulwala (T.
G. Sloane). Three specimens of a widely distributed species. It agrees fairly well with the descriptions of S. hoper; I have, therefore, deferred dealing with it until specimens can be compared with the type.
. Amycterus leichhardtt1, Macl.—Western Australia.
A o¢ marked “‘compared with type.’’
Amycterus schiénherri, Hope.—Western Australia: Swan River.
Amycterus draco, W. 8S. Macleay.—Western Aus- tralia. The series sent for examination shows con- siderable variation in the number of tubercles com- posing the median rows on the prothorax. Ail the specimens show granularity of the derm between the elytra tubercles, but less marked than in the type, and in this respect the specimens approach closer to the variety insignis.4 Both the number of pro- thoracic tubercles and the granularity of the derm appear to vary independently. The typical characters of draco are the combination of few prothoracic tubercles (4-5) with an asperate derm; those of msignis are numerous tubercles (typically about 12) combined with an almost smooth derm. Examples of specimens with few tubercles and an almost smooth derm are not uncommon, but in the asperate speci- mens the prothoracic tubercles are rarely more than seven in number.
(4) Awaiting publication in my Revision of the Amycterides.
25
PSALIDURA BREVICAUDA, Ni. sp.
3. Moderately large, elongate, subparallel. Black; densely clothed with greyish-brown scales; beneath with yellow subsetose scales at sides of segments and yellow setz scattered throughout, fifth segment similarly clothed, and on. forceps and apical ptergite, also with longer stouter setz ; sete yellow ; fascicles dark-brown.
Head strongly convex, densely clothed, sparingly setigero- punctate. Rostrum short, moderately deeply excavate, ex- ternal ridges feebly bisinuate in outline, internal less pro- minent, short, strongly convergent, but apices separated. Hyes large, ovate. Prothorax (7x7 mm.) strongly rounded on sides, apex with median lobe strongly produced over head, ocular lobes well defined but less prominent, collar impression moderately marked, median line feeble; disc evenly and closely set with small, round, little prominent, strongly seti- gerous granules; sides granulate. Hlytra (12 x8 mm.) little widened on sides, apex strongly rounded, feebly mucronate, base subtruncate, humeral angles subnoduliform ; with rows of small regular foveiform punctures, intervals between setigerous but not granulate; interstices with small round setigerous granules, on second, fourth, and sixth in single, on the others in double, series; sides similar. Metasternum rather strongly depressed in middle. Fifth segment strongly excavate, anterior border of excavation hardly reaching anterior margin of seg- ment, preanal fossa deep, transversely oval, not separated from rest of excavation by a ridge, posterior margin of seg- ment lightly fringed with setz ; fascicles set obliquely inwards and downwards 2 mm. apart at base, 1 mm. at apex. Forceps with apices alone evident, short stumpy, not meeting, laminz present, very small and only visible from behind; apical tergite bearded with yellowish hair.
Q. Of a more elliptical shape, in structure closely resembling ¢; beneath convex, intermediates longer, fifth without excavation, clothed with yellow sete except over small bare area in centre.
Dim.— 3, 20x8mm.; 9, 20x8 mm.
Hab.—Queensland : Dalby (Mrs. F. Hobler, per A. M. Lea), Fraser Island (Bailey, South Australian Museum).
Type in author’s collection.
One of the most remarkable species in the genus, not only in the short forceps and curiously placed fascicles, but in the very regular foveate elytral sculpture. It is not close to any other known to me, and cannot with propriety be forced into any of the groupsin my table. Provisionally it may be formed into a new group, in the table coming near the end and
26
‘distinguished from the other groups with short forceps, by the well-developed fascicles and the form of the metasternum.
PSALIDURA FLAVESCENS, Nh. Sp.
3. Moderately stout, robust, in appearance close to perlata. Black; densely clothed with bright-yellow sub- pubescence or scales, covering all upper parts except rostral ridges, portion of head, and granules below, present on meta- sternum, and feebly on ‘segments where scales are more setose ;
granules with long bright-yellow sete, legs with stout sete.
Head and rostrum as in perlata, frontal impression shallow, clothing forming a median and supraorbital vitte. Prothorax (5 x 6 mm.) with smaller and more separate granules than in perlata, each with a long seta. Elytra (115 x 8 mm.) much as in perlata, densely clothed, intrastrial ridges trace- able, setigerous; interstices with distinctly smaller granules, for the most part in double series, setz long. Metasternum and anal segment as in perlata, except that excavation is less nitid.
Dim.—63,19x8 mm.
Hab.—South Australia: Eucla (C. French), Port Lincoln {South Australian Museum). Close to perlata, but with very different clothing and noticeably smaller granules.
Type in author’s collection.
TALAURINUS MACULIPENNIS, Lea. Var. BREVIOR, Nn. var.
3. Differs from typical specimens in being shorter and comparatively stouter; clothing with hghter portions predom- inating, sete rather stouter, of a brighter yellow colour; pro- thoracic granules more distinct, not obscured by clothing: elytra with the intrastrial eranules rather more prominent, the setz distinctly more evident ; otherwise as in type.
Dim.—¢6,12x5mm.; 9, 12x55 mm.
Hab.—Western Australia: Eucla (C. French); South Australia (South Australian Museum, without exact locality).
Type in author’s collection.
I have had specimens of this form under observation for some time, and while I do not regard them as specifically distinct, I think that the differences noted above are sufficient to entitle the form to subspecific rank.
“TALAURINUS FLAVEOLUS, 0. sp. 3. Small, elongate-ovate, of type of 7. semplicipes. Black, densely clothed with oreyish or yellow SU eS sete light-yellow.
27
Head gently convex, continuous with rostrum in same plane above, with a few scattered sete. Rostrum short, hardly excavate, save for depression behind apical plate; internal ridges hardly distinct; three impressions traceable at base, a median linear and an oblique somewhat curved foveiform impression on either side. Scrobes simple. Eyes subovate. Prothorax (2°5x 3 mm.) widely and evenly rounded on either side, apical margin with very feeble postocular sinuation ; disc without impressions, granules practically obsolete, some- what more evident at sides, each with a long stout decumbent seta arising posteriorly and projecting backwards. Elytra (6x4 mm.) gently rounded on sides, apex moderately strongly rounded, strongly declivous posteriorly, base almost truncate, humeri very slightly thickened, not projecting; disc with sculpture practically obliterated, no strie traceable, on abrasion small obsolete granules to be seen, rendered slightly evident by the feeble rugosity of derm. Clothed with dense subpubescence and with long stout sete arising from the obsolete granules and traceable into rows according to the in- terstices and into intermediate rows corresponding to the intrastrial granules. Beneath with light scattered sete ; inter- mediate segments moderately long; fifth segment lightly con- cave, a deeper transverse sulcus along posterior margin, not reaching sides, but bounded at each end by a small tubercle on the anterior edge. Middle tibiz simple.
Q. Similar but more robust; rostrum with median area more definitely impressed ; prothorax (3 x 35 mm.) and elytra (7x5 mm.) similarly sculptured; beneath convex, inter- mediates longer, fifth with a shallow somewhat irregular fovea surrounded by a few punctures.
Dim.—d,95x4mm.; 9, 11x5 mm.
Hab.—Western Australia: Esperance Bay (¢), Eucla (Q), Blackburn’s collection; Eucla (Q), (C. French), collec- tion Ferguson.
I have had a single Q of this species under observation for some time; the presence of both sexes in the South Australian Museum collection has given me an opportunity of describing it. The clothing of the 3 has been somewhat abraded and apparenty discoloured ; in both females it is of a bright-yellow and in one variegated with grey or white, the prothorax being also feebly trivittate. As seen from above the sculpture appears almost entirely obliterated; viewed from behind, owing to the foreshortening, shallow punctures become evi- dent arranged into longitudinal rows. Of previously described’ species it comes nearest to 7. simplicipes, Lea, but differs in. the sculpture clothing and sete.
Type in South Australian Museum.
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TaLAURINUS PLAGIATUS, Nl. Sp.
gd. Size, shape, and general appearance of 7. septen- trionalis, intermediate tibiz without subapical notch. Black, rather densely clothed with dingy-grey subpubescence, an obscure dark patch at each humeral angle, a few small indis- tinct dark maculz on disc; beneath with fairly close silvery subsetose clothing; setz dark-brown.
Head strongly convex, separately so from rostrum. Rostrum short, strongly excavate in front; external ridges sub- parallel; internal prominent, little convergent; median area ‘depressed, sublateral sulci long, subparallel. Scrobes feebly curved, well defined, not reaching eye. Eyes rather large, ovate. Scape rather short, stout, strongly curved, incrassate, but not ampliate or explanate at apex. Prothorax (3x4 mm.) rather strongly widened, subangulate at sides, anterior to middle; apex with moderately distinct median lobe, but feeble ocular lobes; postapical constriction ill-defined but moderately strongly impressed, median line indefinite; with small obscure granules fairly closely set, rounded, somewhat irregular towards middle with tendency to coalesce longi- tudinally; sides granulate. Elytra (7 x5 mm.) ovate in out- line, base subtruncate, humeri marked but not produced, apex strongly rounded, posterior declivity steep; with rows of open shallow fovez in striz, the granules between small and little evident ; interstices little raised, alternate ones rather thicker, setigerous but hardly evidently granulate, the whole sculpture somewhat obscure. Beneath with intermediate ventral seg- ments moderately long, flat; fifth segment feebly and indefin- ably concave in middle near apex. Forceps hardly visible in position, short, with moderately broad laminz set obliquely across inner face. Anterior tibie strongly angulate at apex, intermediate without subapical notch.
©. Similar, more ovate; under-surface convex without impressions, anterior tibiz not so strongly angulate at apex; disc with granules feeble but slightly more evident.
Dim.— 3,11x5; 9, 11x55 mm.
Hab.—North Queensland (Blackburn).
Type in South Australian Museum.
A small obscure species in appearance strongly resembling T. septentrionalis, but with simple tibie. It is perhaps closest to T. panduriformis, but, besides being smaller, it has more evident prothoracic granules, and rather more regular elytral sculpture, the punctures being more definite and the inter- mediate interstices (%.e., the second and fourth) with more evident setz set close together; the difference in the humeral angles is also very marked.
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TALAURINUS PULVERULENTUS, Macl. Var. PROSTERNALIS, n. var.
d. Of size and general structure of typical specimens ; antennal scape slightly more curved and rather more incrassate at extremity; prosternum with a narrow transverse carina in front of anterior coxe, terminating abruptly at each end; metasternal tubercles situated slightly internal to middle trocanters and nearer to each other than in type.
Q. Similar to 9 of typical specimens except that scape is slightly thicker.
Dim.—¢,11x4mm.; 9, 12x5 mm.
Hab.—Central Queensland: Longreach (A. M. Lea).
Except in regard to the ridge on the prosternum and the approximation of the metasternal tubercles, this form does not differ from 7. pulverulentus, for the difference in the antennz is slight and only appreciable on careful comparison. In 7’. pulverulentus the metasternal tubercles are evidently farther apart; they are situated behind and a little towards the outer side of the middle trocanters.
Type in the South Australian Museum.
TALAURINUS CARINATIFRONS, Nn. Sp.
3d. General facies that of T. caviceps. Black, densely clothed above except on elevations with greyish scales, beneath with similar more scattered clothing on middle and sides of each segment.
Head convex, forehead concave between the ends of the ridges ; marked with three ridges, a prominent rounded one on each side, the prolongation back of the external rostral ridges, and a shorter, much finer, and more sharply defined ridge or carina in centre. Rostrum moderately deeply excavate, ex- ternal ridges thick, rounded, slightly convergent basally, con- tinuous with lateral ridges on head; internal ridges but little prominent, median area little depressed below level of internal ridges, sublateral sulci long, deep and foveiform at base, shallow anteriorly. Scrobes simple, not reaching eyes. Eye subrotundate. Prothorax (5x6 mm.) evenly rounded on sides, ocular lobes moderately well defined, median line not impressed but without granules; disc with numerous discrete rounded granules or tubercles, somewhat irregular in size and distribution. Sides granulate. Elytra (13x 8 mm.) evenly rounded on sides, apex rather strongly rounded, base gently arcuate, humeri marked by out-turned nodule; with rows of small shallow open foveiform depressions obscured by clothing, each separated from the next above and below by a small nitid granule; interstices with small rounded somewhat
30
flattened tubercles, numerous and forming continuous rows o1r first, third, fifth, and sixth, fewer, larger, and more widely separated on second and fourth, on second about eight, on fourth four to five in number. Sides with numerous rounded. nitid granules. Fifth segment .with a moderately deep con- cavity occupying the middle two-fourths, with a deeper trans~ verse sulcus along posterior margin. Anterior femora not ridged.
Q. Similar but more robust, head with median carina. less evident, third interstice showing tendency to reduplica- tion of the tubercles in the basal half. Beneath convex, fifth segment with irregular shallow transverse impression at ex- treme apex.
Dim.—c, 21 x8mm.; 9, 21x85 mm.
Hab.—South Australia.
Type in author’s collection.
I have long had a specimen of this species in my col- lection, but merely regarded it as a form of caviceps. The examination of a number of specimens in the South Australian Museum collection at once showed the difference from that species, the tubercles both on prothorax and elytra being con- siderably finer.
TALAURINUS HALMATURINUS, N. sp.
d. Large, elongate-ovate, general facies that of T. verrucosus. Black, tubercles subnitid, practically without. clothing.
Head strongly ridged on each side above eye, middle of forehead with a feeble longitudinal carina. Rostrum strongly excavate, especially in front, external ridges subparallel, con- tinued on to head; internal less prominent but distinct, moderately long, convergent; sublateral sulci long, rather deeply impressed, median area depressed. Scrobes ending dis- tant to eye, with a feeble prolongation upwards and backwards. Prothorax (5x 6 mm.) evenly rounded on either side, apical margin subtruncate above, ocular lobes feeble; disc with isolated rounded tubercles, rather farther apart in middle. Sides with tubercles becoming obsolete towards coxe. LHlytra: (12x 8 mm.) evenly rounded on sides, base arcuate, humeri marked by out-turned tubercle; disc with punctures irregular, hardly traceable into striz, also with scattered setigerous granules; with rows of tubercles corresponding to the inter- stices, moderately large, rounded anteriorly, conical and more spinose posteriorly and laterally, the second interstice with four distantly placed, the last on declivity, third interstice with about ten extending just on to declivity, the tubercles isolated but closer together than on second, fourth with two:
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near middle, five with about eight, sixth with six forming lateral border; sides with tubercles subobsolete and closer. Beneath with small scattered setz, intermediate segments long ; fifth with shallow impression occupying a little more than middle two-fourths, deeper posteriorly and with a deep narrow somewhat boat-shaped fossa at extreme apex. Anterior femora not ridged.
Q. Similar to ¢ but more robust, with elytral tubercles somewhat more numerous; beneath strongly convex, fifth segment with only a shallow transverse apical impression.
Dim.—¢d, 20x8 mm.; 9, 22x9 mm.
Hab.—Kangaroo Island.
Type in South Australian Museum.
Very close in general appearance and elytral sculpture to JT. verrucosus, Guér., but, wmter alia, with somewhat different excavation of fifth ventral segment. The excavation in both species is on the same general plan, but is much deeper in T. verrucosus, while the tubercles at the sides are not developed in 7. halmaturimus,; the internal rostral ridges are _ also more evident in the Kangaroo Island species. 7’. tuber- culatus differs again in these respects.
TALAURINUS BUBAROIDES, Nl. Sp.
| @. Small, ovate. Black, densely clothed with yellowish or grey subpubescence, completely covering the granules; sete small, light coloured. -
Head as viewed from above about twice as wide across eyes as width across external rostral ridges at apex, sides nar- rowed with slight curve outwards from behind eyes to base of rostrum. Rostrum little excavate, median area wide, shallow, and open; width across external ridges much less than width of rostrum, ridges not prominent, slightly diver- gent backwards; internal ridges little prominent, sublateral sulci small, foveiform at base, becoming rapidly shallower anteriorly ; sides of rostrum greatly bulged out below scrobes. Scrobes somewhat curved with shallower extension continuing curve back and downwards to orbit. Scape moderately long, normal. Eyes rotundate. Prothorax (3x 4'5 mm.) strongly transverse, sides strongly angulate in middle, narrowed to base and apex; ocular lobes rather well marked. Disc strongly convex from side to side, with median impressed line and strongly marked, somewhat flattened, impression on each side, making the lateral margins appear almost explanate. Granules small, discrete, densely clothed but readily traceable, absent along longitudinal impressions, clustered more thickly around lateral angle. Elytra (7x55 mm.) rather strongly
32
widened posteriorly, apex moderately rounded ; base somewhat deeply emarginate, humeral angles projecting forwards, nodu- liform, basal end of third interstice also projecting forwards, less strongly noduliform. Disc with rows of small closely-set shallow punctures each subtended by a small granule; third and fifth interstices more prominent than the others, sutural with five granules, second with three or four small tubercles spaced out on interstice, third and fifth each with row of small closely-placed tubercles from base to middle, thence with a few isolated tubercles extending down declivity, fourth with three tubercles similar to second, sixth with row of about eight regularly and closely placed. Beneath gently convex; fifth with small transversely oval foveiform depression at extreme apex.
Dim.—Q, 115x5'5 mm.
Hab.—South and Western Australia: Ouldea, Fowler Bay, Eucla.
Of this distinct species I have five specimens under exam- ination, all apparently of the one sex and probably females. IT have not hesitated to describe it, as it is a thoroughly distinct species. In general appearance it somewhat resembles Sclerorinus horridus, and I long had a specimen under that name. In Blackburn’s collection there is a specimen named S. parvulus. It is, however, certainly not a Sclerorinus, and though tentatively placed in T'alaurinus probably requires a new genus. I have selected a specific name in accordance with a superficial resemblance to Bubaris pubescens. There is a strong connection between this species and T. scaber, Boisd. ; the rostrum in the latter species is rather longer and has the internal ridges raised at base, but is very similar in appear- ance, the shape of the thorax is practically the same, the elytral tubercles, however, are different.
Type in author’s collection.
TALAURINUS SPINIGER, Nl. Sp.
Q. Of moderate size, robust. Black, with feeble muddy clothing ; sete small, black; no median ventral vitta.
Head convex, broad, with two impressions in front con- tinuous with sublateral rostral sulci. Rostrum short, width across external ridges considerably less than width across sides, external ridges somewhat convergent to base, internal ridges subobsolete, only indicated by the position of the sub- lateral sulci, these obliquely set, deep, foveiform at base, becoming shallower anteriorly, median area gently and evenly concave. Scrobes short, somewhat curved, ending distant from eye. Eyes small, round. Scape of moderate length, not much
33
incrassate. Prothorax (5x6 mm.) strongly transverse, sides bulged out and subangulate in middle; apical margin widely rounded above with moderately deep postocular sinuation. Disc strongly convex from side to side, more gently from before backwards, set with small rather prominent separate tubercles, absent along median and sublateral lines. Elytra (9 x7 mm.) robust, apex moderately strongly rounded, base very gently arcuate, humeri marked by outwardly projecting tubercle; with rows of small punctures separated by small granules, the lines obscured and broken up by the interstitial tubercles; suture with row of small granules, larger and out-turned at base, the cther interstices with strong conical tubercles larger and more acutely pointed posteriorly, second with four to five, situated moderately close together about middle of interstice, third with a continuous row of ten to twelve from base to declivity (on one side with a small tubercle on declivity), fourth with one or two separate tubercles near middle, fifth with three to four moderately close together starting from shoulder and three or four others more unevenly spaced out, sixth with three near middle. Beneath convex; fifth seg- ment with a foveiform impression near apex.
Dim.—Q2,15x7 mm.
Hab.—Australia; no locality given.
Type in South Australian Museum. South Austraha (National Museum, Victoria).
Though represented by female specimens only, the insect appears so distinct that I have not hesitated to describe it. Its immediate affinities are not obvious, but it shows some points of resemblance to both 7. bubaroides and T. incanescens, probably when the ¢ is known its position will be more apparent.
SCLERORINUS NEGLECTUS, 0. sp.
3. Hlongate-ovate. Biack, cpaque; densely clothed with grey and brown, trivittate with grey on head and prothorax, the median vitta subdivided on head and rostrum by median carina, elytra maculate; below last three segments maculate with yellow in middle and with sparse grey sete near sides. Sete dark-brown.
Head continued on into rostrum without interruption, the lateral and median carinz continued up forehead, the median almost to vertex; rostrum not greatly excavate, sublateral sulci shallow with deeper foveiform pit at base. Prothorax (4x5 mm.) rather strongly rounded on sides, not greatly ampliate, ocular lobes moderately prominent; disc with well- defined subapical impression and deeply impressed median line, somewhat sparingly set with moderately large somewhat
fo)
34
depressed granules, elongate in middle, more rounded towards sides. Sides granulate. Elytra (11 x6 mm.) gently rounded on sides, apex moderately strongly rounded, base gently arcuate, humeral angles rather feebly out-turned, noduli- form; disc with rows of small punctures obscured by the clothing, subtended by sete but no definite granules between the punctures; interstices broad and flat where tubercles are wanting, second with two or three subconical tubercles, spaced out between middle and apex, third with a more con- tinuous row of elongate rather large tubercles about ten in number, more spaced out and subconical posteriorly, fourth without tubercles, fifth with a row more closely placed, rather smaller and more rounded about fourteen in number, sixth with a similar row of about eleven. Sides with rather pro- nounced somewhat tortuous tubercles. Fifth ventral seg- ment with a narrow median channel not very deep, bordered on each side behind middle by a triangularly raised ridge or tubercle. Anterior femora not ridged beneath, inter- mediate tibie with a deep subapical notch.
@. Similar but larger and more ovate, with the apex decidedly produced and obtusely mucronate; beneath convex, fifth segment with median channel not bounded by tubercles ; intermediate tibize with much feebler notch.
Dim.—d,6x6mm.; 9, 20x8 mm.
Hab.—South Australia: Port Lincoln (Macleay Museum, South Australian Museum). |
All the specimens, with the exception of a pair in the Museum collection labelled Northern Territory (probably an erroneous locality), are from the Port Lincoln dis- trict, where the species appears to be common. The series shows great variation both in the _ prothoracic and elytral sculpture, in some specimens the prothoracic granules are much smaller, more elongate, and showing a distinct tendency to become obsolete in the middle; the tubercles on the elytra are often variable, in particular those on the more lateral interstices. Some specimens show a decided approach to S. regularis, and it is questionable whether that species should not be regarded as an extreme variation of S. neglectus. Though in most Australian col- lections the species appears to have been overlooked by pre- vious describers. :
Type in author’s collection.
SCLERORINUS REGULARIS, Nh. Sp.
3. Size moderately large, convex, subparallel. Black, densely covered with yellowish-brown clothing; sete light-
35
brown ; ventral segments maculate with lighter in middle and at sides.
Head convex, upper-surface practically in same plane with that of rostrum, forehead with three ridges, the exten- sion backwards of the rostral carine. Rostrum broad, the carine on upper-surface distinct, transversely convex, the median carina narrowing slightly to base and widening some- what on head; sublateral sulci long, foveiform at base. Head ‘and rostrum remotely and subobsoletely punctate. Prothorax (5x6 mm.) moderately ampliate, widest in front of middle; ocular lobes rather prominent. Disc convex, median impres- sion rather ill-defined, apical impression only traceable at sides; closely set with smail regular rounded tubercles, not noticeably depressed; sides granulate. Elytra (11 x7 mm.) gradually but not greatly widened to behind middle; base arcuate, humeral angles marked by small tubercles. Disc with regular rows of shallow impressions, separated by small setigerous granules concealed by clothing; interstices tuber- culate; second with three isolated elongate tubercles near middle; third with a regular row of fifteen, closely set, ex- tending from base half-way down declivity, rounded basally, subconical on declivity; fourth without tubercles; fifth with a continuous row of twenty-two smaller rounded tubercles; sixth with nine intermediate in size and not extending to base. Sides with tubercles obsolete. Apical ventral segment with a strong median channel bordered on either side by a small tubercle. Anterior femora with a feeble indication of a ridge beneath; intermediate tibie with a strong subapical notch.
©. More robust and ovate in outline; beneath convex,
the fifth segment with a feeble median impression; anterior femora not ridged; intermediate tibie wtih a feeble indica- tion of a subapical notch.
Dim.—¢d,18x7mm.; 9, 20x9 mm.
Hab.—Gawler Ranges (F. Andrews, South Australian Museum, type).
The notch on the intermediate tibie will separate the species from all, except S. neglectus and S. dimidiatus, of the members of the first section of the genus. From S. neg- lectus its larger size and in general more robust form will, in addition to the ‘more marked differences in the prothoracic and elytral sculpture, help to distinguish it. To this species I refer with some slight doubt specimens from Port Lincoln ; these latter, however, show a decided tendency towards S. neglectus and lead me to question whether both forms do not belong to the one variable species. I do not think, however, that this is really the case. S. dimidiatus, Macl., is founded
c2
36
on an isolated specimen from Flinders Range; it agrees with S. regularis in the rounded character of the prothoracic granules, but differs in having the third interstice subcostate.
ScLERORINUS ALBOVITTATUS, Nl. Sp.
¢. Elongate-ovate, size moderate. Black; densely clothed with yellowish-brown subpubescence; head trivittate, the median vitta subdivided by a median bare line, prothorax trivittate with white, the median vitta narrow, elytra with white vittz along the third and fifth interstices; sides of head, prothorax, and lower border of elytra with white, the white clothing more squamose in character; under-surface with whitish macules on middle and sides of segments forming interrupted vittz, last segment with white clothing distributed over whole surface.
Rostrum with median line bare, not definitely raised, extending up on to and along forehead, basal fovee moder- ately deep. Prothorax (4x5 mm.) transverse, moderately ampliate on sides, ocular lobes rather feeble. Disc convex, with transverse subapical impression and feebly impressed median line, set with round somewhat-depressed setigerous granules moderately close together, obsolescent along vitte; sides granulate. Elytra (10x 6 mm.) evenly rounded, not greatly widened on sides, base gently arcuate, humeral angles marked but not produced. Disc with punctures obscured by clothing but apparently small and shallow; interstices tuber- culate, the tubercles small, becoming somewhat larger pos- teriorly, feebly conical on declivity; second with five or six isolated tubercles, not extending down declivity, third inter- stices tending to approximate on declivity, with a row of about twelve from base nearly to apex, fourth with three anterior to middle varying in position, fifth with three at humeral angle only, sixth with a closely set row of twelve; sides with regular rows of rounded tubercles. Fifth ventral segment with small median impression at extreme apex, bordered on either side by a small tubercle obscured by clothing. Legs simple.
2. Similar to 3 but somewhat more ovate, and convex beneath.
Din 6) xe bam O° a) c/a
Hab.—Western Australia: Eucla (C. French and South Australian Museum).
Though in general appearance close to species of the type of S. germari, and, lke that group, with the fifth interstice only tuberculate at shoulder, the structure of the fifth ventral segment points to a closer relationship to the adelaide group, though it is very distinct from any other described species of
37
the group. The median macules tend to form a distinct median vitta, but it has not the hirsute character of species in the vittate groups. Most of the Museum specimens are without. locality.
Type in author’s collection.
SCLERORINUS BLACKBURNI, 0. sp.
3. Elongate, subparallel, strongly tuberculate. Black; clothing dense. rich-brown, on head forming median and sub- lateral vittz: a brownish patch on either side between vitte; whitish on prothorax forming feeble sublateral vittz and faintly indicated in middle line; elytra with inner- surfaces of tubercles clothed with white; sides of prothorax and elytra with white. Beneath with a dense tomentose vitta of a rich ruddy-brown colour. Setz black.
Head strongly convex, the upper rostral surface not in same plane as head, forehead flattened in front, external rostral ridges extending back with a slight change of direction on to the head. Rostrum broad, evenly though not deeply excavate, external ridges slightly divergent posteriorly, median carina narrow, distinctly raised, not extending upon head, sublateral sulci broad, shallow, with smaller deeper foveiform depressions at base. Eyes subrotundate. Prothorax (6 x 75 mm.) dilatate, subangulate on sides anterior’ to middle, post- ocular sinuation of apical margin moderately strong but lobes not marked ; disc with evident transverse subapical impression, median line free from tubercles, sublateral lines irregularly impressed, free from tubercles; elsewhere with strong irregular somewhat depressed tubercles, rounded or slightly transverse. Sides with granules decreasing in size from above down and not continued to coxe. Elytra (15 x8 mm.) elongate, little widened, apex almost subtruncate, with a strong granulate flange; base feebly arcuate, humeri with single, outwardly ‘directed, tubercle. Disc with rows of small shallow foveiform punctures obscured by clothing, each subtended by a small, setigerous granule; interstices tuberculate, sutural with a row of fine granules larger at base ; second with four large spinose tubercles, black, spaced out and uniformly placed on the two sides; third with a continuous row of strong spinose tubercles, upwardly, backwardly somewhat outwardly directed, nine on left, twelve on right in type; fourth without tubercles; fifth with humeral tubercle only, followed by a small granule, thence interstice only traceable by a row of setz; sixth with a continuous row of large outwardly-directed tubercles, ten in number. Sides with rows of rounded granules or tubercles diminishing in size in successive rows. Under-surface with deep groove on either side of vitta on first and second segments, the
38
others somewhat irregular, hardly rugulose, non-granulate, with a few sete. Anterior femora ridged beneath. Middle tibiz simple.
Dim.—6d3, 24x 8 mm.
Hab.—Northern Territory; South Australia: Cleve (Blackburn). }
Type in South Australian Museum.
Two specimens, both males, from the late Rev. T. Black- burn’s collection, in memory of whom I have named it. I regard it as probably the finest species yet described in this genus. Itis most nearly related to S. biordinatus, but differs decidedly in clothing, and in the much larger tubercles both on thorax and elytra; the strong dark tubercles contrasted against the rich almost reddish-brown clothing should render it easy of identification. Although the type is labelled Northern Territory, it seems improbable to me that this species should range from Cleve in Yorke Peninsula, South Australia, to the Northern Territory, particularly as the other members: of the genus are almost all restricted in their habitat. Fur- thermore, the only other species of Sclerorimus in the present collection labelled as coming from Northern Australia are species whose known habitats are in the south of South Aus- tralia. The possibility suggests itself, therefore, that all these species have through some error been wrongly labelled.
SCLERORINUS ALPICOLA, 0. sp. or var.
3. General facies that of S. inconstans, Lea, but slightly smaller and somewhat narrower. Black, legs sometimes diluted with red; clothing much as in S. inconstans, but rather lighter, brownish with whitish vitte, head trivittate, median vitta subdivided into two, prothorax trivittate, elytra with rather feeble vittze traceable along the two inner and two outer striz ; with median black hirsute vitta along under- surface. |
Head with external rostral ridges continued for some dis- tance along each side of forehead, median rostral carina dis- tinctly elevated, continued on to head but interrupted at junction of head and rostrum, sublateral fovez moderately deep. Prothorax (4x 4°5 mm.) widest anterior to middle, ocular lobes rather feeble; set with fine scattered granules, larger in apical third, generally smaller than in S. enconstans. Elytra (10x 6 mm.) less dilatate than in S. wnconstans, rows of punctures similar but tubercles on interstices smaller and fewer in number; second with two or three, third with five or six unevenly spaced over whole length of interstice, fourth without any, fifth variable in number and position of the tubercles, these not forming a closely-set row but spaced out
39
over length of interstice, sixth with tubercles somewhat smaller but more regular and closer together. Apical ventral segment with a concave depression slightly shallower than in S. meonstans. Legs simple.
QO. Somew hat more ovate than the male ; beneath convex, with a much feebler brownish vitta.
Dim.—é,16x6mm.; 9,17x7 mm.
Hah.—Victoria: Mount Baldy (H. J. Carter), Victorian Alps (Rev. T. Blackburn).
Close to S. inconstans, Lea, of which it might well be regarded as a variety; as, however, a fairly extensive series shows little variation in the size of the tubercles and in other points, I think it justifiable to propose a distinct name for the southern form. The prothoracic granules are not noticeably smaller than in the type of S. wconstans, but they are decidedly smaller than the majority of specimens from Mount Kosciusko; the elytral tubercles are also smaller, and as a general rule are fewer in number. The clothing is described from a specimen in good preservation, but the majority of specimens are abraded or discoloured and the vitte obscured.
Type in author’s collection.
SCLERORINUS MUCRONIPENNIS, N. sp.
Q. Size small, ovate, moderately robust, general facies that of S. germari. Black, densely clothed with dark-brown subsquamose clothing, vittate with white, head trivittate, the median vitta bifurcate on the rostrum, prothorax trivittate, elytra with two longitudinal vitte on each side, one internal to third interstice, the other along lateral border, sides of pro- thorax and elytra with white along lower edge. Beneath with a feeble median greyish vitta. Setz brownish.
Head continued into rostrum without interruption, the external ridges running on to forehead, forehead not carinate in middle; rostrum not excavate, median carina not greatly raised, subtriangular in front, narrowed at base, a small fovea present on head at base of median carina; sublateral basal foveze rather deep. Eyes rotundate. Prothorax (4x5 mm.) rather strongly ampliate on sides, ocular lobes some- what feeble, disc with well-defined subapical transverse impression, median line hardly impressed; set with small rounded granules, depressed and obsolescent towards centre, becoming larger and more evident towards sides; sides granu- late. Hlytra (9x 6 mm.) ovate, apex rounded, with a small emargination at suture bounded on either side by a short mucro situated at end of third interstice; base subtruncate, humeri marked by a small tubercle, not at all advanced. Sculp- ture of disc confused, punctures small, shallow, intervening
40
ridges setigerous, not definitely granulate; interstices with small tubercles, their apices pointing backwards, suture with only a few elongate granules at base, second with four or five separate tubercles not reaching base nor extending down declivity, third with a more or less continuous row of thirteen from base extending half-way down declivity, the basal tubercles somewhat elongate, the apical ones more subconical, fourth with two or three in middle, fifth with a few at humeral angle rapidly diminishing till only traceable by a row of sete, sixth with a continuous row of twelve more rounded tubercles ; sides with rows of round rather flattened tubercles. Beneath convex. Intermediate tibize with feeble indications of a sub- apical notch.
Dim.—Q,13x6 mm.
Hab.—Victoria: Nelson (Rev. T. Blackburn).
Contrary to my usual custom, I have selected a female as the type of this species, partly because the chief specific dis- tinction hes in the mucronate elytra of this sex, partly because I have seen no male from the same locality as a female. In the Museum collection, however, there is a male from Kingston, a neighbouring town in South Australia, which, I believe, belongs to the same species. It is narrower and more elongate (135x5 mm.), and has the prothcracic granules less obso- lescent in the centre, the elytral tubercles are more elongate, below there is a golden-brown median hirsute vitta, the anterior femora are ridged beneath and the middle tabie have a strong subapical notch, also the elytra are not mucronate. The specimen is greatly abraded, but has sete of a light- yellowish colour ; this, however, appears to be a variable char- acter, as the colour differs in the females also. Apart from the mucronation there is little to distinguish this species from S. germari or S. parvulus; as, however, I have five females before me, all exhibiting the same mucronation, I can only regard this as constant and of specific value. A female from the Howitt collection, National Museum, Melbourne, belongs to this species; it is labelled S. mucronatus, Macl. It is, however, smaller (6 lines) than the dimensions given (8 lines) of S. — mucronatus, and the descriptions do not agree; unfortu- nately, the type of S. mucronatus appears to be missing.
Type in South Austrahan Museum.
4]
NOTES ON THE STRATIGRAPHY OF CENTRAL AUSTRALIA.
By Cuaries Cuewines, Ph.D., F.G.S. (Communicated by Walter Howchin.)
[Read April 2, 1914.]
Typical examples of the principal rock formations observed in the Central Australian region to the present time are as follows, viz.:—(1) Tertiary to Recent: gypsum beds of Lake Eyre, Burt Plain shale, tops of hills around Lake Eyre ( 2) ; (2) Lower Cretaceous: Lake Eyre blue shales; (3) Jurassic ( 2) : Finke River sandstones; (4) Post Ordovician: Ellery Creek conglomerate ; (5) Ordovician: South MacDonnell Ranges (in part); (6) Cambrian: South MacDonnell Ranges (in part) and MacDonnell Ranges (in part); (7) Pre-Cambrian: crystalline schists, granite, etc., of the central plateau.
TERTIARY.
The township of Oodnadatta stands upon gypseous sand- stone beds which were deposited after the Cretaceous shale beds had been eroded well down towards their present level of erosion. Its total thickness may have been 100 to 200 ft. Before erosion started on these gypsum beds only the higher levels of the valleys remained unfilled. The remnants show that the formation was laid down upon the uneven bottom and sides of the valley of the Neales River, in a continuous sheet, that stretched horizontally for many miles. The Neales River has since cut its way right through the gypsum beds and down into the former floor of the valley, perhaps another 50 ft. It would be interesting to know whether the quartzite capping to the Cretaceous beds was in existence or not when the gypsum beds were laid down. If so, fragments of the porcelainized sandstone should be found at the base of, and also in, the gypsum beds where they impinge on the Cretaceous shale, unless they were dissolved.
On the Burt Plain, a few miles south of Burt Well on the central plateau, are low-lying beds of shale and ferru- ginous sandstone, calcareous grit, indurated clay, etc. These beds occupy the bottoms of the valleys and represent the older wash as the watercourses gradually filled to the present level of the sand plains. Similar deposits occur in nearly all the valleys over the plateau, in which many successful wells have been sunk. These deposits may be of Tertiary age.
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Around Lake Eyre the tops of some of the higher hills may be composed of sandstones, etc., of Tertiary age. Reasons for not extending these Tertiary cappings far in a northerly direction are given later.
LOWER CRETACEOUS.
Mr. Brown regards the blue shale of the Lake Eyre artesian basin as Lower Cretaceous. Tate and Watt refer the same to Upper Cretaceous. The delimitation of the northern boundary is discussed in the following section. The writer includes in this section many of the tops of the hills lying north of Oodnadatta hitherto regarded as Tertiary.
JURASSIC ( ?).
The valleys of the Finke and Hale rivers, so far as at present known, furnish more evidence regarding the geological history of Central Australia than any other part. In 1897 Mr. H. Y. L. Brown, then Government Geologist in South Australia, published in a Parliamentary paper his revised reading of the several rock systems occurring there, viz. :— (1) Archean gneiss, granite, etc.; (2) Cambrian; (3) Lower Silurian; (4) Jurassic(?); (5) Lower Cretaceous; (6) Upper Cretaceous or Tertiary; (7) Recent and Tertiary. Their several equatorial extensions are delimitated in a section that accompanies the report. The report, and also the section, show clearly that Mr. Brown had altered his position in regard to one of the important rock formations, v7z., the Deep Well and Ooraminna sandstones. Formerly he classed these as Devonian (?), but herein they are, together with the Finke River sandstones, as seen between Horseshoe Bend and Goyder River, set down as Jurassic(?). To Mr. Brown belongs the credit of first noting that the Finke River sandstones dip south under the Cretaceous shales, and that they are ‘“‘intake’’ beds for the Lake Eyre artesian water supplies. The writer agrees with the extension of the Finke River sandstones northwards to Francis Well, but disagrees with the including | of the Deep Well and Ooraminna sandstones in that forma- tion for reasons set out hereafter. The Cretaceous shale for- mation is lithologically similar, from Lake Eyre to its northern boundary, a few miles north of Charlotte Waters Telegraph Station. As all observers are agreed on that point, further comment is unnecessary as to its northern margin. As to the age of the Finke River sandstones, Tate and Watt held that the Upper Cretaceous persisted as far north as Engoordina (Horseshoe Bend), and they mention _ Chambers Pillar as the most conspicuous outlier. The writer rejects Tate and Watt’s reading of this formation. They
43
appear not to have erasped the fact that the Finke River sandstones formation underlies the Cretaceous shales. Between Horseshoe Bend and Idracowra the Finke River sandstones lie conformably upon reddish and pale-coloured micaceous sandstone and shale beds. Near the contact the white and red bands alternate and show that the one passes into the other gradually, as belonging to the same formation. Good sections in evidence of this are plentiful, and the writer holds that both belong to one and the same formation. Mr. Brown separates the pink from the white, classing the former as Lower Silurian and the latter as Jurassic ( ?).
- The writer’s reading of the Finke River sandstone, etc., is as follows:—In travelling from Oodnadatta north it is first seen on the slope to the Goyder River, from Mount Daniel. It is seen all the way to Horseshoe Bend except where hidden beneath the recent sand and alluvial deposits. At the latter place it reposes on the shale beds mentioned above. In follow- ing the Alice Springs road northward from Horseshoe Bend it is seen to continue to, and to form, the hills known as Percy Hills, even to the cappings. Thus far the formation is con- tinuous. Francis Well, which lies a couple of miles north of these hills, is sunk in red sandstone. A well on the south side of the hills is sunk in similar rock. Near Depot Well, and in other places along the Hugh River, bands of calcareous sandstone are seen in the cliffs. The sandstones are also seen to carry a large percentage of pebbles and boulders (mostly quartzite), e.g., between Depot Well and Alice Well. These pebbles belong to the Finke River sandstones formation and not to the wash of the Hugh River. Between Horseshoe Bend and Old Crown Point the pebbles are much in evidence ; they are seen at Yellow Cliff and all the way to the Goyder, and for a mile or two south of the Goyder Well. The sand- stone beds carrying them then pass under the Cretaceous shales, and they are not seen to the south of Mount Daniel.
The Finke River sandstone, etc., it will thus be seen, is a continuous formation from Goyder Well to Francis Well; but north of Francis Well al! that remain are isolated flat-topped, or gently-inclined topped, hills scattered through the ranges. Examples of such occur a little north of Francis Well, as cappings on Ordovician (?) limestone; and again a little north of Breadens Dam. Three miles north of Ooraminna Water- hole, to the right of the road to Arltunga, a white sand- stone formation with siliceous limestone capping, horizontally bedded, runs for two or three miles, and perhaps for a greater distance, in a north-easterly direction. Also between Mount Undoolya and Emily Gap low hills of similar description are seen, and in and about the ranges in many places similar
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hills are met with. They probably belong to the same forma- tion. The low hills of Ordovician age are readily distinguished from these.
In travelling up the Finke River, from Horseshoe Bend, the Finke River sandstones are continuous to a spot a little north of Idracowra Station. One mile north-west of the homestead red sandstone flagstones form the north bank of the River Finke for half a mile or so. These flags probably represent an earher rock formation. A few miles farther north-west, again, similar flagstones are seen near the southern edge of the Ordovicians. It is here the Finke River sand- stones, etc., as a continuous formation, find their northern boundary on the Finke, but they occur as sporadic hills in the valleys, in and about the ranges, for many miles further to the north and north-west. These are of the same description as those already mentioned as occurring along the Alice Springs track.. Near Henbury Station a nest of these hills occurs. Between Horseshoe Bend and Idracowra the purple-shale beds belonging to this formation are much in evidence; their prominence is due to a low anticline having elevated the purple beds, the hills in places showing only a thin capping of white sandstone upon the purple shale, but they sink again near Idracowra. ‘These purple shales are the lowest visible beds in this formation. White sandstone beds follow in ascending order, then calcareous sandstone bands and pebble-bearing sandstones and thin bands of ironstone; then yellow and purple sandstones. These latter appear to mark the line between the Cretaceous shales and the Finke River sandstone series. About this horizon green glauconitic sandstones and shale bands succeed, in which J. J. East found Lingula subovalis.
The included boulders and pebbles in the sandstone beds are very numerous and well-rounded, and principally com- posed of quartz and quartzite. They represent the harder rocks in the ranges to the north. The post-Ordovician con- glomerate beds, noted later, that flank the South MacDonnell probably furnished a large proportion of the pebbles. At Crown Point these pebbles and boulders form conglomerate beds in the sandstone varying from a few inches to several feet in thickness, and they occur on inclined planes and at varying angles of dip. The sandstone shows false-bedding, in a marked degree, also. The boulders occasionally are up to a couple of tons in weight. All are well waterworn. A good example of the way the conglomerate occurs in the sand- stone may be seen in the cliff and banks of a small creek where: the telegraph line drops on to Paddy’s Well plain, six miles north of Old.Crown Point Station. There the conglomerate
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occurs running in a slanting band right up the cliff from bottom to top. Where these conglomerate bands form the tops of the hills, the tops and sides are covered with water- worn stones. Other observers have mentioned the occur- rence, but failed to note that the conglomerate bands in this Finke River sandstone were the source of the boulders and pebbles. They have nothing to do with the modern Finke River, as we now know it. The Finke River was not in existence when these conglomerate beds were formed, for they do not extend in that direction, so far as the writer is aware. They appear to have been brought by a swiftly-running river of pre-Cretaceous age, for these sandstone beds underlie the Cretaceous shale beds. Turbulent bedding characterizes the sandstone beds in which the conglomerate occurs. Tate and Watt came to the conclusion that these stones surrounded an imaginary lake that was held back by the table-topped hills at Cunningham Gorge, and that the lake-waters ultimately burst through the gorge and scattered the stones about. The absurdity of such an explanation makes one wonder whether they were serious in propounding such a theory. Later on Professor Tate set out the probability of the stones having been brought there through ice action. In the writer’s opinion the only thing not quite in accord with the ‘‘river’’ explana- tion is the presence of very large and intensely hard quartzite boulders, which, as before stated, are up to two tons in weight. But seeing that they may have been derived from the post- Ordovician conglomerate beds, a swiftly-running stream, such as the sandstones and conglomerate indicate, would meet the case. The writer has failed to find any grooves and scratch- ing on the boulders to suggest ice action, and the mode of occurrence does not suggest morainic material.
From the comparative absence of conglomerate in these beds along the Finke route (contrasted with the abundance of the same along the Hugh route), one is led to the conclusion that the main drainage from the MacDonnell Ranges formerly came by way of the latter, viz., in pre-Cretaceous times, and that the course of the Finke River and Ellery Creek through the Krichauff (James) Ranges is of more recent development. The comparatively narrow Glen of Palms, Todd Glen, and others, ¢.g., lend some weight also to this supposition. Immense erosion, of course, has taken place since the Finke assumed the present course, for at its inception it flowed over the top of the Krichauff Ranges, gradually cutting its way down through the sandstones, quartzites, limestones, and shales of which that range is composed. Great erosion trans- pired in all the older series of rocks before the Finke River sandstones, etc., hereafter mentioned (following Brown) as
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Jurassic (?), were laid down, for that formation is seen to occupy the eroded spaces. Subsequent erosion has almost completely removed the Jurassic (?) rocks from the highlands, sporadic remnants only remaining, affording evidence of the former dimensions of the formation. The remnants owe their existence, in the majority of cases, to hard cappings of quartzite, etc. When the Jurassic (?) strata were laid down the orographic features of the present Central Australian region, in a general way, were much the same as we find them to-day, subject, of course, to subsequent denudation. Erosion has now laid bare the older rocks on which the Jurassic (?) reposed, and to some extent cut deeper into them.
The writer is of opinion that the Jurassic (?) formation was the last continuous formation laid down in that part of the continent. Many of the hills hitherto classed as Tertiary, and most of the so-called Tertiary cappings and outliers in and around the Central Australian ranges and north of Mount Daniel, have no existence as such. They belong to this Jurassic (?) formation. Chambers Pillar is a typical example. The last submergence beneath the sea was in Cretaceous times, and for this reason Tertiary strata, as a continuous formation, never existed there. A little rearranged material may form the tops of some of the flat-topped hills within the area under notice, which is often permeated with secondary silica, oxide of iron, etc., forming an enduring crust. No fossils have yet been found in this formation. Like the Cretaceous, this formation is seen to have undergone considerable erosion. Before erosion set in the formation was continuous through- out the ranges; it about half filled the valleys, and the older rocks stood out from it like islands above the sea.
What movement has taken place in the ranges since the Jurassic (?) was laid down is impossible to say, but the slightly-inclined strata in the low hills occurring on the south side of the MacDonnell, east of Emily Gap, may or may not have been due to earth movements. Probably the old anta- clinal and synclinal folds have gradually yielded to pressure since the Jurassic (?) strata were formed. Between Idracowra and Horseshoe Bend is a long, low anticline; and six miles north of Crown Point evidences of earth movements are clearly apparent. At Horseshoe Bend, right where the station stands, the rocks are faulted. From these features it is evi- dent some earth movement has transpired since the beds were laid down. They are unconformable to the rocks on which they repose, but whether discordance occurs between them and the Cretaceous shales is unknown. The evidence afforded by the artesian bores south of Goyder Well leans in that direction. |
4 4
Post-Orpovicran. [DEvoNIAN (?).]
In descending order, the next known rock formation is the post-Ordovician conglomerate and sandstones with pebble- beds that flank the Ordovicians on the south, as seen on the northern edge of the Missionaries Plain, in Rudall Creek, Finke Gorge, Ellery Creek Gorge, and in the ranges east of the latter. Tate and Watt found these beds to be not less than 7,000 ft. thick at Ellery Creek Gorge. Temple Bar Well, situated 12 miles south of Alice Springs, was sunk wholly in conglomerate identical in character with the above. Five miles south of Temple Bar Well, low hills of conglomerate occur along the road to Ooraminna. These hills extend for miles in a westerly direction. The writer regards these as belonging to the same formation. Sandhills and sandplains then cover the surface until at 20 miles from Alice Springs the red-and-white sandstone hills of the Ooraminna Range are crossed. These sandstones in places are lithologically similar to the Jurassic(?), but are seen to have been faulted and disturbed to a considerable extent, and moreover, as pre- viously mentioned, three miles north of Ooraminna Waterhole stands a hill of Jurassic(?) sandstone, reposing on this Ooraminna sandstone unconformably, and surrounding it as well. The strata of the latter is much disturbed, whereas in the former it is horizontally disposed and undisturbed. The unconformity is unmistakeable, and lithologically the two series are very distinct. At 32 miles south of Alice Springs is Indembo Well. This well was sunk 200 ft. deep wholly in conglomerate, identical in appearance with that at Temple Bar. Indembo Well outcrop of conglomerate is seen to ex- tend both east and west of the well; its thickness is unknown. The writer is of opinion that this conglomerate belongs to the same series of beds as seen at Temple Bar, Ellery Creek Gorge, and elsewhere, and it will thus be seen that it occurs both north and south of Ooraminna Range, but the intervening sandhills preclude the possibility of ascertaining its strati- graphical relationship to the Ooraminna sandstones with cer- tainty. The difficulty is increased by the extensive faulting that has taken place in the Ooraminna sandstones on both sides of the range. However, the writer’s opinion is that the conglomerate beds overlie the Ooraminna sandstone, and that, formerly, the conglomerate was continuous from well to well, its absence in places being due to erosion.
The post-Ordovician conglomerate beds and the Oora- minna sandstone beds are both of some antiquity. Each par- ticipated in the disturbances that threw all the older sedimentary rock systems into anticlinal and synclinal folds. Tate and Watt observed that the post-Ordovician conglomerate
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beds reposed upon conglomeratic sandstone beds. They, and others, have noted the occurrence of pebbles, sometimes in layers, in the ‘‘upper’’ red sandstone beds of the Krichauff and other similar ranges. The same beds, with included pebbles, form the bed of Ellery Creek between the Krichauff and MacDonnell Ranges. Tate and Watt failed to discover unconformity between this red sandstone series and the Ordovician sandstones, limestones, and quartzites on which the red sandstone reposes. They discovered Ordovician fossils in the boulders of the post-Ordovician conglomerate, and rightly deduced that they must be younger than Ordovician, but they included the upper red sandstone beds in their Ordovician, as they also did the Cambrian. Mr. Brown’s former reading of the Ooraminna sandstone—which is litho- logically very similar to Krichauff Range and Ellery Creek sandstone—was ‘“probably Devonian,” but in 1897 he included it in his Jurassic (?). The author’s reasons for separating the two are already stated. Where, then, are we to place the Missionary red sandstone beds? The post-Ordovician con- glomerate reposes upon them and gradually merges into them without any apparent unconformity. Probably they belong to one and the same formation, and pending further informa- tion the author suggests they be included in post-Ordovician. The discovery of a supposed cast of Zsoarca in the sandstone from Deep Well by Tate and Watt lends some little weight towards their classification, but the sandstones there do not resemble the Ellery Creek sandstone in any marked degree; its mode of weathering resembles the Ordovician sandstone. The discovery of annelide burrows in the Deep Well sand- stones, and also in the Ooraminna sandstones, by the author proves little one way or the other. These worm tracks are very common in the Ordovician quartzites. It is also possible that either the Ooraminna or Deep Well (or both) sandstones are older than the Missionary sandstones, notwithstanding any lithological similarity they may possess. Good sections of the Ordovician and Missionary (post-Ordovician) series are seen between Parkes Pass and Hermannsburg, on the Finke. The Ordovicians are there thrown into sharp folds; the post- Ordovicians are more gently inclined. The upper series, which le within the folds of the lower, are unfortunately worn back, and the actual contact is covered with sand and loam. ORDOVICIAN.
The Ordovician system is well represented. in the MacDonnell and other ranges to the south. The rocks are composed of quartzites, sandstones, shales, limestones, etc., as seen in the South MacDonnell, in Gardiner Range, on the
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Petermann Creek, and elsewhere. The limestones and quartzites in many places have furnished ample fossiliferous evidence to set the age of these beds at rest. The limestones, etc., forming the core of the Ooraminna Range are similar to those in the James Range, but in the latter brittle hard shales and conglomerate-quartzite and slaty bands are also much in evidence. Possibly, Cambrian strata may be repre- sented there as well, but until proven the whole may well be included in Ordovician. The Ordovician rocks are well developed in the South MacDonnell, where they form flanking ranges to the Cambrians and the granitic rocks of the central plateau. They dip off the Cambrians in a southerly direction at high angles, also vertically, and in one spot they are over- folded. The strike of the strata is east-west, and the post- Ordovicians repose upon them without any appreciable uncon- formity. Tate and Watt found 1° only of difference in their angles of dip. They form the core of what is locally known as the South MacDonnell, and also the ranges to the south, where, frequently, they are seen to stand vertically. They also dip north and south of the anticlinals at varying angles, and in places form gently-undulating beds which cover ex- tensive areas. They dip under the Jurassic (?) sandstones at Francis Well, on the Hugh, and also near Idracowra, on the Finke. They extend west and south-west of George Gill Range, and run well on towards Lake Amadeus. In short, this formation has a wide distribution throughout Central Australia, the extent of which is still undetermined.
The author has not yet been able to satisfy himself that the red sandstone in which the Francis Well is sunk, and the sandstone composing Mount Charlotte—which is visible from the well—belong to the Jurassic(?) formation. The same difficulty presents itself a few miles north of Idracowra, on the Finke. There the red sandstone range to the west of the road also looks older than the Jurassic ( ?).
The eruptive rocks have not intruded the Ordovicians so far as yet observed. In all probability many of the quartzite and shale cappings of the granitic hills, scattered over the plateau, north and also south-west of the MacDonnells, are Ordovician, and much of the so-called desert sandstone (e.g., at Glen Edith) belongs here as well.
CAMBRIAN.
The Cambrian quartzites, quartz-conglomerates, dolomitic limestones, sandstones, micaceous clay slates, shales, etc., so well represented in the MacDonnell Ranges, follow next in sequence, on which the Ordovicians repose unconformably. The Cambrians, in turn, rest upon the granitic rocks of the
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Central Australian plateau. Quartzite-conglomerate fre- quently forms the lowest bed of the series, followed by quartzites, sandstones, dolomitic limestones, micaceous slates, shales, etc. The post-Ordovician, Ordovician, and the Cam- brian, together, form the flanking ranges on the south to the central plateau. The author has always held that these “anner’’ beds are Cambrian. Mr. Brown was of like opinion. Messrs. Tate and Watt, on the other hand, failed to separate them from, and included them in, their Ordovician group. They eliminated Cambrian strata altogether from the region, ‘“‘Oodnadatta to MacDonnell Ranges,’’ and claimed that the Ordovician succeeded the crystalline pre-Cambrians uncon- formably.
The South MacDonnell forms one of the most conspicuous ranges in Central Australia. Looking north from the Hermannsburg Mission Station it presents a bold and striking appearance—bare masses of rock, rising in tiers to the north, culminating in dome-shaped hills and bluffs. Viewed from east or west a succession of sharp, high peaks and serrated ridges are seen. To the westward the ranges come to an end a few miles west of Mount Tate. They run eastward, also, in similar form as far as Alice Springs, a total of 150 miles, with an average breadth of eight to ten miles. The rocks dip south, between 15° and 90°, but the average is a steep dip throughout that distance. The higher ridges are quartzite and quartzose sandstone. The limestone and shaly beds, interstratified with the quartzites, have weathered away, and now form valleys through which we may travel, with high walls of rock on either side, almost the entire length of the ranges. The age of the beds making up this mountain mass is trifold, viz., on the south, post-Ordovician; the central portion, Ordovician; and the northern, Cambrian.
From Alice Springs (Heavitree Gap), eastward, for 20 or 25 miles, the post-Ordovician and Ordovician strata are apparently absent—or, more probably, covered by alluvium— but beyond that distance they appear again and run on in un- diminished strength for many miles. The Cambrian strata, on the other hand, suffer no break, being continuous through- out. East of Alice Springs the ranges extend for 150 miles. The South MacDonnell Ranges are therefore not less than 300 miles long. The high quartzite ridge at Heavitree Gap runs east for 20 miles to Mount Undoolya; it then takes on a north-easterly course to and beyond Mount Benstead. It forms the most conspicuous and at the same time the highest part of the ranges, standing up 800 and 1,000 ft. above the plain—a bare wall of rock well above everything else. The dip is south, varying from 45° to 70°, and even steeper, in
51
places. On the north side are the granitic rocks of the plateau, on which the quartzite reposes. On the south this quartzite—which is sometimes conglomeratic—is backed up, apparently quite conformably, by massive dolomitic limestones, micaceous clay slates, shales, and thinner bands of limestone. Farther out (south) other quartzites, limestones, sandstones, shales, etc., occur. The former are seen to be much fractured, jointed, contorted, and displaced, and this is a feature of the Cambrians in contradistinction to ail other strata. Eastward from Mount Undoolya the dolomitic limestones spread them- selves out more than elsewhere, and continue so to Love Creek station. Earth movements and pressure have rendered it somewhat difficult to determine the actual contact line between the Cambrian and Ordovician; the greater dynamic and chemical effects upon the former, however, render a discrim- ination possible. The same causes have obliterated all trace of organic life except in most favourably-situated localities. Diligent search through many years failed to discover fossils in this formation, but in September, 1912, the author was fortunate enough to discover fossils in the dolomitic limestone which have since been determined by Mr. Walter Howchin, of the Adelaide University, to belong to the genus Cryptozoén.
The spot where the discovery was first made is situated about half a mile west of the old Acacia Well, on the north side of the mail road from Alice Springs to Arltunga. Acacia Well lies about ten miles south-east from Mount Ben- stead and midway between that mount and Love Creek station. It is also about ten miles west of Bitter Springs. The fossiliferous strata form the northern boundary of one of those long narrow valleys of erosion, so characteristic of the South MacDonnell Ranges. The valley is about a mile wide. On the south it is bounded by a steep-sided massive reddish- coloured range composed of limestone, shale, sandstone, quartzite, etc., rising 600 to 800 ft. above the valley. The strike of all the rocks hereabouts is, roughly, east and west, and the (estimated) dip varies between 35° and 75° to the south. The valley here, and also for several miles both east and west, is bounded on the north by a dolomitic limestone range, 500 to 800 ft. high. The well is close to the range, and the road runs under the range quite close to the fossiliferous beds, which form the outer layers that run down and meet the alluvium that covers the floor of the valley. Some of the fossiliferous layers are only 2 and 3 inches thick, while others are massive, being yards through. The aggregated thickness is considerable—as seen where small creeks break across the strata—and there is no lack of material, though good speci- mens have to be searched for. The fossiliferous strata
52
maintain the same position in regard to the range and the alluvium for four miles in an easterly direction, and one mile westerly, from Acacia Well. All the fossils seen belonged to the same genus. Owing to the well having fallen in no water was obtainable within ten miles, hence the search was a rather hurried one. Eroded specimens occur on the slope. On bare patches of rock the fossils are plainly visible, and where the strata are broken across they are seen to penetrate the rock at right angles to the bedding planes, in much the same way that annelid burrows frequently do. The range is composed of hard blue and grey dolomitic crystalline lime. stone, in which the fossils occur, and the strata are less disturbed and less altered than elsewhere.
The same dolomitic lmestone persists to the westward for over 150 miles; it also runs in an easterly direction for many miles. The east and west quartzite range, that forms the northern boundary of this dolomitic limestone, also forms the southern boundary of the granitic plateau and, as before stated, is the most striking physical feature in the MacDonnell Ranges. It supplies a number of the highest peaks, and many of the romantic-looking gorges, and, as a wall of rock, is probably unique. Mount Benstead is one of the peaks. The view from Acacia Well is one of steep-sided and rugged mountains in all directions. The ranges to the south are probably Ordovician.
PRE-CAMBRIAN.
The central plateau is, for the most part, composed of eneiss, schist, and granitic rocks, and hes north of Alice Springs. It is a ‘‘central boss’’ of wholly crystalline rocks, both igneous and sedimentary—principally the former. A feature is that, in places, the rocks have a definite and deter- minable dip, but the planes may be either those of stratification, cleavage, or foliation.
53
ON AN HEMIPTEROUS INSECT FROM AN AUSTRALIAN OPOSSUM’S NEST.
By E. Bercrotu, M.D. (Communicated by A. M. Lea.)
[Read April 2, 1914.]|
Specimens of the species dealt with in this paper were- kindly communicated to me for determination by Professor K. C. Stirling, Director of the South Australian Public Museum. They were found under so interesting circumstances that the following report referring to their occurrence may be quoted from The Adelaide Observer of March 8, 1913 :— “In preparing opossums in as life-like surroundings as pos- sible for the new gallery, the Museum taxidermists found it desirable to procure a hollow limb, and obtained one near Adelaide. On sawing it off the limb was found to contain an opossum’s nest, with the opossum (Trichosurus vulpecula, Kerr) at home in it. On further examination the nest was found to be swarming with insect hfe. Among these were noted thousands of larve of a small moth; thousands of Acaride, or. mites, and Psocide, or book-lice; two kinds of tick, one a very peculiar sort; several interesting beetles, one of which is new to Science; and hundreds of a bug in all its stages. This last-named insect smells exactly like the bed- bug, but when matured is winged. It appears, however, to have the same unpleasant habits, as most of the larve and some of the mature specimens appeared to be gorged with blood. Seven pupz of two kinds of flies were obtained, and many unidentified larve; of these latter two are very curious, and they probably belong to one of the lace-winged flies, of which some extremely beautiful species are known in South Australia. It is hoped, therefore, to rear some of the larve. to the mature forms.” The bugs mentioned in the above notice proved to belong to a new species of the genus Clerada, Sign., of the family W/yodochide. Although the type of this genus is widely distributed both in the Old and the New World, nothing is known of the habits of it or of any other species of the genus, and only solitary specimens of them seem to have been taken. On the whole, very little is known of the food of the I/yodochide, and although most of them are supposed to be phytophagous, exceptions from this rule doubtless occur. It is quite possible that the new Clerada is a regular inhabitant of opossums’ nests, but, if so, I think this must be regarded as an acquired habit. The Clerada,.
54
no doubt, finds plenty of food in the opossum’s nest, but it is very unlikely that a member of this family draws blood from a warm-blooded animal. It is much more probable that it sucks out the Tineid and other soft-skinned larve so common in its haunt, unless it simply feeds on decaying vegetable matters in the nest. From the fact that the soft swollen abdomen of the larve is red in colour (like that of so many other Myodochid larve) and that the middle of the venter is often reddish in the imagines, it was hastily inferred that they were “gorged with blood.”
CLERADA NIDICOLA, 0. sp.
Black, above glabrous, both above and beneath very finely and thickly punctured ; basal border of pronotum and posterior angles of proplure tawny; the commissure, suture, and scutellar margin of the clavus also tawny, but very nar- rowly so; membrane greyish-fuscous; rostrum, orificia, middle of venter, and legs yellowish-ferruginous; trochanters black at tip; apex of femora and the whole tibiz somewhat infuscated ; antennz black or fuscous, last joint, except a narrow sub- basal ring, very pale testaceous. Head as long as pronotum and as broad as it is long, the postocular part rounded on the sides, ocelli almost touching the eyes, vertex more than twice broader than an eye; the eyes seen from above much longer than broad; rostrum reaching posterior margin of second ventral segment ; first joint of antenne scarcely passing apex of head, second joint three times longer than first, third a little longer than first, fourth half as long again as the third joint or somewhat longer. Pronotum at apex distinctly broader than the head and a little broader than its own median length, at base about one-half broader than at apex, transversely impressed before the middle, the impression more pronounced at the sides, lateral margins a little reflected, scarcely or very slightly sinuated. Scutellum in the basal half with a transverse impression, in the apical half with a longitudinal median keel. Hemelytra in the male very slightly passing apex of abdomen, in the female reaching base of dorsal genital segment, the claval commissure as long as the scu- tellum. Abdomen beneath with scattered hairs along the apical margin of the segments; male genital segment viewed from behind deeply arcuately sinuate, the apical margin somewhat angularly prominent in the middle, the claspers crossed, pale-ferruginous. First joint of hind tarsi distinctly longer than the two other joints together. Length: 3, 7 mame), 3 nam:
South Australia (near Adelaide), in nest of Trichosurus vulpecula, Kerr.
55
This species is closely allied to C. laticollis, Horv., but is: distinguished from it by the much broader vertex. Dr. Horvath, who has kindly compared specimens of mdicola with the type of laticollis in the Budapest Museum, writes to me that /aticollis differs from the new species also in the following characters: —The upper side is still more finely and densely punctulate, the lateral margins of the pronotum are more distinctly reflexed, the orange-yellow basal border of the pro- notum is strongly dilated exteriorly and thereby the humeral angles are very broadly yellow, this colour being narrowly extended even along the lateral margins through three-fourths their length; and the legs are brownish, with only the coxe, trochanters (except their black tip), and tarsi yellow. There are also some minor differences in the mutual length of the antennal joints. Horvath also writes that the female specimen standing in the Vienna Museum under the name /aticollis may possibly, upon closer examination, prove to belong to nidicola.
The colour of the larve of (. nidicola is fuscous-black, but the abdomen is red, with the two or three last dorsal segments in the middle greenish-testaceous in hue; only in the youngest larve the abdomen is, at least sometimes, en- tirely black. In the oldest larve the apical flaps of the hemelytral parts of the scuto-tegmen are testaceous. The antenne are brownish-testaceous, with the last joint (except a narrow basal ring) much paler. The legs are of a livid testaceous colour. The head is considerably longer than broad with much smaller eyes than in the imago and with no trace of ocelli even in the full-grown larve ; in the youngest larve the eyes scarcely project beyond the postocular margins of the head, and the distance between the eyes is eight times broader than an eye. Rostrum notably longer than in the imago, reaching or slightly passing the middle of the venter. Antennze constructed almost as in the imago, but in the youngest larve with the second joint comparatively shorter, being scarcely longer than the last joint. The larve before me belonging to the younger stages are in so poor condition that their other structural characters cannot be properly made out, but the two last stages show the following additional characters : —
Fourth Stage.—Distance beween eyes six times broader than an eye. Pronotum three times broader than long in the middle, lateral margins narrowly reflexed, the transverse im- pression placed far behind the middle, anterior lobe more than three times longer than posterior lobe, with an impressed longitudinal median line not quite reaching the apical margin, and with a foveate impression on each side of the disk. Scutellum coalescent with the tegmina, but separated from
56
them by an obtuse impression, and with a more or less im- pressed, sometimes paler, longitudinal median line; tegmina divergent, reaching the first dorsal abdominal segment, rounded at apex, their exterior margin reflexed, the inner (apical) margin oblique, angularly sinuate somewhat outside the apex of the scutellum, clavus not separated from corium. Length, 4-4-4 mm.
Fifth Stage.—Distance between eyes five times broader than an eye. Pronotum two times and a half broader than long in the middle, in other points as in the fourth stage. Scutellum as in the fourth stage; tegmina directed backwards, reaching a little beyond the base of the third dorsal abdominal segment, broadly rounded at apex, the inner (apical) margin parallel to the longitudinal axis of the body, arcuately sinuate somewhat outside apex of scutellum; structure of tegmina otherwise as in the fourth stage. Length, 5 mm.
Of this genus eight species are now known, five of which occur in Australia. As Australian entomologists may find C’. ndicola or other species of the genus by examining opossum nests when opportunity arises, I think it useful to give a key to the Australian species with indications of the papers where complete descriptions of them can be found : —
1. (2) Head distinctly longer than broad and as broad as apex of pronotum, sides of its postocular part straight, ocelli somewhat distant from the eyes, first antennal joint passing apex of head by half its length. Brownish testaceous, antennee fuscous with the last joint whitish, corium more or less obscurely infuscated on disk... apicicornis, Sign.
2. (1) Head as long as broad or little longer, sides of its postocular part rounded, ocelli contiguous to the eyes or almost so.
3. (4) First antennal joint passing apex of head by ‘half its length. Pro- notum at apex as broad as the head. Ferruginous, including last antennal joint, but membrane fuscous with a whitish streak at the exterior basal angle... ... ferruginea, Horv.
4. (3) First antennal joint scarcely or not much passing apex of head. Ground-colour black. Membrane fuscous, unicolorous.
(8) Pronotum at apex conspicuously broader than head, its basal bor- der yellowish. Last antennal joint, except a narrow black basal ring, very pale testaceous.
or
57
6. (7) Vertex one-half broader than an
eye. Yellowish basal border of
pronotum. strongly dilated at
humeral angles .. .. laticotlis, Horv. 7. (6) Vertex more than twice broader
than an eye. Yellowish basal
border of pronotum not dilated
at humeral angles ... .. nidicola, Bergr. 8. (5) Pronotum at apex not br oader than
head, its humeral angles red.
Last antennal joint black with a
rather broad white subbasal ring rufangula, Berger.
CLERADA.
Signoret in Maillard, Notes sur l’Ile de la Réunion, Ins., p. 28 (1863); Stal, Hem. Afr. ii., 155 (1865); Distant, Rhynch. Brit. Ind. ii., 45 (1903).
1. Cl. apicicornis, Sign., l.c., pl. xx., fig. 8; Stal and Distant, Il. cc. ; Horv., Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung. vii., 622 (1909); Gastrodes terminalis, Walk., Cat. Hem. Het. Brit. Mus. v., 122 (1872).
Australia (without precise locality). Almost cosmopoli- tan, but not found in the palearctic and nearctic regions.
2. Cl. ferruginea, Horv., Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung. vii., 624 (1909).
Australia (without definite locality).
3. Cl. laticollis, Horv., l.c.
Queensland (Mackay). 4. Cl. nidicola, Bergr., supra. - South Australia (Adelaide).
5. Cl. rufangula, Bergr., Proc. Roy. Soc. Victoria vii., 295 (1895).
Western Australia.
Of the three remaining species two are known from New Guinea and one from Borneo.
Turtola, Finland, November, 1913.
58
AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA PROCTOTRYPOIDEA. No. 2.
By Auan P. Dopp. (Communicated by A. M. Lea.)
[Read May 14, 1914.]
Family SCELIONIDA. Subfamily BAGIN AL.
This subfamily appears to be well represented in Austra- lia. In this paper all the previously-described species from Australia are brought together, and two new genera and thirty-two new species are described, thus bringing the known ‘species of the subfamily in Australia to a total of forty-seven.
Of the species described here, four were received from the South Australian Museum, the others being captured by Mr. A. A. Girault and myself in North Queensland. With one exception, I have not identified any male specimens.
The magnification used throughout was 3-in. objective, l-in. optic, Bausch and Lomb.
Table of Genera.
Females. (1) Antennal club solid; the antenne : not more than 7-jointed a (2) Antennal club divided; the antenne more than 7 -jointed ie (12)
(2) Antenne with 1 ring, 3 funicle- joints; otherwise as in Acolus,
Foerster... 1. Acolomorpha, Dodd Antenne with no . ring, ‘4 funicle- joints Se RL at een Nh RemENMA De eh a wretarts” CCG} (3) maneed ETOAC Meee ree rar ea ren (4) Wingless a (10) (4) Forewings with only < a " submarginal yen . 2. Aphanomerus, Perkins
Forewings with at least submar- ginal, marginal, and stigmal veins (5)
(5) Postmarginal wer absent)... oO) Postmarginal vein present... . (8) (6) Basal abdominal segment with a lovoigrale iene 3. Ceratobeus, Ashmead Basal abdominal segment without a horn 2: : (7) (7) Abdomen “sessile ; maxillary palpi 2-jointed .. 4. Acolus, Foerster
Abdomen petiolate; maxillary palpi A-jointed ... ... 0. Acoloides, Howard
‘ 59
(8) Basal abdominal horn Z. Basal abdominal segment without a horn . ad ae ee (9) Abdomen sessile ... Abdomen petiolate (10) Seutellum absent Scutellum present .. (11) Basal abdominal segment with a Hob. Rene abdominal ‘segment. without a
Beeronh with a
hor (12) Me teelal funicle. 4-jointed Bh a a Antennal funicle 5-jointed ; wingless (13) Wingless; scutellum absent ; anten- nal club 4-jointed . P és Winged; scutellum present ete (14) Basal abdominal segment with a horn; antennal club 4-jointed; parapsidal furrows absent . Basal abdominal segment without a horn; antennal club 6-jointed ; parapsidal furrows present... (15) Seutellum present Scutellum absent
6. Odontacolus, Kieffer (9)
7. Dyscritobeus, Perkins. 8. Pseudobeus, Perkins 9. Beus, Haliday
(11)
3. Ceratobeus, Ashmead 10. Psilacolus, Kieffer (13)
(15)
11. Parabeus, Wieffer (14)
12. Ceratobeoides, Dodd
. Thoron, Haliday . Mirobeus, nov. gen.
ACOLOMORPHA MINUTA, Dodd, 1913.
@. Shining-black ; 0-75 mm.
legs and antennz black.
Length,
/Tab.—North Queensland: Nelson, forest.
Type.—Il. 1948, South Australian Museum.
on a slide.
APHANOMERUS () AUREUS,
A female
Dodd, 1913:
Q. Differs from pusillus, Perkins, in its larger and more:
robust form, its rather darker colour,
and in having the ab-
domen no longer than wide (fully one-half longer than wide
in pusillus). Length, 1°30 mm.
Hab.—North Queensland: Nelson, forest.
Type.—l. 1949, South Australian Museum.
on a Slide.
APHANOMERUS BICOLOR, Bred from leafhopper eggs.”
“Queensland. Common.
A female
Perkins.
I have caught this species at Nelson and Kuranda, near Cairns..
APHANOMERUS NIGER, Perkins. “Queensland: Bundaberg. Bred from Fulgorid eggs.”
(1) This genus appears to belong to the family Platygasteride,
. Mirobeoides, nov. gen.
since it has all the characters of that family except the solid antennal club. Its position in that family is apparently firmly established through its relationship with the genus A phanomerella,, Dodd
60
APHANOMERUS PUSILLUS, Perkins. “Queensland. Very common. Bred from eggs of ‘Siphanta.”’ Eight females on a slide which are, no doubt, this species, were received from the Queensland Museum and labelled: ‘“‘Brisbane, H. Hacker.”’ The species has also been captured at Nelson.
APHANOMERUS FLAVUS, Sp. nov.
Like pusillus, Perkins, but the head is concolourous with the body, the eyes and ocelli being black; in pusdllus the first funicle-joint is distinctly longer than wide, in flavus it is not or scarcely longer than wide. ‘The forewings of both species are long; moderately broad, the margins equally in- clined, hyaline; marginal cilia short; discal cilia fine and dense. Antennz 7-jointed; scape long, equal to next five joints combined ; pedicel long, two and a half times as long as wide; funicle-joints much narrower than the pedicel, all small; club almost twice as long as wide, two-thirds as long as the scape. Length, 1 mm.
Hab.—North Queensland: Nelson, Rossville. A very ‘common species at Nelson, where it has been bred from Ful- gorid eggs. One female was caught at Rossville, January 15, OM CAS VAS Gara):
Type.—Il. 1950, South Australian Museum. A female on ‘a slide.
APHANOMERUS RUFESCENS, Perkins.
“Queensland: Cairns. Bred from Fulgorid eggs.” I have taken this species at Nelson by sweeping in the forest. It resembles flavus, but the head and thorax are black. Also ‘captured at Brisbane by Mr. H. Hacker.
APHANOMERUS SORDIDUS, sp. nov.
Q. Like rufescens, Perkins, but the abdomen is dark- brown and the antennz are wholly black; in rufescens, all the joints (except the club) are bright-yellow. Length, 0-390 mm.
Hab.—North Queensland: Nelson. Three females sweep- ing in forest, slopes of hills, July 9, 1913 (A. P. Dodd).
Type.—I1. 1951, South Australian Museum. A female on a slide. .
APHANOMERUS NIGRICEPS, sp. nov.
@. like sordidus, Dodd, but the abdomen is bright- brown, the mesonotum and scutellum are dark-brown, the metanotum and thorax ventrad light-brown. Length, ‘0°90 mm.
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Hab.—North Queensland: Halifax, one female sweep- ing grass, February 28, 1913 (A. A. Girault) ; and Pentland, two females sweeping in forest, January 4, 1913 (A. A. Girault).
Type.—I. 1952, South Australian Museum. A female on a slide.
CERATOBHUS LEAI, sp. nov.
Q. Dark brownish-yellow; eyes, ocelli, antennal club, and the abdomen (except first segment) almost black; rest of antennz and the legs golden-yellow. Head transverse, much wider than the thorax; eyes large, bare; ocelli in a triangle, the lateral ones touching the eye margins; mandibles triden- tate. Thorax one-half longer than wide; pronotum slightly visible from above; mesonotum finely sculptured, without parapsidal furrows; scutellum small, semicircular. Abdomen with a short petiole; wider and longer than the thorax; first segment short, transverse, with a cylindrical horn projecting over the thorax as far as the apex of the scutellum; third segment the longest, equal to two-fifths abdominal length ; basal segment and its horn striate, rest of thorax finely poly- gonally sculptured. Antenne 7-jointed ; scape equal to pedicel and funicle-joints combined ; pedicel one-half longer than wide ; funicle-joints much narrower than the pedical; first a little longer than wide ; 2-4 short, transverse ; club very large, one- half longer than wide, as long as the scape. Forewings rudi- mentary ; scarcely reaching the abdomen, visible only as thick hairs. Length, 1:10 mm.
Hab.—South Queensland: Mount Tambourine. Described from two females labelled: “Rotting leaves; A. M. Lea.’’ I have much pleasure in naming this curious species after the discoverer.
Type.—lI. 1953, South Australian Museum. Two females on a tag, plus a slide bearing head and antenne.
CERATOBHUS FLAVICORPUS, sp. nov.
©. Head, thorax, and horn on abdomen _ brownish- yellow; abdomen and legs golden-yellow; antenne dusky- yellow; eyes and ocelli black. Head a little wider than the thorax ; thorax a little wider than long. Abdomen pointed ovate, not as wide as the thorax; a little longer than the head and thorax combined ; abdomen wholly striate ; horn as in the preceding species. Antennz almost as in /eai, Dodd. Fore- wings moderately long and broad; hyaline; submarginal vein attaining the costa about the middle of the wing; marginal vein short; stigmal vein rather long, oblique. Length, 1:00 mm.
62
Hlab.—North Queensland: Nelson. Described from seve- ral specimens caught by sweeping grass on edge of jungle.
Type.—I. 1954, South Australian Museum. A female on a slide.
CERATOBAUS LONGICORNUTUS, sp. nov.
Q. Differs from flavicorpus, Dodd, in having a longer horn on the abdomen, the horn projecting as far as the centre of the mesonotum. Length, 1:10 mm.
/lab.—North Queensland: Nelson. Described from seve- ral specimens caught by sweeping grass in forest.
Type.—I. 1955, South Australian Museum. A female on a slide.
CERATOBZUS PARVICORNUTUS, Sp. nov.
©. Differs from flavicorpus, Dodd, in its lighter colour- ation ; in having the abdomen a little wider than the thorax ; the horn on the basal segment being small, scarcely more than a tubercle. Forewings as in flavicorpus. Antenne 7-jointed ; pedicel slender, twice as long as wide; first funicle- joint slightly shorter and narrower than the pedicel, almost twice as long as wide; 2-4 short, transverse; club very large, two and a half times as long as wide, as long as the scape. Length, 1°25 mm.
Hab.—North Queensland: Nelson. Described from a single specimen caught on a window, January, 1912 (A. A. Girault).
Type.—I. 1956, South Australian Museum. A female on a slide.
CERATOBHUS FASCIATUS, sp. nov.
@. Golden-yellow; horn on abdomen dusky-biack ; ab- domen with two dark bands; eyes and ocelli black. Abdomen _ distinctly longer than the head and thorax combined; horn on basal segment projecting as far as apex of scutellum. An- tenn as in flavicorpus. Forewings as in flavicorpus, but the last third of wing, and a band at the stigmal vein infuscated. Length, 1-40 mm.
Hab.—North Queensland: Yungaburra, 2,400 ft. De- scribed from one specimen caught by sweeping in and on edge of jungle, December 30, 1912 (A. A. Girault).
Type.—I. 1957, South Australian Museum. A female on a slide, with the type of girault:, Dodd.
CERATOBHUS GIRAULTI, sp. nov.
Q. Head and thorax black; abdomen brown; legs and antenne dusky-yellow. Antenne as in parvicornutus, Dodd. Forewings as in parvicornutus, but the stigmal vein is shorter
63
than usual. Abdomen scarcely as long as the head and thorax combined ; horn as in fasciatus, Dodd. Length, 1:05 mm. Hab.—North Queensland: Yungaburra, 2,400 ft. De- scribed from one specimen taken with fasciatus, Dodd. Type.—I. 1958, South Australian Museum. A female on a slide, with the type of fasciatus, Dodd.
CERATOBEZUS FASCIATIVENTRIS, sp. nov.
@. Golden-yellow, with darker bands at the joinings of the abdominal segments; antennal club fuscous; eyes and ocelli black. Abdomen distinctly wider than the thorax; longer than the head and thorax combined; horn on basal segment short, blunt. Antenne and forewings as in parvi- cornutus. Length, 1°50 mm.
Hab.—North Queensland: Proserpine. Described from one specimen caught on a window, November 4, 1912 (A. A. Girault). Later a female was found caught on a window, Ingham, February 16, 1913 (A. A. Girault).
Type.—I. 1959, South Australian Museum. A female on a slide.
CERATOBZUS VARICORNIS, sp. nov.
Q@. Black; mesonotum and scutellum golden-yellow ; abdomen bright-brown ; legs, golden-yellow; antenne golden- yellow, the pedicel black. Abdomen no wider than the thorax; as long as the head and thorax united; first and second segments striate; third segment equal to one-half ab- dominal length, finely, densely punctured ; horn on basal seg- ment projecting as far as apex of scutellum. Antenne 7-jointed ; scape very long, equal to pedicel and funicle- _ joints united ; pedicel long, two and a half times as long as wide; first funicle-joint nearly as long as the pedicel but much narrower, fully three times as long as wide; second scarcely longer than wide; third as wide as long ; fourth wider than long; club fully twice as long as wide, as long as the funicle. Forewings long; broad; hyaline; marginal cilia moderately long ; discal cilia fine and dense ; submarginal vein attaining the costa a little before the middle of the wing; stigmal vein very long, scarcely oblique; venation yellow. Length, 1:75 mm.
Hab.—North Queensland: Nelson. Described from one specimen caught by sweeping in forest, July 1, 1913 (Alan P. Dodd).
Type.—l. 1960, South Australian Museum. A female, tagmounted, plus a slide bearing head, antenne, and fore- wings.
64
CERATOBZUS MIRABILIS, sp. nov.
Q. Black; abdomen dark-brown; sides of abdomen, legs (except the coxe), and antennze lemon-yellow ; femora suffused with black. Structure as in varicornis, Dodd, but the horn ~ on the abdomen projects over the thorax as far as the head ; it fits into a groove on the thorax, but can readily be separated from the thorax; the horn is finely rugulcse. Antennz 7-joimted ; pedicel not twice as long as wide; funicle-joints all small, first a little longer than wide ; 2-4 short, transverse ; club scarcely longer than wide. Forewings as in varicornis, but the venation is fuscous and the basal vein is distinct. Length, 1°50 mm.
HTab.—North Queensland: Pentland. Described from one specimen caught by sweeping in forest, January 4, 1913 (A. A. Girault).
Type.—Il. 1961, South Australian Museum. A female, tagmounted, plus a slide bearing head, antennz, and fore- wings.
CERATOBZUS GRANDIS, Dodd, 1913.
Q. Differing from flavicorpus, Dodd, in its much larger size, and the antennz are different, the first funicle-joint be- ing as long as the pedicel, and fully four times as long as wide. Length, 2°10 mm.
Hlab.—North Queensland: Nelson.
Type.—l. 1962, South Australian Museum. A female on a tag, plus a slide bearing head, antennz, and forewings.
CERATOBZUS AUREUS, Dodd, 1913.
Q. Differing from parvicornutus, Dodd, mainly in the shorter pedicel and first funicle-joint. Length, 1 mm.
ITab.—North Queensland: Nelson.
Type.—lI. 1963, South Australian Museum. A female on a slide.
CERATOBEZUS ELONGATUS, Dodd, 1913.
Q. Head and thorax black; abdomen bright yellowish- brown; horn on abdomen black, but brown at base; legs and antenne golden-yellow. Abdomen very long and slender; horn on basal segment very long. Length, 1°75 mm.
Hab.—-North Queensland: Nelson.
Type.—I. 1964, South Australian Museum. A female on a tag, plus a slide bearing head, antenne, and forewings.
CERATOBHUS MACULATUS, Dodd, 1913.
@. Yellow, with a spot on each side of abdomen at the centre, and apex of abdomen black. Horn on abdomen reach- ing to apex of scutellum. Antenne and forewings as in parvicornutus, Dodd. Length, 1:40 mm.
65
Hab.—North Queensland: Nelson. Type.—I. 1965, South Australian Museum. A female on a slide.
CERATOBEUS SETOSUS, sp. nov.
©. Black; tibie and tarsi reddish-brown. Head, thorax, and abdomen (except the first three segments dorsad), covered with dense, short, greyish pubescence. Head slightly wider than thorax; eyes hairy; mandibles tridentate. Thorax one- half longer than wide. Abdomen distinctly longer and wider than the thorax; first three segments striate; third segment occupying one-third the surface; horn on first segment short, blunt. Antennz 7-jointed; scape longer than pedicel and funicle-joints combined; pedicel two and a half times as long as wide; funicle-joints much narrower than pedicel, first a little longer than wide, 2-4 very short, transverse; club twice as long as wide, nearly as long as scape. Forewings barely reaching apex of abdomen; broad; infuscated, the in- fuscation not uniform, deepest in centre of wing ; submarginal vein attaining costa about middle of wing; marginal vein
-
punctiform ;
stigmal vein very long, scarcely oblique ;
basal
vein distinct, perpendicular ; venation black. Length, 1°50 mm.
Hab.—North Queensland: Nelson.
Described from one
female caught on a window, October 29, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). Type.—I1. 1966, South Australian Museum. A female on a tag, plus a slide bearing head, antennz, and forewings.
Table of Australian Species of Ceratobeus, Ashmead.
Females. (1) Wings rudimentary Wings fully developed .. (2) Major colour black, or dark-brown Major colour yellow, or bright-brown (3) Basal vein not visible : horn on ab- domen reaching apex of scutellum Basal vein distinct ... . (4) Horn on abdomen reaching to the head , Horn on abdomen. short, “blunt (5) Abdomen no longer than head and thorax united . Abdomen twice as Tong as head and thorax united . (6) Head, metathorax, ventrad, black hs Head and thorax uniform bright- yellow a (7) reas ings with two bands Forewings not banded... (8) Abdomen marked with black . Abdomen uniformly yellow D
; and thorax
Dodd
leat,
( (3) (6)
giraultt, (4)
(5)
setosus,
Dodd
Dodd Dodd elongatus, Dodd
mirabilis,
varicornis, Dodd
(Qe) fasciatus, Dodd (8)
(9) (10)
66
(9) Abdomen with bands at the seg- mental sutures ie fasciativentris, Dodd Abdomen with a spot on each side at the centre, and the apex, black maculatus, Dodd (10) Horn on abdomen reaching to
centre of mesonotum ... .. longicornutus, Dodd Horn on abdomen reaching apex
of scutellum ... Lao) Horn on abdomen short, blunt Oe amallton)
(11) First funicle-joint as long as pedi- cel, and fully four times as long as wide .. bee VorTandis. Doda First funicle- joint much shorter than pedicel, and only a little longer than wide ... flavicorpus, Dodd (12) Pedicel one-half longer than ‘wide: first funicle-joint no longer than wide; forewings rather narrow ... aureus, Dodd Pedicel fully twice as long as wide; first funicle-joint almost twice as long as wide; forewings broad ... parvicornutus, Dodd
CERATOBZOIDES HACKERI, Dodd, 1913. @. Reddish-brown ; eyes and ocelli black ; antennze some- what dusky ; legs golden-yellow. Length, 1:75 mm. Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane. Type.—Hy. 1630, Queensland Museum, Brisbane. A fe- male on a slide.
CERATOBHOIDES LONGICEPS, Dodd, 1913.
@. Reddish-brown; head black; abdomen, except first segment, black. Length, 1:50 mm.
Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane.
Type.—Hy. 1631, Queensland Museum, Brisbane. A fe- male on a slide.
ACOLUS SEMINITIDUS, sp. nov.
QO. Head and thorax shining-black; abdomen, legs, and antenne golden-yellow. Head transverse, a little wider than the thorax. Thorax one-half longer than wide, finely poly- gonally sculptured; mesonotum without furrows. Abdomen sessile ; as long as head and thorax united ; no wider than the thorax, wholly longitudinally striate; first segment short, transverse ; second a little longer; third the longest segment but no longer than first and second combined. Antenne 7-joimted, scape equal to pedicel and funicle-joints united, pedicel scarcely longer than wide; funicle joints small, much narrower than the pedicel ; first a little longer than wide; 2-4 transverse ; club large, scarcely longer than wide. Forewings rather long; broad; hyaline; submarginal vein terminating about the middle of the wing; marginal vein short; stigmal vein long, oblique; venation yellow. Length, 1 mm.
67
Hab.—North Queensland: Nelson. Described from seve- ral specimens caught while sweeping in forest. Type.—lI. 1967, South Australian Museum. A female on a slide. ACOLUS MAGNUS, sp. nov.
Q. Head and thorax deep golden-yellow ; abdomen, legs, and antenne lemon-yellow; eyes and ocelli black. Thorax scarcely longer than wide. Abdomen as wide as the thorax ; as long as the head and thorax united ; first and second seg- ments striate; third segment equal to one-half abdominal length, finely rugulose. Antenne 7-jointed; scape equal to pedicel and funicle-joints united; pedicel twice as long as wide ; funicle-joints much narrower than the pedicel; first a little longer than wide; 2-4 transverse; club large, as long as the scape. Forewings as in seminitidus, Dodd, but the marginal vein is thickened, very distinct, and the stigmal vein is almost perpendicular. Length, 1°30 mm.
Hab.—North Queensland: Nelson. Described from a single specimen caught while sweeping grass in forest, Decem- ber 29, 1912 (Alan P. Dodd).
Type.—Il. 1968, South Australian Museum. A female on a slide.
ACOLUS OVI, sp. nov.
QO. Like magnus, Dodd, but the colouration is deeper ; the pedicel and funicle-joints of the antennz are dusky-black ; the abdomen is distinctly wider than the thorax; the first and second abdominal segments are shorter, the third occupy- ing four-fifths of the abdominal length, and the stigmal vein is more oblique. Length, 110 mm.
Hab.—North Queensland: Nelson. Described from a single specimen taken from a spider’s egg-bag, forest, Sep- tember 3, 1912 (A. A. Girault).
Type.—Il. 1969, South Australian Museum. A female on a slide.
ACOLUS ANGUSTIPENNIS, sp. nov.
Q. Like ov, Dodd, but the antennz are wholly yellow; the forewings in ov: extend a little beyond apex of abdomen, they extend well beyond apex of abdomen in angustipennis ; they are narrower ; the submarginal vein attains the costa be- fore the middle of the wing, and the stigmal vein is more oblique. Length, 1 mm.
Hab.—North Queensland: Nelson. Described from one specimen caught by sweeping low vegetation, forest, April 24, 1912 (A. A. Girault).
Type.—Il. 1970, South Australian Museum. A female on a slide.
D2
68
ACOLUS FLAVIOS, sp. nov.
Q. Like magnus, Dodd, but differs in having the pedicel slender, two and a half times as long as wide; first funicle- joint two and a half times as long as wide; pedicel, funicle- joints, and club dusky-black. Length, 1°40 mm.
Hab.—North Queensland: Ayr, Nelson, and Kuranda. Described from one specimen taken on window of blacksmith’s shop, Ayr, November 6, 1912 (A. A. Girault); one female sweeping grass on edge of jungle, Kuranda, December 20, 1912 (A. P. Dodd); and several females caught by sweeping grass in forest. Nelson, June-July, 1913 (A. P. Dodd).
Type.—tl. 1971, South Australian Museum. A female on a slide.
ACOLUS UNIFASCIATIPENNIS, sp. nov.
Q. Like magnus, Dodd, but the forewings extend well beyond apex of abdomen, a single transverse band crosses the wing at the stigmal vein. Length, 1 mm.
Hab.—North Queensland: Rossville. Described from one femaie caught on a window, February 23, 1912 (A. A. Girault) ; also one female sweeping on edge of jungle, Kur- anda, September 14, 1913 (A. P. Dodd).
Type.—l. 1972, South Austrahan Museum. A female on a slide.
ACOLUS PULCHER, sp. nov.
Q. like the preceding species but the forewings are narrower, a little infuscated, the band is darker, the pedicel is more slender, and the first funicle-joint is long and slender, twice as long as wide. Length, 1°25 mm.
Hab.—North Queensland: Nelson. Described from two females caught by sweeping on edge of jungle, May 10, 1913 (A. P. Dodd).
Type.—I. 1973, South Australian Museum. A female on a slide.
ACOLUS SORDIDUS, sp. nov.
@. Black; abdomen somewhat suffused with brown ; legs and antennz suffused with yellow. Antennz 7-jointed ; scape equal to next five joints combined; pedicel scarcely longer than wide; funicle-joints minute, all wider than long; club a little longer than wide, nearly as long as the scape. Fore- wings reaching apex of abdomen ; moderately broad ; hyaline ; marginal cilia rather short; discal cilia fine and dense; sub- marginal vein attaining the costa about the middle of the wing; marginal vein one-half as long as the stigmal, which is rather long, almost perpendicular ; venation brown. Length, 0°85 mm. :
69
Hab.—North Queensland: Nelson. Described from one specimen caught by sweeping in forest, July 9, 1913 (A. P. Dodd).
T'ype.—I. 1974, South Australian Museum. A female on a slide.
ACOLUS FLAVIPES, Dodd.
@. Black; first abdominal segment, legs, and antennz honey-yellow. Basal vein not present. Length, 1:10 mm.
/Tab.—North Queensland: Nelson, common on windows.
Type.—l. 1975, South Australian Museum. A female on a slide.
ACOLUS SILVENSIS, Dodd.
Q. At once distinguished from flavipes, Dodd, in having the basal vein present and distinct. Length, 1°30 mm.
Hab.—North Queensland: Nelson, jungle. ;
Type.—l. 1976, South Australian Museum. A female on a slide.
AcOoLUS AMPLUS, Dodd.
Q. Belongs to the yellow group of species, but differs from all its allies in having the femora and tibize, as well as the antennal scape and club and apex of abdomen, dusky- brown. Length, 1°30 mm.
Hab.—North Queensland: Nelson, forest.
Type.—\. 1977, South Australian Museum. A female on a tag, plus a slide bearing head, antennz, and forewings.
ACOLUS BRUNNEUS, sp. nov.
Q. Head and thorax black ; abdomen brown ; legs golden- yellow ; antennal scape yellow; rest of antenne fuscous. Head no wider than the thorax. Thorax a little longer than wide, finely polygonally sculptured. Abdomen as long as the head and thorax united, a little wider than the thorax; first and second segments distinctly striate; third segment very feebly striate. Antenne 7-jointed; scape as long as pedicel and funicle-joints united ; pedicel twice as long as wide; funicle- joints much narrower than the pedicel ; first as long as wide; 2-4 very short, transverse; club large, one-half longer than wide. Forewings reaching apex of abdomen; rather broad ; hyaline, with a dark stripe at apex of stigmal vein; discal cilia fine and dense; submarginal vein attaining the costa about middle of wing ; marginal vein short ; stigmal vein long, almost perpendicular; basal vein distinct, perpendicular ; venation fuscous, distinct. Length, 1°25 mm.
Hab.—North Queensland: Nelson. Described from one female caught by sweeping in jungle, July 26, 1913 (A. A. Girault).
70
Type.—\. 1978, South Australian Museum. A female on a slide.
ACOLUS SPECIOSSISSIMUS, sp. nov.
@. Golden-yellow; a square patch near the cephalic margin of mesonotum mesad, a transverse band occupying cephalic half of scutellum, and the metanotum, dusky-black- ish ; eyes and ocelli black. Mesonotum and scutellum densely shagreened ; metathorax short, longitudinally rugose, with a blunt spine at its caudal margin mesad, and one at each caudo- lateral extremity. Abdomen no longer or wider than the thorax ; first and second segments striate ; third finely reticu- lately rugose. Antennz 7-jointed; scape long and slender, equal to pedicel and funicle-joints united ; pedicel nearly twice as long as wide; funicle-joints much narrower than pedicel, first a little longer than wide; 2-4 short, transverse; club as long as scape, about twice as long as its greatest width. Man- dibles strongly tridentate. Forewings reaching apex of ab- domen ; moderately broad; hyaline, with a transverse black band involving the marginal and stigmal veins, and a lighter band at apex, the latter band being much wider than the first; the hyaline band between the two dark bands is as wide as the first dark band; marginal cilia moderately long ; discal cilia fine, very dense; submarginal vein attaining the costa slightly before middle of wing; marginal vein short; stigmal vein rather long, scarcely oblique, its apex curved slightly disto-cephalad; basal vein not indicated. Length, 1°40 mm.
/Tab.—North Queensland: Kuranda. Described from one female caught by sweeping foliage in jungle, 1,200 ft., Decem- losie A ILSllay (ee, 1b. IDole))).
Type.—I1. 1979, South Australian Museum. A female om a tag, plus a slide bearing head, antennz, and forewings.
Table of Australian Species of Acolus, Foerster.
Females. (1) Head and thorax black; abdomen usually dark-brown or black... (2)
Head, thorax, and abdomen golden- yellow, or brownish-yellow, some- times marked with black ... ... (6) (2) Abdomen bright golden-yellow ... seminitidus, Dodd Abdomen, except sometimes the first segment, dark-brown or
ack 5 oc) VEN en eae ek eee se (C3) (3) First abdominal segment honey or colden=yellopmye i een, s-s ala) Abdomen wholly dark-brown or black Ok RCE Dy aa ee 8! ee 2) (5) (4) Basal vein not indicated .. .. flavipes, Dodd
Basal vein present, distinct ... silvensis, Dodd
71
:
(5) Basal vein not indicated wa ‘ase SOTMUAUSHE Dana Basal vein present, distinct ... ... brunneus. Dodd (6) Thorax not marked with black, uniform in colour ... (7)
Thorax marked with black” on meso- notum, scutellum, and metanotum ;
forewings with two bands ... ... speciossissimus, Dodd (7) Legs wholly bright-yellow CS Femora and tibie dusky-brown ... amplus, Dodd (8) Forewings with one dark band 9 Forewings not banded ... (10) (9) First funicle-joint scarcely longer than wide ... unifasciutipennis, Dodd First funicle-joint ‘slender, “twice as long as wide .. ... pulcher, Dodd (10) First funicle-joint slender two and a half times as long as wide ...__flavios, Dodd First funicle-joint not or scarcely longer than wide ... GED)
(11) Forewings extending well beyond apex of abdomen; submarginal
vein attaining costa before middle : OM wWWwIng .-- 2. ... angustipennis, Dodd
Forewings extending slightly be- yond apex of abdomen; submar- ginal vein attaining costa about middle of wing Sige 35, BAD) (12) Antenne wholly yellow ; “third ab- dominal segment occupying one- half the surface . magnus, Dodd Pedicel and funicle-joints almost black; third abdominal segment occupying four-fifths the surface ovi, Dodd
ACOLOIDES MACULOSUS, sp. nov.
©. Head and thorax reddish-brown ; abdomen lemon- yellow, with two oval patches on each side of the abdomen at the centre, and two transverse bands near the apex, black; legs and antennz lemon-yellow; eyes and ocelli black. Antenne ‘7-jointed ; scape equal to the pedicel and funicle-joints gom- bined ; pedicel a little longer than wide; funicle-joints very small; first as long as wide; 2-4 transverse; club nearly as long as the scape. Forewings rather short; moderately broad ; a little infuscated ; submarginal vein attaining the costa about the middle of the wing; marginal vein very short; stigmal vein rather long ; basal vein very indistinct. Length, 0°75 mm.
Hab.—North Queensland: Nelson. Described from ons female caught on a window, December, 1912 (A. P. Dodd).
Type.—I. 1980, South Australian Museum. A female on ‘a Slide with the types of Pseudobeus splendidus, Dodd.
ACOLOIDES AUREOLUS, sp. nov. Q. Golden-yellow ; eyes and ocelli black ; antenne dusky- yellow. Antennz as in the preceding species. Forewings
(o
moderately narrow; a little infuscated with a darker trans- verse band at the stigmal vein; submarginal vein attaining the costa about the middle of the wing; marginal vein two- thirds length of stigmal which is rather short, its apex curv- ing slightly disto-cephalad. Length, 1 mm.
Hab.—North Queensland: Nelson. Described from one female caught on a window, December 27, 1912 (A. P. Dodd).
Type.—I. 1981, South Australian Museum. A female on a slide.
ODONTACOLUS AUSTRALICUS, sp. nov.
Q. Head black; thorax dark brown ; abdomen, legs, and antennz (except the club) bright golden-yellow ; antennal club dark-brown. Head transverse, as wide as the thorax. Thorax scarcely longer than wide, finely polygonally sculptured; me- sonotum without furrows; metanotum with two short spines. Abdomen petiolate, as long as the head and thorax united, wider than the thorax; first segment with a short horn; third segment a little the longest; 1-3 striate. Antennze 7-jointed : scape long and slender, longer than next five joints com- bined ; pedicel a little longer than wide: funicle-joints small, first a little longer than wide ; 2-4 very short, transverse ; club large, fully twice as long as wide, almost as long as the scape. Forewings reaching apex of abdomen; rather narrow; almost hyaline ; marginal cilia short ; discal cilia fine and dense ; sub- marginal vein attaining the costa about the middle of the wing; marginal vein short; stigmal vein moderately long, oblique; postmargina! vein a little longer than the stigma; venation pale-yellow. Length, 1 mm.
Hab.—North Queensland : Nelson. Described from one female caught by sweeping on edge of jungle, se 105 0 ls (A. P. Dodd).
Type.—l. 1982, South Australian Museum. A female on a slide.
, PSEUDOBHZUS RUFUS, sp. nov.
3. Dark reddish-brown ; legs and antennal scape paler ; eyes and ocelli black. Head a little wider than the thorax, which is distinctly longer than wide; mesonotum without furrows. Abdomen petiolate, as wide and a little longer than the thorax. Antennz 12-jointed; scape equal to next four joints combined ; pedicel short and stout, but a little narrower than first funicle-joint, which is a little longer than wide; 2-9 subequal, moniliform, a little wider than long; last joint twice as long as wide. Forewings a little infuscated; sub- marginal vein attaining the costa before the middle of the wing; marginal vein one-half as long as the stigmal, which is moderately long, oblique; postmarginal vein as long as the stigmal. Length, 0°80 mm.
73
Hab.—North Queensland: Nelson. Described from one male caught on a window, December, 1912 (A. P. Dodd). Type.—I1. 1983, South Australian Museum. A male on a slide. PSEUDOBEZUS SPLENDIDUS, sp. nov.
Q. light reddish-brown; eyes, ocelli, and scutellum black. Antenne 7-jointed; scape equal to next five joints combined ; pedicel one-half longer than wide; first funicle- joint as wide and almost as long as the pedicel ; 2-4 very small, transverse; club large, as long as the scape. Forewings a. little infuscated ; submarginal vein attaining the costa a little beyond the middle of the wing; marginal vein as long as the stigmal; postmarginal vein a little longer than the stigmal. Length, 1 mm.
Hab.—North Queensland: Nelson. Described from two females caught with the preceding species.
Type.—l. 1984, South Australian Museum. Two females ‘on a slide, with the type of Acoloides maculosus, Dodd.
BAUS LEAI, sp. nov.
Q. Head, thorax, and abdomen reddish-brown ; eyes and ocelli black; legs reddish-yellow. Antennal scape and pedicel black, rest yellow. Head transverse, much wider than the thorax ; ocelli wide apart, the lateral ones almost touching the eye margins. Thorax distinctly wider than long; mesonotum smooth, without furrows; scutellum absent; metathorax very short. Abdomen sessile; broadly oval, scarcely longer than wide, much wider than the thorax, and longer than the head and thorax united ; first and second segments very small ; third segment equal to four-fifths the abdominal length. Wings entirely wanting. Antennz 7-jointed ; scape longer than next five joints combined; pedicel one-half longer than wide; funicle-joints small ; first a little longer than wide; 2-4 trans-_ verse ; club large, as long as the scape. Length, 1 mm.
Hab.—New South Wales: Sydney. Described from one female collected by Mr. A. M. Lea, after whom the insect is named. Subsequently a female was caught at Nelson, North Queensland.
Type.—I. 1985, South Australian Museum. A female on a tag, plus a slide bearing head and antenne.
MIROBEUS, nov. gen.
Q. Head transverse, much wider than the thorax; eyes large, bare; ocelli in a triangle, the lateral ones touching the eye margins; mandibles tridentate, the middle tooth small. "Thorax as wide as long ; pronotum slightly visible from above ; mesonotum as long as wide, without furrows; scutellum rather
74
large, three times as wide as long, rounded posteriorly ; meta- thorax very short. Abdomen sessile; broadly oval; as long as the thorax and much wider ; first segment short, transverse . second segment rather long; third segment the longest, one- half longer than the second; remainder very short. Wings entirely wanting. Antennz 11-jointed; scape, pedicel, five funicle-joints, and a 4-jointed club; scape long and slender ; pedicel rather short; funicle-joints small, first as long as wide, . 2-5 minute, very transverse; club large, distinctly 4-jointed. Type.—The following species.
MiIRoOBZUS BICOLOR, sp. nov.
@. Head and abdomen shining-black; thorax reddish- brown ; legs and antennz golden-yellow ; antennal club brown. Head, thorax, and abdomen with fine, polygonal sculpture. Length, 1 mm.
Hab.—New South Wales: Ourimbah. Described from one female labelled: “Rotting leaves; A. M. Lea.’’
Type.—I. 1986, South Australian Museum. A female on a tag, plus a slide bearing head.
MIROBZOIDES, nov. gen.
Q. Differs from IMdirobeus, Dodd, in lacking the scutel- lum, and in having the first segment of the abdomen as wide as the thorax, third segment equal to almost the whole ab- dominal length.
Type.—The following species.
MIROBAOIDES TASMANICUS, sp. Nov.
Q. Shining-black ; legs and antennal scape reddish-yellow suffused with black. Head, thorax, and abdomen with fine, _ polygonal sculpture. Antennz 11-jointed; scape long and
slender; pedicel one-half longer than wide; funicle-joints small, first a little longer than wide; 2-5 very minute, trans- verse ; club large, 4-jointed. Length, 1:10 mm.
Hab.—Tasmania: Huon River. Described from one fe- male collected by Mr. A. M. Lea.
Type.—I. 1987, South Australian Museum. A female on a tag, plus a slide bearing head and antenne.
Subfamily TELEASINA. This subfamily, though it contains few genera, is rich in species, about 200 species having been described in 1910. I was, therefore, very much surprised at the paucity of species: in Australia. The few species which I describe herewith are the only ones known from Australia, and were collected by
15
Mr. A. A. Girault and myself in North Queensland. The types are all in the collection of the South Australian Museum.
The magnification used was 3-in. objective, 1-in. optic, Bausch and Lomb.
Table of the Genera of the Teleasine. {1) Second abdominal segment longer
than the third tk -- 1. Gryon, Haliday Third abdominal segment the longest, longer than the second.. (2)
42) First ~ abdominal segment in the female with a horn; _ posterior and anterior angles of the meta- notum spined, postscutellum spined (8) First abdominal segment in the female without a horn; anterior angles of the metanotum not spined : (4) (3) Mesonotum with parapsidal furrows 2. Trissacantha, Ashmead Mesonotum without parapsidal fur- Me See =) es, es. Gh. a. Lentacantha, Ashmead (4) Parapsidal furrows present; pee
scutellum with one spine_... ... (5) Parapsidal furrows absent * (6) (5) Antenne of male with whorls of long hairs . 4. Xenomerus, Walker Antennz of male without whorls of long hairs... . 5. Trimorus, Foerster
(6) Posterior femora and tibie thickened Posterior femora and tibie not thickened ... .. Beige yo. BN Ce) (7) Postscutellum not spined . ee .. 6. Paragryon, Kieffer Postscutellum with one central spine 7. Hoplogryon, Ashmead (8) Postscutellum with one central spine 8. Teleas, Latrielle Postscutellum with two central spines 9. Gryonella, nov. gen.
HOPLOGRYON VARICORNIS, sp. nov.
Q. Black; first abdominal segment reddish-brown; legs golden-yellow, the coxe suffused with black; antennal scape, pedicel, and last five joints black, the other joints golden- yellow. Head smooth ; a little wider than the thorax. Thorax one-half longer than wide; mesonotum finely, closely punc- tured ; parapsidal furrows wanting; scutellum smooth; post- scutellum with a large spine; posterior angles of the meta- notum spined. Abdomen petiolate; as long as the head and thorax united, a little wider than the thorax; first segment as long as wide; first and second segments striate; third seg- ment equal to one-half the abdominal length, but wider than long, smooth. Antennz 12-jointed; scape very long, equal to next four joints combined; pedicel one-half longer than wide ; first funicle-joint longer than the pedicel, two and a half times as long as wide; second a little longer than the
76
first, three times as long as wide; third shorter, twice as long as wide; fourth still shorter, but a little longer than wide ; club slender, 6-jointed; first joint a little longer than wide; 2-5 a little wider than long, third a little the widest. Fore- wings reaching a little beyond apex of abdomen; rather narrow, the apex rather pointed; considerably infuscated ; marginal cilia moderately long; discal cilia fine, very dense ; marginal vein terminating a little beyond the middle of the wing ; stigmal vein very short, almost perpendicular. Length, 1-75 mm.
Hab.—North Queensland: Nelson and Kuranda. De- scribed from numerous specimens caught in jungle.
Type.—I. 1988, South Australian Museum. A female, tagmounted, plus a slide bearing antennz and forewings.
HOPLOGRYON SORDIDA, sp. nov.
©. Black; thorax and abdomen a little suffused with reddish; first abdominal segment and legs reddish-yellow. Differs from varicornis, Dodd, in having the mesonotum finely polygonally sculptured; the spines on the postscutellum and metanotum are shorter; the first abdominal segment is dis- tinctly wider than long; the forewings are hyaline; first and second funicle-joints subequal, no longer than the pedicel, scarcely longer than wide; third and fourth much narrower than the second, third as wide as long, fourth wider than long ; club joints 1-5 much wider than long. Length, 1:20 mm.
Hab.—North Queensland: Nelson. Described from one female caught by sweeping jungle along a stream in forest, June 14, 1913 (A. P. Doda).
Type.—I. 1989, South Australian Museum. A female, tagmounted, plus a slide bearing antennz and forewings.
HOPLOGRYON BICOLOR, sp. nov.
36. Head, centre of mesonotum and scutellum, abdomen (except first segment), and antenne black; rest of thorax, and first abdominal segment bright reddish-brown; legs golden- yellow. Structure as in varicornis, Dodd, but the mesonotum is rather finely reticulately rugulose. Forewings as in vari- cornis, but they are less infuscated and the apex is squarely rounded. Antenne almost twice as long as the body; pedicel very short; first funicle-joint a little shorter than the second ; 2-9 subequal. Length, 1°75 mm.
HTab.—North Queensland: Nelson. Described from seve- ral males caught by sweeping in forest.
Type.—I. 1990, South Australian Museum. A male, tagmounted, plus a slide bearing head, antennze, and fore- wings.
77
HoPrLoGRYON RUGULOSA, sp. nov.
Q. Like bicolor, Dodd, but the mesonotum and scutellum are wholly black, the rest of the thorax is deeper. reddish, the coxz are black; scutellum and abdomen (except first and second segments which are striate) reticulately rugulose ; first abdominal segment very transverse; forewings more infus- cated. Antennz 12-jointed ; pedicel one-half longer than wide ;. first funicle-joint a little longer than the pedicel; second as long as the pedicel; third and fourth wider than long; club 6-jointed, third joint slightly the widest. Length, 1°75 mm.
Hab.—North Queensland: Nelson and’ Kuranda. De- scribed from one female caught by sweeping jungle, Little Mulgrave River, June 10, 1913 (A. P. Dodd); also several females caught in jungle, Kuranda, May 13, 1913 (A. P. Dodd).
Type.—I. 1991, South Australian Museum. A female, tagmounted, plus a slide bearing head, antenne, and fore- wings.
HopPLOGRYON PUNCTATA, sp. nov.
Q. Black; legs (including coxe) and antennal scape red- dish-yellow. Head, mesonotum, and scutellum with dense punctures ; first abdominal segment only a little wider than long, first, second, and proximal half of third segment striate ; rest of abdomen smooth. Antennz as in rugulosa, Dodd. Forewings as in rugulosa, but they are almost hyaline. Length, 2 mm.
Hab.—North Queensland: Nelson. Described from one female caught by sweeping jungle, Little Mulgrave River, June 10, 1913 (A. P. Dodd).
Type.—1. 1992, South Australian Museum. A female, tagmounted, plus a slide bearing antenne and forewings.
HOoPLoGRYON RUFITHORAX, sp. nov.
Q@. Head black; thorax and first abdominal segment bright reddish-brown, the mesonotum and scutellum somewhat darker ; rest of abdomen black; antennal scape yellow, rest of antenne suffused with yellow; legs golden-yellow. Structure as in rugulosa, Dodd, but the rugosity is finer, and the third abdominal segment has longitudinal lines of feeble punctures ; the forewings are hyaline, narrower. Length 1:10 mm.
Hab.—North Queensland: Nelson and Kuranda. De- scribed from two females caught by sweeping in jungle, May 19 and July 24, 1913 (A. P. Dodd).
Type.—I. 1993, South Australian Museum. A female on a slide.
78
HoPpLoGRYON PULCHRITHORAX, sp. nov.
Q. Like rufithorax, Dodd, but the posterior third of the mesonotum is bright-yellow; only the base of the second abdominal segment is striate; the third segment is smooth, and the antennal-joints are somewhat different. In rufithoraz the pedicel is slightly longer than wide, the first funicle-joint as wide and slightly longer than pedicel, one-half longer than wide, second slightly shorter and narrower than first; in this species the pedicel is nearly twice as long as wide, first funicle- joint as wide and a little longer than pedicel, fully twice as long as wide, second slightly shorter, but no narrower. Length, 1°25 mm.
Hab.—North Queensland: Kuranda. Described from one female caught by sweeping in heart of jungle, September 12, PONSA EE. Dodd):
Type.—I. 1994, South Australian Museum. A female on a tag, the antennz and forewings on a slide.
Table of the Australian Species of Hoplogryon, Ashmead.
I. First abdominal segment as long as wide, or scarcely wider than long. A. Females. Thorax wholly black. (1) First abdominal segment black ; antennal scape alone yellow punctata, Dodd (2) First abdominal segment ferru- ginous; antennal scape and pedicel black, next five joints golden-yellow te -. «=. varicornis, Dodd B. Male. Thorax bright reddish- brown, the centre of the meso- notum and scutellum black bicolor, Dodd Il. First abdominal segment much wider than long. Females. A. Mesonotum and scutellum reticu- lately rugulose. (1) Mesonotum and scutellum black ; rest of thorax dark reddish- brown; proximal half of third abdominal segment striate .... rugulosa, Dodd (2) Thorax bright reddish-brown; mesonotum and _= scutellum darker, but not black; third abdominal segment with oaey tudinal punctuation ... rufithorax, Dodd (3) Third abdominal segmen it smooth, colour much as in rufithorax j 2 ss =. pulchrithorax, Dodd B. Mesonotum finely polygonally sculptured. (1) Dusky-black ; the first abdominal segment reddish; antenne wholly ‘black 92.) 4. =. ...- sordidas odd
73
TRIMORUS AUSTRALIS, sp. nov.
3g. Very similar to Hoplogryon sordida, Dodd, but the mesonotum has complete, delicate parapsidal furrows, wide apart, and almost parallel; first abdominal segment a little longer than wide; forewings broader, the apex squarely rounded, infuscated ; marginal vein terminating at two-thirds the wing length. Antenne 12-jointed; scape and pedicel yel- low, remaining joints black; pedicel short, no longer than wide; funicle-joints long and cylindrical; first and second subequal, three times as long as wide; third a little shorter than second ; fourth a little shorter than third ; 4-9 subequal ; last funicle-joint distinctly longer than first. Length, 1:40 mm.
Hab.—North Queensland: Nelson. A rather common species in jungle country.
Type.—l. 1995, South Australian Museum. A male, tagmounted, plus a slide bearing head, antennz, and fore- wings.
TRIMORUS ASSIMILIS, sp. nov.
6. Like australis, Dodd, but the mesonotum has scat- tered punctures ; the forewings are less infuscated ; the discal ciliation is in about 28 lines, about 40 lines in australis. Length, 1°20 mm.
Hab.—North Queensland: Nelson. Described from one male caught by sweeping along edge of stream in forest, April fits CA. PP. Dodd):
Type.—l1. 1996, South Australian Museum. A male, tagmounted, plus a slide bearing head, antenne, and fore- wings.
TRIMORUS NIGRIPES, sp. nov.
Q. Black; legs a little suffused with red ; first abdominal segment ferruginous. Like assivmilis, Dodd, but the mesonotum is finely densely punctured; the first abdominal segment is distinctly wider than long; the forewings are rather narrow, the apex more rounded. Antennz as in Hoplogryon sordida, Dodd, but the second funicle-joint is shorter than the first, as wide as long, and the third is wider than long. Length, 1:20 mm.
Hab.—North Queensland: Nelson. Described from one female caught by sweeping along edge of stream in forest, mpewotd, 1913 (A. P. Dodd).
Type.—lI. 1997, South Australian Museum. A female, tagmounted, plus a slide bearing head, antennz, and fore- wings.
TRIMORUS NIGER, sp. nov.
3. Like nigripes, Dodd, but the legs (except the coxe)
are yellow, the femora and tibie being suffused with brown;
80
the abdomen is wholly black; the mesonotum has only scat- tered punctures; the forewings are squarely rounded at the apex ; the spine on the postscutellum is rather larger. An- tenne one-half longer than the body; as in australis, Dodd, but the third funicle-joint is distinctly longer than either the first or second, which are subequal. Length, 1°50 mm.
Hab.—North Queensland: Nelson. Described from one male caught by sweeping along edge of stream in forest, April 15, 1913 (Ace odd):
Type.—I. 1998, South Australian Museum. A male, tagmounted, plus a slide bearing head, antenne, and fore- wings.
TRIMORUS PULCHERRIMUS, sp. NOV.
3. Head black ; thorax bright reddish-brown ; posterior border of median mesonotal lobe dusky; abdomen bright golden-yellow, the sides and apex black; legs golden-yellow ; antennal scape yellow, rest of antenne black. Head trans- verse, slightly wider than the thorax; thorax a little longer than wide; parapsidal furrows delicate, but distinct; post- scutellum with a short spine; posterior angles of metanotum acute. Abdomen no longer than the head and thorax united, no wider than the thorax ; first segment as long as wide; third equal to one-half abdominal length. Head, mesonotum, and scutellum with small, rather sparse, circular setigerous punc- tures ; first and most of second segments striate; rest of ab- domen smooth. Antennz 12-jointed; long and slender, one- half longer than the body; scape usual; pedicel short and stout; funicle-joints long, all subequal. Forewings rather long; broad, the apex rather square; almost hyaline; discal cilia moderately coarse, dense; marginal vein long, but not so long as submarginal, terminating at about three-fifths wing length ; stigmal vein short, one-sixth as long as the marginal, with a distinct knob, slightly oblique; venation fuscous. Mandibles large, tridentate, the two outer teeth long, the middle one short. Length, 1°60 mm.
Hab.—North Queensland: Kuranda. Described from one male caught by sweeping in a forest pocket, 1,500 ft., Sep- tember 12, 1913 (A. P. Dodd).
- Type.—I. 1999, South Australian Museum. A male on a tag, the head and forewings on a slide.
TRIMORUS SPECIOSUS, sp. nov.
3. Like pulcherrumus, Dodd, but the mesoscutum is wholly black ; the sides and apex of abdomen have more black ; the punctures on the head and thorax are much denser; and the antenne are twice aslong as the body. Length, 1:70 mm.
81
Hab.—North Queensland: Kuranda. Described from one male caught by sweeping on edge of jungle, September 16, 1913 (A. P. Dodd).
Type.—l1. 2000, South Australian Museum. A male on a tag, the head and forewings on a slide.
TRIMORUS NIGRELLUS, sp. nov.
Q. Does not differ from Hoplogryon punctata, Dodd, except in having delicate but distinct parapsidal furrows ; only the extreme base of the third abdominal segment is striate; the third funicle joint is nearly twice as long as wide; the forewings are narrower, less infuscated; the venation is not so black. Length, 2 mm.
6. Antennz one-third longer than the body; wholly black; as in niger, Dodd.
Hab.—North Queensland: Nelson.’ Described from one female caught by sweeping jungle near a swamp, November 2, 1912 (A. A. Girault); and one male caught by sweeping on edge of stream in forest, April 15, 1913 (A. P. Dodd).
Type.—lI. 2001, South Australian Museum. A male, tagmounted, plus a slide bearing female antenne and fore- wings. ve
TRIMORUS MYMARIPENNIS, sp. nov.
3. Black; base of abdomen bright-yellow; legs fuscous, the tarsi pale-yellow; antennz wholly black. Head no wider than the thorax. Thorax one-half longer than wide; meso- notum finely polygonally sculptured ; parapsidal furrows deli- cate, but complete; scutellum smooth; postscutellum with a short spine ; posterior angles of metanotum with a small spine. Abdomen a little longer and wider than the thorax; first seg- ment very transverse ; first and second segments striate, the third smooth. Antenne long and slender, somewhat longer than the body ; pedicel short and stout, wider than long ; first funicle-joint twice as long as wide; second a little longer than first ; third a little longer than second ; 3-10 subequal. Fore- wings reaching well beyond apex of abdomen; very slender and graceful, blade-shaped, the apex pointed, five or six times as long as their greatest width; a little infuscated; longest marginal cilia equal to greatest wing width; discal cilia moderately fine, arranged in about ten lines; marginal vein terminating a little beyond middle of wing; stigmal vein short, very oblique, without a distinct knob.
A species unique on account,of its graceful mymarid-like wings.
Hab.—North Queensland: Nelson. Described from one male caught by sweeping in forest, summit of second coast mouse, 1500 it., May 29, 1913 (A. A. Girault).
82
Type.—l. 2002, South Australian Museum. <A male on a slide.
Table of Australian Species of Trimorus, Foester.
Males; females.
I. Head black; thorax bright reddish- brown, the scutum sometimes black; mesal portion of abdomen reddish-brown; males.
(a) Scutum mostly reddish-brown; punctures on head and thorax
rather sparse é pulcherrimus, Dodd (b) Seutum wholly black ; “punctures on head and thorax dense ... speciosus, Dodd
II. Body wholly black, except sometimes base of abdomen. A. Forewings very slender and grace- ful; longest marginal cilia equal to ereatest wing width; male ... mymaripennis, Dodd B. Forewings not especially slender ; the longest marginal cilia not equal to one-half greatest wing width. (1) First Abdonuinell segment much wider than long. (a) First segment reddish-yellow ; mesonotum with fine, dense punctures; female... ... nigripes, Dodd (b) Wnlonien wholly black ; meso- notum with scattered punc- tures; male... . niger, Dodd (2) First abdominal seoment scar cely wider than long, or a little longer than wide. (a) First segment reddish-yellow ; males. Mesonotum with fine, poly- gonal sculpture... australis, Dodd ee, with scattered Lee assimilis, Dodd (b) ee: Shale black ; males, females ee nigrellus, Dodd
PENTACANTHA AUSTRALICA, sp. NOV.
Q. Colour as in Hoplogryon sordida, Dodd, but the first abdominal segment is golden-yellow. Structure as in Trimorus mgripes, Dodd, but the proximal, as well as the posterior, angles of the metanotum have short spines; the parapsidal furrows are wanting; the first abdominal segment is longer than wide, and has a short blunt horn. Antennz and forewings as in Trimorus nigripes. Length, 1:10 mm.
Hab.—North Queensland: Nelson. Common along edges of small streams in forest.
Type.—Il. 2003, South Australian Museum. <A female on a Slide. :
83
PARAGRYON GRACILIFENNIS, sp. nov.
@. Black; legs (including cox), first abdominal seg- ment, and antennal scape reddish-yellow.
Like Xenomerus dubius, Dodd, but the postscutellum and metanotum are unarmed; first funicle-joint of antenne dis- tinctly longer than the pedicel, four times as long as wide; second a little longer than first; third twice as long as wide; forewings exceedingly long, rather slender, graceful, the apex rounded; venation black; stigmal vein rather oblique; no parapsidal furrows. Length, 1°50 mm.
Hab.—North Queensland: Kuranda. JDescribed from one female caught by sweeping on edge of jungle, May 20, #1913 (A. P. Dodd).
Type.—l. 2004, South Australian Museum. A female tagmounted, plus a slide bearing antennz and forewings.
XENOMERUS VARIPES, Sp. Nov.
. Shining-black; legs (except the coxz) golden-yellow, but the distal half of the posterior tibiz and all the posterior tarsi are dusky-black; mouth parts, antennal scape, and pedicel golden-yellow; stalks of the funicle-joints pale yellowish-white, rest of antenne fuscous. Head distinctly wider than the thorax; smooth; lateral ocelli as far distant from the eye margins as from the median ocellus; eyes large; mandibles rather large, tridentate. Thorax scarcely longer than wide; pronotum not visible from above; mesonotum much wider than long, finely polygonally sculptured; parapsidal furrows distinct posteriorly, absent anteriorly; scutellum smooth; postscutellum with only a raised tubercle; metanotum unarmed. Abdomen no longer or wider than the thorax; broadly oval; first segment short, transverse, twice as wide as long; second segment short; third equal to one-half the abdominal length; first and second striate, the rest smooth. Forewings extending well beyond apex of abdomen: broad; perfectly hyaline; marginal cilia moderately long; discal cilia fine, sparse; marginal vein term- inating about the middle of the wing; stigmal vein rather oblique, short, but four times as long as wide, without a knob; venation bright-yellow. Antenne 12-jointed, very long and slender; scape long and slender; pedicel one-half longer than wide; funicle-joints pedicellate-nodose, with long hairs, the hairs many times the width of the joints; first joint without a stalk, scarcely longer than the pedicel; 2-9 all of nearly equal length ; 2-4 with a long basal stalk and a knob; fifth with a stalk at either end, the knob somewhat depressed in the middle ; sixth similar to fifth, but without a basal stalk; 7-9 similar to the sixth, but the knob is much depressed and forms really two
84
knobs in each; last jot without a distinct knob. Length, 1°30 mm.
Hab.—North Queensland : Nelson. Described from one female CANE ae by Sweeping in and on edge of jungle, May 8, 1913.(A... Bo Doda),
Type. Usa 2005, South Australian Museum. A female on a tag, plus a shde bearing head, antennz, and forewing.
XENOMERUS DUBIUS, sp. nov.
Q. The same as varipes, Dodd, but the discal ciliation is moderately coarse and dense, by no means sparse, and the posterior tibiz and tarsi are wholly yellow. Antenne 12- jointed, first six joints golden-yellow, the rest black; scape long and slender; pedicel two and a half times as long as wide; first funicle-joint slightly shorter and narrower than the pedicel; second as long as the first; third and fourth as wide as long; club 6-jointed, joints 1-5 distinctly wider than long, second joint the longest and widest. Length, 140 mm.
Hab. —North Queensland: Nelson and Kuranda. Described from one female caught by sweeping in forest, Nelson, August 24, 1913 (A. A. Girault), and one female caught by sweeping foliage in jungle, Kuranda, May 20, 1913 (A. P. Dood).
Type.—l. 2006, South ee Museum. A slide bear- ing female antennz and forewings.
XENOMERUS FLAVICORNIS, Sp. nov.
Q. Head black; thorax dusky-brown; first abdominal segment golden-yellow; rest of abdomen black; legs and first six antennal-joints golden-yellow; rest of antennze brown.
Like dubius, Dodd, but the mesonotum and scutellum are almost smooth, with only a few scattered setigerous pin- punctures; the pedicel is shorter, only twice as long as wide, and the first and second funicle-joints are shorter. Length, 1°25 mm.
Hab.—North Queensland: Kuranda. JDescribed from one female caught by sweeping in heart of jungle, 1,500 ft., September 12, 1913 (A. P. Dodd).
Type.—I. 2007, South Australian Museum. A female on
a slide. GRYONELLA, nov. gen.
36; 9. Like Teleas, Latrielle, but the postscutellum has two central spines. Type.—Gryonella crawfordi, described herewith.
GRYONELLA CRAWFORDI, sp. Nov.
g. Shining-black ; tibie and tarsi reddish, suffused with dusky. Head and mesonotum with rasied lines of reticulation ;
85
scutellum smooth. Abdomen a little longer and wider than the thorax; first segment a little wider than long; first, second, and base of third segment striate; rest of abdomen smooth. Mandibles large, with two acute teeth. Posterior femora distinctly swollen; intermediate tibie with short spines. Postscutellum with two short spines; posterior angles of the metanotum acute. Antenne a little longer than the body; pedicel short; first funicle-joint slightly longer than the second ; 2-9 subequal ; two very small apparent ring-joints are present. Forewings long; broad, the apex squarely rounded; somewhat infuscated ; marginal cilia short; discal cilia rather coarse, dense ; marginal vein terminating beyond the middle of the wing; stigmal vein short, rather oblique; venation fuscous. Length, 180 mm.
Hab.—North Queensland: Proserpine. Described from one male caught by sweeping foliage and grass in forest, November 3, 1912.(A. A. Girault).
Type. ay 2008, South Australian Museum. A male on a tag, plus a slide bearing head, antenne, and forewings.
The species is named in honour of Mr. J. C. Crawford, of the United States National Museum, for his work on the parasitic Hymenoptera.
GRYONELLA BRUESI, Sp. nov.
Q. Very similar to the type species, but the tibie and tarsi are clear reddish-yellow; the scutellum is reticulated like the mesonotum; and the forewings are not so broad, the infuscation much darker. Antennz 12-jointed ; scape moder- ately long and slender; pedicel nearly twice as long as wide; first funicle-joint shorter but no narrower than the pedicel, somewhat longer than wide; second as wide as long; third and fourth small, transverse; club rather compact, 6-jointed ; joints 1-5 much wider than long, third slightly the widest. Length, 1°70 mm.
Hab.—North Queensland: Nelson. Described from one female caught by sweeping in forest, January 3, 1914 (A. A. Girault).
The species is named in honour of Mr. C. T. Brues, of Harvard University, U.S.A., for his work on the parasitic Hymenoptera.
Type.—l. 2009, South Australian Museum, A female on
a tag, plus a slide bearing antenne and forewings.
Family CERAPHRONID A. The Ceraphronide have never been worked in Australia, and hitherto not one species has been recorded. In working up this family I was greatly surprised at the small number
86
of species found in all the genera except one, namely, the genus Ceraphron. The genus Ceraphron will now contain over forty Australian species, that number being nearly three-fourths of the total number of Australian species in the whole family. Of the species described herewith, twelve were received from the South Australian Museum, the remainder being taken by Mr. A. A. Girault and myself in North Queensland. Only one species, Aphanogmus braconis, Dodd, has been bred.
The types are all in the collection of the South Australian Museum.
The magnification used was 2-in. objective, 1-in. optic, Bausch and Lomb.
Table of Genera of the family Ceraphromde.
(1) Wings fully developed . (2) Wings rudimentary, or totally absent (12) (2) Forewings with a large stigma; antennee 11l-jointed in both sexes (8) Forewings without a real stigma; antennee 11-jointed in the male (10-jointed in one genus), 10- jointed in the female (9-jointed in one genus), but the females of the genus Lagynodes, Foerster, which are wingless, have 11-jointed
antenne ... M2) week Chess aX (O)) (3) Males; females. ~ Body completely flattened ; mesonotum without TUELOWS) 0. wi ee “See de ‘Phatyceraphimonsiieites Body not flattened ... . aiir(4) (4) Mesonotum with three furrows... (5)
Males; females (part). Mesonotum sie agra furrows or with a median furrow; antenne of male with
long hairs or branches ... 2. Dendrocerus, Ratzeburg (5) Males; females (part). Postscutellum spined a 3. Megaspilus, Westwood Postscutellum not spined (6)
(6) Males; females. Wings without dis- cal ciliation ; 4. Trichosteresis, Foerster Wings with discal ciliation 3 7 (7) Males; females. Scape with a short tooth ; male antenne branched ... 5. Prodendrocerus, Kieffer Scape without a tooth... (8) (8) Males; females. Antenne of male with ‘long hairs or branches; meso- notum truncate anteriorly _ a 6. Lygocerus, Foerster Males; females (part). Antennee of male without long hairs or branches; mesonotum rounded
anteriorly 7. Conostigmus, Dahlbom (9) Males. Mesonotum with three fur- rows . 8. Lagynodes, Foerster
Mesonotum without " furrows, or with a median one ARS Sid eur at ea OO)
87
(10) Males; females. Antenne 10-jointed
(11)
(12)
in the male, Soap eS in the female Antenne 11-jointed in the “male, 10-jointed in the female - Males; females (part). Antenne of male with long hairs; mesonotum usually without a median furrow ; scutellum distinctly convex... ... Males (part); females (part). An- tenn of male without long hairs; mesonotum always with a median furrow; scutellum almost flat Eyes small, not as long as their dis- tance from the occipital margin.
Eyes large, much longer than their
(18)
(14)
distance from the occipital margin
Females; male unknown. Pro- notum short, not visible from above; mesonotum with a median furrow; scutellum longer than wide; antenne 10-jointed 2
Pronotum longer than the meso- notum; scutellum often absent, when present distinctly wider than NOTE st PEs et oe
Females; male unknown. Meso- notum with two furrows uniting and forming a median furrow; antennee 10-jointed ; oe rudi- mentary...
Mesonotum without furrows, or the furrows present but not uniting ; antenne 11-jointed ; wings entirely wanting
(15) Females; male unknown. ‘Pronotum
(16)
(17)
(18)
(19)
occupying almost all the thorax dorsad; meso- and metanotum very small; scutellum absent Females. Pronotum occupying only half the thorax dorsad; meso- notum, scutellum, and metanotum distinct
Females; male unknown. Pronotum occupying almost all the thorax dorsad; meso- and metanotum very small; scutellum wanting; antenns 10-jointed sete Pronotum not or scarcely visible from above; mesonotum, scutel- lum, and metanotum distinct Antenne 11-jointed in both sexes Antenne 10-jointed in _ female, 11-jointed in male fs ae Mesonotum with three furrows .. Mesonotum with less than three
' furrows
Females (part), Postscutellum spined Postscutellum not spined _
9. Neoceraphron, Ashmead
(11) 10. Aphanogmus, Thomson 1l. Ceraphron, Jurine
(13) (16)
12. Pristomicrops, Kieffer
(14)
13. Trimicrops, Kieffer (15) 14. Plastomicrops, Kieffer
8. Lagynodes, Foerster
15. Ecitonetes, Brues (17) (18)
(22) (19)
(21) 3. Megaspilus, Westwood: (20)
88
(20) Females (part). Thorax not nar- rowed; maxillary palpi 5-jointed,
labials 3-jointed ...... ... ... 7. Conostigmus, Dahlbom Males; females. Thorax strongly
narrowed; maxillary palpi 4-
jointed, labials 2- jointed ... 16. Conostigmoides, gen. (21) Males; females. Mesonotum w ith [nov.=EHumegaspilus,
two furrows; males and females [ Ashmead, 1893
without wings, or the wings rudi-
mentary 17. Dichogmus, Thomson
Females (par t). Mesonotum without furrows, or with only a median
one; males always winged ... 2. Dendrocerus, Ratzeburg (22) Females; male unknown. Head flat- tened, ‘the frons directed dorsad ;
mesonotum without furrows... 18. Synarsis, Foerster Head not flattened, the frons disecved (cephalad!) ae was eS)
(23) Females (part). Scutellum dis- tinctly convex; mesonotum with- out furrows, or with a median one more or less distinct ... ... ... 10. Aphanogmus, Thomson Males (part) ; females (part). Scutel- lem scarcely convex; mesonotum always with a distinct median furrow Bn RI CERO ESS TG er colin One aenealiates
DENDROCERUS SORDIDUS, sp. nov.
©. Head and thorax dark-brown; antennze fuscous; legs brown, suffused with yellow, the tarsi pale honey-yellow ; abdomen missing. Head subquadrate, a lhttle wider than the thorax ; eyes pubescent. Thorax distinctly longer than wide; mesonotum with a distinct median furrow, the parapsidal furrows wanting; axille meeting at the base of the scutellum ; scutellum longer than wide; head and thorax with fine poly- gonal sculpture and fine pubescence. Antennz 11-jointed ; scape equal to next four joints combined; pedicel one-half longer than wide; first. funicle-joint scarcely shorter than the pedicel; funicle- joints 2-9 gradually and slightly widening towards the apex; funicle-joints 2-8 as wide as long, sub- quadrate ; last joint one-half longer than wide, scarcely longer than the pedicel. Forewings moderately long ; rather broad, the apex squarely rounded; hyaline, with an obscure band just involving the stigma and stigmal vein; discal cilia fine and dense; stigma rather large, scarcely twice as long as wide ; stigmal vein scarcely longer than the stigma; venation brown. Length of head and thorax, 0°75 mm. Total length, probably about 1°50 mm.
Hab.—North Queensland: Pentland. Described from one female caught by sweeping in forest, January 8, 1913 (A. A. Girault).
Type.—\l. 2010, South Australian Museum. A female on a slide.
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DENDROCERUS FEMORALIS, sp. noy.
3. Black; antennal scape, all front legs, apex of middle cox, all middle trochanters, tibie, and tarsi golden-yellow; middle femora and all hind legs (except the knees) dusky- black. Head a little wider than the thorax ; the frons (viewed from above) convex; eyes hairy. Thorax nearly twice as long as wide; cephalic margin truncate; mesonotum and scutellum with fine polygonal sculpture; mesonotum with a distinct median furrow; scutellum somewhat longer than wide. Abdomen much shorter and narrower than the thorax, second segment occupying four-fifths of surface. Posterior femora much swollen; all tibize with two apical spurs. Forewings reaching a little beyond apex of abdomen; broad; hyaline, with a dusky blotch beneath the stigma ; discal cilia moderately fine, dense; stigma large, semicircular; stigmal vein short, straight, not as long as the stigma ; venation fuscous. Antennz 11-jointed; scape long and slender; pedicel very small; first four funicle-joints almost triangular, narrowed at base, excised at apex, the apical margin concave; fifth only slightly excised ; 6-8 filiform, subequal, two-thirds longer than wide; last joint somewhat longer than the preceding; all funicle- joints with long hairs. Length, 145 mm.
Hal.—North Queensland: Harvey Creek. Described from one male caught by sweeping in jungle, November 15, 1913 (A.:P. Dodd).
Type.—l{. 2011, South Australian Museum. A male on a slide.
MEGASPILUS AUSTRALICUS, sp. Nov.
Q. Shining-black; legs (including the cox) and first four antennal-joints lemon-yellow. Head transverse, a little wider than the thorax; finely polygonally sculptured; eyes large, pubescent. Thorax distinctly longer than wide, finely polygonally sculptured ; mesonotum large, with three distinct furrows; axille meeting at the base of the scutellum ; scutel- lum longer than wide; postscutellum with a blunt bidentate spine. Abdomen as long and as wide as the thorax, convex below, slightly convex above; second segment occupying two- thirds abdominal length; first and base of second segment striate ; rest of second segment with regular, longitudinal lines of shallow oval punctures; remaining segments striate. An- tennze 11-jointed; scape long, rather slender, equal to next four joints combined; pedicel two and a half times as long as wide; funicle-joints slightly widening towards the middle ; first slender, as long as the pedicel; second a little wider than long; third as long as wide; fourth longer than wide, the widest joint in the antenne; 5-9 gradually narrowing, all
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longer than wide. Forewings reaching apex of abdomen; very broad ; slightly infuscated ; discal cilia moderately coarse and dense ; submarginal vein terminating about the middle of the wing ; stigma distinctly longer than wide ; stigmal vein scarcely curved, no longer than the stigma; venation lght-fuscous, the stigma lemon-yellow. Length, 2°50 mm.
Hab.—North Queensland: Kuranda. Described from one female caught by sweeping foliage on edge of jungle, May 19, 1913 (A. P! Dodd).
Type.—l. 2012, South Australian Museum. A female, tagmounted, plus a slide bearing antennez and forewings.
LYGOCERUS AUSTRALICUS, sp. nov.
3. Shining-black; tibiz, tarsi, and antennal scape fer- ruginous. Head transverse, a little wider than the thorax ; thorax scarcely longer than wide, finely polygonally sculp- tured; mesonotum large, median furrow distinct, parapsidal furrows delicate; scutellum longer than wide. Abdomen pointed ovate, scarcely longer than the thorax, and not as wide. Antenne 11l-jointed; scape long; pedicel very short; first four funicle-joints constricted at the base, excised at the apex, almost triangular, but the apical margins concave ; giv- ing off long hairs; last five joints almost filiform, the ‘hairs not so long. Forewings reaching apex of abdomen : broad, the apex squarely rounded ; hyaline; marginal cilia short : discal cilia fine and dense ; submarginal vein terminating about the middle of the wing; stigma large, a little longer than wide; stigmal vein slightly longer than the stigma, scarcely curved. Length, 150 mm.
Hab.—North Queensland: Nelson. Described from one male caught by sweeping in open forest, January 29, 1912 (A. A. Girault).
Type.—l. 2013, South Australian Museum. A male, tagmounted, plus a slide bearing antennz and forewings.
LYGOCERUS SPLENDIDUS, sp. nov.
Q. Shining-black; legs and antennal scape ferruginous ; rest of antenne dark-brown, a little suffused with yellow. Structure as in australicus, Dodd, but the parapsidal furrows are distinct, the thorax is distinctly longer than wide, and the abdomen is as wide but no longer than the thorax. Fore- wings very broad; hyaline with a broad, longitudinal infus- cated stripe under the stigmal vein; venation dark-fuscous; stigma very large, slightly longer than wide; stigmal vein nearly twice as long as the stigma, scarcely curved. Antenne 11-jointed ; scape long and slender equal to next three joints
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combined ; pedicel slender, three times as long as wide; first funicle-joint as long as the pedicel; second one-half longer than wide; 3-8 almost subequal, one-half longer than wide; last joint as long as the pedicel. Length, 2.50 mm.
Hab.—South Queensland: Roma. Described from one female caught on foliage of cultivated lemon-tree, October 6, 1911 (A. A. Girault).
Type.—I. 2014, South Australian Museum. A female, tagmounted, plus a slide bearing antenne and forewings.
CoNOSTIGMUS RUFINOTUM, sp. nov. —
Q. Head black; mesonotum and scutellum bright red- dish-brown ; metanotum black ; basal fifth of abdomen reddish- brown ; rest of abdomen black; legs and antennal scape golden- yellow ; rest of antenne black. Head transverse, a little wider than the thorax ; mandibles bidentate. Thorax a little longer than wide; mesonotum large, with three distinct furrows; scutellum large, a little longer than wide. Abdomen a little wider and longer than the thorax; a little longer than wide. Antennz 11-jointed; scape equal to next five joints combined; pedicel twice as long as wide; first funicle-joint a little shorter and narrower than the pedicel; funicle-joints gradually widening towards the apex; second as wide as long; penultimate joint twice as wide as long; last joint twice as long as wide. Forewings broad, the apex very square ; much infuscated ; discal cilia moderately fine and dense, in about 30 rows; venation fuscous, very distinct ; submarginal vein terminating about the middle of the wing: stigma semicircular, twice as long as wide; stigmal vein long, slightly curved, fully twice as long as the stigma. Length, 1°60 mm.
¢. Antenne 11-jointed; long and slender; pedicel scarcely longer than wide; first funicle-joint about four times as long as wide; second a little shorter; the others gradually shortening towards the apex, but the last funicle-joint is as long as the scape.
Hab.—New South Wales: Ourimbah ; North Queensland : Kuranda. Described from two females labelled: “From moss, Ourimbah; A. M. Lea;” and one male caught by sweeping foliage on edge of jungle, Kuranda, May 19, 1913 (A. P. Dodd).
Types.—I. 2015, South Australian Museum. Two fe- males and one male, tagmounted, plus a slide bearing female head, antennz, and forewings, and another slide bearing male head, antennz, and forewings, with type appendages of mus- cosus, Dodd.
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CoNOSTIGMUS TASMANICUS, Sp. nov.
. Reddish-brown; head and metanotum darker; eyes and ocelli black; legs and antennal scape golden-yellow; antennal pedicel and first four funicle-joints dusky-yellow ; remaining joints brown; abdomen missing in the only specimen.
Closely allied to rufinotum, Dodd, but differs in having the first funicle-joint slightly longer than the pedicel; second shorter, but longer than wide; forewings narrower, the apex not square but almost pointed. Length, 150 mm. (?)
Hab.—Tasmania: Mount Wellington (A. M. Lea). Described from one female.
Type.—Il. 2016, South Australian Museum. The female thorax tagmounted, plus a slide bearing head, antenne, and forewings.
_CONOSTIGMUS LEAI, sp. Nov.
©. Head and metanotum black; mesonotum and scutellum reddish-brown; abdomen yellow, more or less dusky; legs and first six antennal-joints golden-yellow; last five antennal-joints dark-brown. Antenne 11-jointed; scape equal to next six joints combined ; first funicle-joint distinctly narrower and shorter than the pedicel, only one-half longer than wide; funicle-joints 2-8 transverse, all distinctly wider than long, gradually widening towards the apex; last joint one-half as long as the scape. Forewings squared at the apex as in rufinotum, but they are smaller; venation dark-fuscous. Length, 1:10 mm. :
HZab.—South Queensland: Mount Tambourine. Described from one female labelled: ‘‘Rotting leaves; A. M. Lea.”’
Type.—l. 2017, South Australian Museum. A female on a slide with the type of Ceraphron bicolor, Dodd.
CoNOSTIGMUS MUSCOSUS, Sp. nov.
So. Head and metanotum black; rest of thorax reddish- brown; abdomen yellow, more or less dusky; legs and anten- nal scape golden-yellow; rest of antenne dark-brown. Head as wide as the thorax; thorax scarcely longer than wide; abdomen narrowed at the base, as wide as the thorax, and a little longer than the head and thorax united. Antenne as in rufinotum, Dodd. Forewings much as in rufinotum, but they are hyaline; venation very pale-yellow, very indistinct. Length, 150 mm.
Hab.—New South Wales: Ourimbah. Described from one male labelled: ‘‘From moss; A. M. Lea.’’
Type.—l. 2018, South Australian Museum. A male, tag- mounted, plus a slide bearing head, antennz, and forewings, with type appendages of male rwfinotum.
oo
CoNOSTIGMUS GIRAULTI, sp. nov.
Q. Head black; thorax brownish-yellow; abdomen golden-yellow; legs and first four antennal-joints lemon- yellow; rest of antenne brown. Structure as in the other species, but the abdomen is distinctly longer than the head